| Records |
| Author |
Ruelle, J.; Clair, B.; Beauchene, J.; Prevost, M.F.; Fournier, M. |
| Title |
Tension wood and opposite wood in 21 tropical rain forest species 2. Comparison of some anatomical and ultrastructural criteria |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2006 |
Publication |
IAWA Journal |
Abbreviated Journal |
IAWA J. |
| Volume |
27 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
341-376 |
| Keywords |
tension wood; opposite wood; tropical rain forest; vessels; wood anatomy; wood fibre |
| Abstract |
The anatomy of tension wood and opposite wood was compared in 21 tropical rain forest trees from 21 species belonging to 18 families from French Guyana. Wood specimens were taken from the upper and lower sides of naturally tilted trees. Measurement of the growth stress level ensured that the two samples were taken from wood tissues in a different mechanical state: highly tensile-stressed wood on the upper side, called tension wood and normally tensile-stressed wood on the lower side, called opposite wood. Quantitative parameters relating to fibres and vessels were measured on transverse sections of both tension and opposite wood to check if certain criteria can easily discriminate the two kinds of wood. We observed a decrease in the frequency of vessels in the tension wood in all the trees studied. Other criteria concerning shape and surface area of the vessels, fibre diameter or cell wall thickness did not reveal any general trend. At the ultrastructural level, we observed that the microfibril angle in the tension wood sample was lower than in opposite wood in all the trees except one (Licania membranacea). |
| Address |
UAG, ENGREF,UMR Ecol Forets Guyane, INRA,ECOFOG, CIRAD,CNRS, F-97379 Kourou, Guyana, Email: ruelle_j@kourou.cirad.fr |
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Thesis |
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| Publisher |
INT ASSOC WOOD ANATOMISTS |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0928-1541 |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
ISI:000242437400001 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
171 |
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| Author |
Rahali, H.; Stien, D. |
| Title |
Highly-loaded amphiphilic polyimino resin: quench reagent and solid support for peptide synthesis |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Tetrahedron Letters |
Abbreviated Journal |
Tetrahedron Lett. |
| Volume |
47 |
Issue |
47 |
Pages |
8205-8207 |
| Keywords |
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| Abstract |
We demonstrate herein that polyimino resin 4a prepared by condensation of alpha,alpha'-dichloro-p-xylene, ethylenediamine and tris-(2-aminoethyl)-amine can be successfully exploited as a quench reagent for acids and electrophiles both in aqueous and organic solutions. Scope and limitations of such a resin as a solid support for peptide synthesis were also investigated. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. |
| Address |
CNRS, UMR Ecofog, Inst Enseignement Super Guyane, F-97337 Cayenne, France, Email: didier.stien@guyane.cnrs.fr |
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| Publisher |
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0040-4039 |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
ISI:000241910200002 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
172 |
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| Author |
Bertani, S.; Houel, E.; Stien, D.; Chevolot, L.; Jullian, V.; Garavito, G.; Bourdy, G.; Deharo, E. |
| Title |
Simalikalactone D is responsible for the antimalarial properties of an amazonian traditional remedy made with Quassia amara L. (Simaroubaceae) |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Journal of Ethnopharmacology |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Ethnopharmacol. |
| Volume |
108 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
155-157 |
| Keywords |
antimalarial; Quassia amara; quassinoids; simalikalactone D; traditional medicine |
| Abstract |
French Guiana (North-East Amazonia) records high malaria incidence rates. The traditional antimalarial remedy most widespread there is a simple tea made out from Quassia amara L. leaves (Simaroubaceae). This herbal tea displays an excellent antimalarial activity both in vitro and in vivo. A known quassinoid, simalikalactone D (SkD), was identified as the active compound, with an IC50 value of 10 nM against FeB1 Plasmodium falciparum chloroquine resistant strain in vitro. Lastly, it inhibits 50% of Plasmodium yoelii yoelii rodent malaria parasite at 3.7 mg/kg/day in vivo by oral route. These findings confirm the traditional use of this herbal tea. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. |
| Address |
Univ Toulouse 3, UMR 152, Ctr IRD, F-97323 Cayenne, French Guiana, Email: deharo@cayenne.ird.fr |
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| Publisher |
ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0378-8741 |
