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Peguero, Guille ; Ferrin, Miquel ; Sardans, Jordi ; Verbruggen, Erik ; Ramirez-Rojas , Irène ; Van Langenhove, Leandro ; Verryckt, Lore T. ; Murienne, Jérôme ; Iribar, Amaia ; Zinger, Lucie ; Grau, Oriol ; Orivel, Jérome ; Stahl, Clement ; Courtois, Elodie A. ; Asensio, Dolores ; Gargallo-Garriga, Albert ; Llusia, Joan ; Margalef, Olga ; Ogaya, Roma ; Richter, Andreas ; Janssens, Ivan A. ; Penuelas, Josep |
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Title |
Decay of similitary across tropical forest communities: integrating spatial distance with soil nutrients |
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Journal Article |
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2021 |
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Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
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103 |
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2 |
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e03599 |
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Understanding the mechanisms that drive the change of biotic assemblages over space and time is the main quest of community ecology. Assessing the relative importance of dispersal and environmental species selection in a range of organismic sizes and motilities has been a fruitful strategy. A consensus for whether spatial and environmental distances operate similarly across spatial scales and taxa, however, has yet to emerge. We used censuses of four major groups of organisms (soil bacteria, fungi, ground insects, and trees) at two observation scales (1-m2 sampling point vs. 2,500-m2 plots) in a topographically standardized sampling design replicated in two tropical rainforests with contrasting relationships between spatial distance and nutrient availability. We modeled the decay of assemblage similarity for each taxon set and site to assess the relative contributions of spatial distance and nutrient availability distance. Then, we evaluated the potentially structuring effect of tree composition over all other taxa. The similarity of nutrient content in the litter and topsoil had a stronger and more consistent selective effect than did dispersal limitation, particularly for bacteria, fungi, and trees at the plot level. Ground insects, the only group assessed with the capacity of active dispersal, had the highest species turnover and the flattest nonsignificant distance−decay relationship, suggesting that neither dispersal limitation nor nutrient availability were fundamental drivers of their community assembly at this scale of analysis. Only the fungal communities at one of our study sites were clearly coordinated with tree composition. The spatial distance at the smallest scale was more important than nutrient selection for the bacteria, fungi, and insects. The lower initial similarity and the moderate variation in composition identified by these distance-decay models, however, suggested that the effects of stochastic sampling were important at this smaller spatial scale. Our results highlight the importance of nutrients as one of the main environmental drivers of rainforest communities irrespective of organismic or propagule size and how the overriding effect of the analytical scale influences the interpretation, leading to the perception of greater importance of dispersal limitation and ecological drift over selection associated with environmental niches at decreasing observation scales. |
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Ecological Society of America |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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1022 |
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Srivastava, D.S.; Céréghino, R.; Trzcinski, M.K.; MacDonald, A.A.M.; Marino, N.A.C.; Mercado, D.A.; Leroy, C.; Corbara, B.; Romero, G.Q.; Farjalla, V.F.; Barberis, I.M.; Dézerald, O.; Hammill, E.; Atwood, T.B.; Piccoli, G.C.O.; Ospina-Bautista, F.; Carrias, J.-F.; Leal, J.S.; Montero, G.; Antiqueira, P.A.P.; Freire, R.; Realpe, E.; Amundrud, S.L.; de Omena, P.M.; Campos, A.B.A. |
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Ecological response to altered rainfall differs across the Neotropics |
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Journal Article |
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2020 |
Publication |
Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ecology |
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101 |
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4 |
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e02984 |
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contingency; distributed experiment; freshwater; global change biology; macroinvertebrates; phytotelmata; precipitation; aquatic ecosystem; climate change; climate conditions; ecosystem response; extreme event; functional group; invertebrate; Neotropical Region; rainfall; species pool; Bacteria (microorganisms); Invertebrata; rain; animal; climate change; drought; ecosystem; invertebrate; Animals; Climate Change; Droughts; Ecosystem; Invertebrates; Rain |
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There is growing recognition that ecosystems may be more impacted by infrequent extreme climatic events than by changes in mean climatic conditions. This has led to calls for experiments that explore the sensitivity of ecosystems over broad ranges of climatic parameter space. However, because such response surface experiments have so far been limited in geographic and biological scope, it is not clear if differences between studies reflect geographic location or the ecosystem component considered. In this study, we manipulated rainfall entering tank bromeliads in seven sites across the Neotropics, and characterized the response of the aquatic ecosystem in terms of invertebrate functional composition, biological stocks (total invertebrate biomass, bacterial density) and ecosystem fluxes (decomposition, carbon, nitrogen). Of these response types, invertebrate