ISBN |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
ISI:000241573000023 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
173 |
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| Author |
Scotti, I.; Delph, L.F. |
| Title |
Selective trade-offs and sex-chromosome evolution in Silene latifolia |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Evolution |
Abbreviated Journal |
Evolution |
| Volume |
60 |
Issue |
9 |
Pages |
1793-1800 |
| Keywords |
antagonistic genes; linkage map; quantitative trait loci; sex-specific expression; Y chromosome |
| Abstract |
Alleles of sexually antagonistic genes (i.e., genes with alleles affecting fitness in opposite directions in the two sexes) can avoid expression in the sex to which they are detrimental via two processes: they are subsumed into the nonrecombining, sex-determining portion of the sex chromosomes or they evolve sex-limited expression. The former is considered more likely and leads to Y-chromosome degeneration. We mapped quantitative trait loci of major effect for sexually dimorphic traits of Silene latifolia to the recombining portions of the sex chromosomes and found them to exhibit sex-specific expression, with the Y chromosome in males controlling a relatively larger proportion of genetic variance than the X in females and the average autosome. Both reproductive and ecophysiological traits map to the recombining region of the sex chromosomes. We argue that genetic correlations among traits maintain recombination and polymorphism for these genes because of balancing selection in males, whereas sex-limited expression represses detrimental alleles in females. Our data suggest that the Y chromosome of S. latifolia plays a major role in the control of key metabolic activities beyond reproductive functions. |
| Address |
Indiana Univ, Dept Biol, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA, Email: ivan.scotti@kourou.cirad.fr |
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| Publisher |
SOC STUDY EVOLUTION |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0014-3820 |
ISBN |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
ISI:000241226800005 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
174 |
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| Author |
Duminil, J.; Caron, H.; Scotti, I.; Cazal, S.O.; Petit, R.J. |
| Title |
Blind population genetics survey of tropical rainforest trees |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Molecular Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Mol. Ecol. |
| Volume |
15 |
Issue |
12 |
Pages |
3505-3513 |
| Keywords |
Bayesian assignment tests; genetic diversity; geographical structure; South America; species delimitation |
| Abstract |
Rainforest tree species can be difficult to identify outside of their period of reproduction. Vascular tissues from Carapa spp. individuals were collected during a short field trip in French Guiana and analysed in the laboratory with nuclear and chloroplast markers. Using a Bayesian approach, > 90% of the samples could be assigned to one of two distinct clusters corresponding to previously described species, making it possible to estimate the genetic structure of each species and to identify cases of introgression. We argue that this blind procedure represents a first-choice rather than a fallback option whenever related taxa are investigated. |
| Address |
INRA, UMR Biodivers Genes & Ecosyst, F-33612 Cestas, France, Email: caron@pierroton.inra.fr |
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Thesis |
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| Publisher |
BLACKWELL PUBLISHING |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0962-1083 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
ISI:000241157400002 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
175 |
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| Author |
Clair, B.; Ruelle, J.; Beauchene, J.; Prevost, M.F.; Fournier, M. |
| Title |
Tension wood and opposite wood in 21 tropical rain forest species 1. Occurrence and efficiency of the G-layer |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2006 |
Publication |
IAWA Journal |
Abbreviated Journal |
IAWA J. |
| Volume |
27 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
329-338 |
| Keywords |
gelatinous layer; G-layer; French Guyana; tropical rain forest; tension wood; wood anatomy |
| Abstract |
Wood samples were taken from the upper and lower sides of 21 naturally tilted trees from 18 families of angiosperms in the tropical rain forest in French Guyana. The measurement of growth stresses ensured that the two samples were taken from wood tissues in a different mechanical state: highly tensile stressed wood on the upper side, called tension wood, and lower tensile stressed wood on the lower side, called opposite wood. Eight species had tension wood fibres with a distinct gelatinous layer (G-layer). The distribution of gelatinous fibres varied from species to species. One of the species, Casearia javitensis (Flacourtiaceae), showed a peculiar multilayered secondary wall in its reaction wood. Comparison between the stress level and the occurrence of the G-layer indicates that the G-layer is not a key factor in the production of high tensile stressed wood. |