functional composition was the most sensitive, even though, in some sites, the species pool had a high proportion of drought-tolerant families. Total invertebrate biomass was universally insensitive to rainfall change because of statistical averaging of divergent responses between functional groups. The response of invertebrate functional composition to rain differed between geographical locations because (1) the effect of rainfall on bromeliad hydrology differed between sites, and invertebrates directly experience hydrology not rainfall and (2) the taxonomic composition of some functional groups differed between sites, and families differed in their response to bromeliad hydrology. These findings suggest that it will be difficult to establish thresholds of “safe ecosystem functioning” when ecosystem components differ in their sensitivity to climatic variables, and such thresholds may not be broadly applicable over geographic space. In particular, ecological forecast horizons for climate change may be spatially restricted in systems where habitat properties mediate climatic impacts, and those, like the tropics, with high spatial turnover in species composition. © 2020 by the Ecological Society of America |
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Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Caldas, Caldas, 170001, Colombia |
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Ecological Society of America |
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00129658 (Issn) |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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979 |
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Farjalla, V.F.; González, A.L.; Céréghino, R.; Dezerald, O.; Marino, N.A.C.; Piccoli, G.C.O.; Richardson, B.A.; Richardson, M.J.; Romero, G.Q.; Srivastava, D.S. |
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Terrestrial support of aquatic food webs depends on light inputs: A geographically-replicated test using tank bromeliads |
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Journal Article |
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2016 |
Publication |
Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ecology |
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97 |
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8 |
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2147-2156 |
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Allochthonous carbon; Allochthony; Aquatic food webs; Autochthonous carbon; Autochthony; Natural microcosms; Stable isotopic analysis; Tank bromeliads; Tropics |
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Food webs of freshwater ecosystems can be subsidized by allochthonous resources. However, it is still unknown which environmental factors regulate the relative consumption of allochthonous resources in relation to autochthonous resources. Here, we evaluated the importance of allochthonous resources (litterfall) for the aquatic food webs in Neotropical tank bromeliads, a naturally replicated aquatic microcosm. Aquatic invertebrates were sampled in more than 100 bromeliads within either open or shaded habitats and within five geographically distinct sites located in four different countries. Using stable isotope analyses, we determined that allochthonous sources comprised 74% (±17%) of the food resources of aquatic invertebrates. However, the allochthonous contribution to aquatic invertebrates strongly decreased from shaded to open habitats, as light incidence increased in the tanks. The density of detritus in the tanks had no impact on the importance of allochthonous sources to aquatic invertebrates. This overall pattern held for all invertebrates, irrespective of the taxonomic or functional group to which they belonged. We concluded that, over a broad geographic range, aquatic food webs of tank bromeliads are mostly allochthonous-based, but the relative importance of allochthonous subsidies decreases when light incidence favors autochthonous primary production. These results suggest that, for other freshwater systems, some of the between-study variation in the importance of allochthonous subsidies may similarly be driven by the relative availability of autochthonous resources. © 2016 by the Ecological Society of America. |
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Department of Animal Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), PO Box 6109, Campinas-SP, Brazil |
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Export Date: 1 September 2016 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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687 |
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Baraloto, Christophier ; Vleminckx, Jason ; Engel, Julien ; Petronelli, Pascal ; Davila, Nallarett ; Rios, Marcos ; Valderrama Sandoval, Elvis Harry ; Mesones, Italo ; Guevara ANdino, Juan Ernesto ; Fortunel, Claire ; Allie, Elodie ; Paine, C.E. Timothy ; Dourdan, Aurélie ; Goret, Jean-Yves ; Valverde-Barrantes, Oscar J. ; Draper, Freddie ; Fine, Paul V. A. |
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Title |
Biogeographic history and habitat specialization shape floristic and phylogenetic composition across Amazonian forests |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Ecological Monographs |
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91 |
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4 |
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e01473 |
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A major challenge remains to understand the relative contributions of history, dispersal, and environmental filtering to the assembly of hyperdiverse communities across spatial scales. Here, we examine the extent to which biogeographical history and habitat specialization have generated turnover among and within lineages of Amazonian trees across broad geographic and environmental gradients. We replicated standardized tree inventories in 102 0.1-ha plots located in two distant regions—the western Amazon and the eastern Guiana shield. Within each region, we used a nested design to replicate plots on contrasted habitats: white-sand, terra firme, and seasonally flooded forests. Our plot network encompassed 26,386 trees that together represented 2,745 distinct taxa, which we standardized across all plots and regions. We combined taxonomic and phylogenetic data with detailed soil measurements and climatic data to: (1) test whether patterns of taxonomic and phylogenetic composition are consistent with recent or historical processes, (2) disentangle the relative effects of habitat, environment, and geographic distance on taxonomic and phylogenetic turnover among plots, and (3) contrast the proportion of habitat specialists among species from each region. We found substantial species turnover between Peru and French Guiana, with only 8.8% of species shared across regions; genus composition remained differentiated across habitats and regions, whereas turnover at higher taxonomic levels (family, order) was much lower. Species turnover across plots was explained primarily by regions, but also substantially by habitat differences and to a lesser extent by spatial distance within regions. Conversely, the composition of higher taxonomic levels was better explained by habitats (especially comparing white-sand forests to other habitats) than spatial distance. White-sand forests harbored most of the habitat specialists in both regions, with stronger habitat specialization in Peru than in French Guiana. Our results suggest that recent diversification events have resulted in extremely high turnover in species and genus composition with relatively little change in the composition of higher lineages. Our results also emphasize the contributions of rare habitats, such as white-sand forests, to the extraordinary diversity of the Amazon and underline their importance as conservation priorities. |
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Ecological Society of America |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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1027 |
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Urbina, Ifigenia ; Grau, Oriol ; Sardans, Jordi ; Margalef, Olga ; Peguero, Guillermo ; Asensio, Dolores ; Llusia, Joan ; Ogaya, Roma ; Gargallo-Garriga, Albert ; Van Langenhove, Leandro ; Verryckt, Lore T. ; Courtois, Elodie A. ; Stahl, Clement ; Soong, Jennifer L. ; Chave, Jérome ; Hérault, Bruno ; Janssens, Ivan A. ; Sayer, Emma ; Penuelas, Josep |
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High foliar K and P resorption efficiencies in old-growth tropical forests growing on nutrient-poor soils |
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Journal Article |
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2021 |
Publication |
Ecology and Evolution |
Abbreviated Journal |
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11 |
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13 |
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8969-8982 |
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Resorption is the active withdrawal of nutrients before leaf abscission. This mechanism represents an important strategy to maintain efficient nutrient cycling; however, resorption is poorly characterized in old-growth tropical forests growing in nutrient-poor soils. We investigated nutrient resorption from leaves in 39 tree species in two tropical forests on the Guiana Shield, French Guiana, to investigate whether resorption efficiencies varied with soil nutrient, seasonality, and species traits. The stocks of P in leaves, litter, and soil were low at both sites, indicating potential P limitation of the forests. Accordingly, mean resorption efficiencies were higher for P (35.9%) and potassium (K; 44.6%) than for nitrogen (N; 10.3%). K resorption was higher in the wet (70.2%) than in the dry (41.7%) season. P resorption increased slightly with decreasing total soil P; and N and P resorptions were positively related to their foliar concentrations. We conclude that nutrient resorption is a key plant nutrition strategy in these old-growth tropical forests, that trees with high foliar nutrient concentration reabsorb more nutrient, and that nutrients resorption in leaves, except P, are quite decoupled from nutrients in the soil. Seasonality and biochemical limitation played a role in the resorption of nutrients in leaves, but species-specific requirements obscured general tendencies at stand and ecosystem level. |
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Wiley |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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1011 |
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Mirabel, Ariane ; Marcon, Eric ; Hérault, Bruno |
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30 Years of postdisturbance recruitment in a Neotropical forest |
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2021 |
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Ecology and Evolution |
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11 |
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21 |
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14448-14458 |
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John Wiley & Sons, Ltd (10.1111) |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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1043 |
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Tysklind, N.; Etienne, M.-P.; Scotti-Saintagne, C.; Tinaut, A.; Casalis, M.; Troispoux, V.; Cazal, S.-O.; Brousseau, L.; Ferry, B.; Scotti, I. |
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Microgeographic local adaptation and ecotype distributions: The role of selective processes on early life-history traits in sympatric, ecologically divergent Symphonia populations |
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Journal Article |
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2020 |
Publication |
Ecology and Evolution |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ecology and Evolution |
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10 |
Issue |
19 |
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10735-10753 |
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determinants of plant community diversity and structure; evolutionary ecology; landscape ecology; local adaptation; Neotropical forest; plant development and life-history traits; reciprocal transplantation experiments; Symphonia |
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Trees are characterized by the large number of seeds they produce. Although most of those seeds will never germinate, plenty will. Of those which germinate, many die young, and eventually, only a minute fraction will grow to adult stage and reproduce. Is this just a random process? Do variations in germination and survival at very young stages rely on variations in adaptations to microgeographic heterogeneity? and do these processes matter at all in determining tree species distribution and abundance?. We have studied these questions with the Neotropical Symphonia tree species. In the Guiana shield, Symphonia are represented by at least two sympatric taxa or ecotypes, Symphonia globulifera found almost exclusively in bottomlands, and a yet undescribed more generalist taxon/ecotype, Symphonia sp1. A reciprocal transplantation experiment (510 seeds, 16 conditions) was set up and followed over the course of 6 years to evaluate the survival and performance of individuals from different ecotypes and provenances. Germination, survival, growth, and herbivory showed signs of local adaptation, with some combinations of ecotypes and provenances growing faster and surviving better in their own habitat or provenance region. S. globulifera was strongly penalized when planted outside its home habitat but showed the fastest growth rates when planted in its home habitat, suggesting it is a specialist of a high-risk high-gain strategy. Conversely, S. sp1 behaved as a generalist, performing well in a variety of environments. The differential performance of seeds and seedlings in the different habitats matches the known distribution of both ecotypes, indicating that environmental filtering at the very early stages can be a key determinant of tree species distributions, even at the microgeographic level and among very closely related taxa. Furthermore, such differential performance also contributes to explain, in part, the maintenance of the different Symphonia ecotypes living in intimate sympatry despite occasional gene flow. © 2020 The Authors. Ecology and Evolution published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd |
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UMR AMAP, IRD, Cirad, CNRS, INRAE, Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France |
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John Wiley and Sons Ltd |
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20457758 (Issn) |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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951 |
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Binelli, G.; Montaigne, W.; Sabatier, D.; Scotti-Saintagne, C.; Scotti, I. |
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Discrepancies between genetic and ecological divergence patterns suggest a complex biogeographic history in a Neotropical genus |
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2020 |
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Ecology and Evolution |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ecology and Evolution |
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10 |
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11 |
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4726-4738 |
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allopatric divergence; Amazon; Guiana Shield; interspecific gene flow; Myristicaceae; secondary contact; Virola |
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Phylogenetic patterns and the underlying speciation processes can be deduced from morphological, functional, and ecological patterns of species similarity and divergence. In some cases, though, species retain multiple similarities and remain almost indistinguishable; in other cases, evolutionary convergence can make such patterns misleading; very often in such cases, the “true” picture only emerges from carefully built molecular phylogenies, which may come with major surprises. In addition, closely related species may experience gene flow after divergence, thus potentially blurring species delimitation. By means of advanced inferential methods, we studied molecular divergence between species of the Virola genus (Myristicaceae): widespread Virola michelii and recently described, endemic V. kwatae, using widespread V. surinamensis as a more distantly related outgroup with different ecology and morphology—although with overlapping range. Contrary to expectations, we found that the latter, and not V. michelii, was sister to V. kwatae. Therefore, V. kwatae probably diverged from V. surinamensis through a recent morphological and ecological shift, which brought it close to distantly related V. michelii. Through the modeling of the divergence process, we inferred that gene flow between V. surinamensis and V. kwatae stopped soon after their divergence and resumed later, in a classical secondary contact event which did not erase their ecological and morphological differences. While we cannot exclude that initial divergence occurred in allopatry, current species distribution and the absence of geographical barriers make complete isolation during speciation unlikely. We tentatively conclude that (a) it is possible that divergence occurred in allopatry/parapatry and (b) secondary contact did not suppress divergence. © 2020 The Authors. Ecology and Evolution published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. |
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INRAE, URFM, Avignon, France |
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John Wiley and Sons Ltd |
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20457758 (Issn) |
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963 |
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Courtois, E.A.; Dexter, K.G.; Paine, C.E.T.; Stien, D.; Engel, J.; Baraloto, C.; Chave, J. |
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Evolutionary patterns of volatile terpene emissions across 202 tropical tree species |
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Journal Article |
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2016 |
Publication |
Ecology and Evolution |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ecol Evol |
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6 |
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9 |
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2854-2864 |
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Chemical defense; French Guiana; herbivory; secondary metabolites; tropical forest |
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Plant responses to natural enemies include formation of secondary metabolites acting as direct or indirect defenses. Volatile terpenes represent one of the most diverse groups of secondary metabolites. We aimed to explore evolutionary patterns of volatile terpene emission. We measured the composition of damage-induced volatile terpenes from 202 Amazonian tree species, spanning the angiosperm phylogeny. Volatile terpenes were extracted with solid-phase micro extraction and desorbed in a gas chromatography–mass spectrometry for compound identification. The chemical diversity of the terpene blend showed a strong phylogenetic signal as closely related species emitted a similar number of compounds. Closely related species also tended to have compositionally similar blends, although this relationship was weak. Meanwhile, the ability to emit a given compound showed no significant phylogenetic signal for 200 of 286 compounds, indicating a high rate of diversification in terpene synthesis and/or great variability in their expression. Three lineages (Magnoliales, Laurales, and Sapindales) showed exceptionally high rates of terpene diversification. Of the 70 compounds found in >10% of their species, 69 displayed significant correlated evolution with at least one other compound. These results provide insights into the complex evolutionary history of volatile terpenes in angiosperms, while highlighting the need for further research into this important class of compounds. |
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2045-7758 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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Denis, T.; Richard-Hansen, C.; Brunaux, O.; Etienne, M.-P.; Guitet, S.; Herault, B. |
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Biological traits, rather than environment, shape detection curves of large vertebrates in neotropical rainforests |
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2017 |
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Ecological Applications |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ecol Appl |
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27 |
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5 |
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1564-1577 |
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Keywords |
abundance; camouflage; distance sampling; encounter rate; French Guiana; hunting vulnerability; line transect; Neotropical terra firme rainforests; relative abundance |
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Abstract |
Line transect surveys are widely used in Neotropical rainforests to estimate the population abundance of medium- and large-sized vertebrates. The use of indices such as encounter rate has been criticized because the probability of animal detection may fluctuate due to the heterogeneity of environmental conditions among sites. In addition, the morphological and behavioral characteristics (biological traits) of species affect their detectability. In this study, we compared the extent to which environmental conditions and species’ biological traits bias abundance estimates in terra firme rainforests in French Guiana. The selected environmental conditions included both physical conditions and forest structure covariates, while the selected biological traits included the morphological and behavioral characteristics of species. We used the distance sampling method to model the detection probability as an explicit function of environmental conditions and biological traits and implemented a model selection process to determine the relative importance of each group of covariates. Biological traits contributed to the variability of animal detectability more than environmental conditions, which had only a marginal effect. Detectability was best for large animals with uniform or disruptive markings that live in groups in the canopy top. Detectability was worst for small, solitary, terrestrial animals with mottled markings. In the terra firme rainforests that represent ~80% of the Amazonia and Guianas regions, our findings support the use of relative indices such as the encounter rate to compare population abundance between sites in species-specific studies. Even though terra firme rainforests may appear similar between regions of Amazonia and the Guianas, comparability must be ensured, especially in forests disturbed by human activity. The detection probability can be used as an indicator of species’ vulnerability to hunting and, thus, to the risk of local extinction. Only a few biological trait covariates are required to correctly estimate the detectability of the majority of medium- and large-sized vertebrates. Thus, a biological trait model could be useful in predicting the detection probabilities of rare, uncommon, or localized species for which few data are available to fit the detection function. |
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1939-5582 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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764 |
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