| Address |
UAG, INRA, ENGREF, CIRAD CNRS,ECOFOG,UMR Ecol Forets Guyane, F-97379 Kourou, Guyana, Email: clair@lmgc.univ-montp2.fr |
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Thesis |
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| Publisher |
INT ASSOC WOOD ANATOMISTS |
Place of Publication |
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Original Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0928-1541 |
ISBN |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
ISI:000240542400008 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
176 |
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| Author |
Scotti, I.; Paglia, G.; Magni, F.; Morgante, M. |
| Title |
Population genetics of Norway spruce (Picea abies Karst.) at regional scale: sensitivity of different microsatellite motif classes in detecting differentiation |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Annals of Forest Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ann. For. Sci. |
| Volume |
63 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
485-491 |
| Keywords |
conifers; SSR; divergence; statistical testing; genetic distance |
| Abstract |
Four populations of Norway spruce (Picea abies Karst.) were screened using nine nuclear microsatellite markers (three trinucleotides and six dinucleotides) and four chloroplast markers (all mononucleotides). Marker classes were compared for their variability, mutation rate and ability to detect differentiation between stands. Dinucleotide markers proved to be the most variable group and chloroplast stretches the least variable, with differences in mutation rate between the former and the latter spanning over two orders of magnitude. Variability correlated to the number of repeats but not to the absolute length of the microsatellite region. The different marker classes were combined with two different measures of genetic distance in order to investigate the performance of markers and evolutionary models for the study of genetic variation in natural populations of Norway spruce. Weir and Cockeram's F-ST generally performed better in this clear-cut, four-population model study. Chloroplast haplotypes turned out to be the most sensitive marker system, being able to differentiate populations and to detect differences in genetic variability between sub-regions. |
| Address |
INRA, UMR ECOFOG, Kourou 97387, French Guiana, Email: ivan.scotti@kourou.cirad.fr |
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| Publisher |
EDP SCIENCES S A |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
1286-4560 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
ISI:000240514800005 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
177 |
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| Author |
Baraloto, C.; Bonal, D.; Goldberg, D.E. |
| Title |
Differential seedling growth response to soil resource availability among nine neotropical tree species |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Journal of Tropical Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Trop. Ecol. |
| Volume |
22 |
Issue |
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Pages |
487-497 |
| Keywords |
biomass allocation; Dicorynia; drought stress; Eperua; French Guiana; Goupia; Jacaranda; plasticity; Qualea; Recordorylon; relative growth rate; Sextonia; soil phosphorus; specific leaf area; Virola |
| Abstract |
Although the potential contribution to tropical tree species coexistence of niche differentiation along light gradients has received much attention, the degree to which species perform differentially along soil resource gradients remains unclear. To examine differential growth response to soil resources, we grew seedlings of nine tropical tree species at 6.0% of full sun for 12 mo in a factorial design of two soil types (clay and white sand), two phosphate fertilization treatments (control and addition of 100 mg P kg(-1)) and two watering treatments (field capacity and water limitation to one-third field capacity). Species differed markedly in biomass growth rate, but this hierarchy was almost completely conserved across all eight treatments. All species grew more slowly in sand than clay soils. and no species grew faster with phosphate additions. Only Eperua grandiflora and E. falcata showed significant growth increases in the absence of water limitation. Faster-growing species were characterized by high specific leaf area, high leaf allocation and high net assimilation rate but not lower root allocation. Slower-growing species exhibited greater plasticity in net assimilation rate. suggesting that tolerance of edaphic stress in these species is related more to stomatal control than to whole-plant carbon allocation. Although relative growth rate for biomass was correlated with both its physiological and morphological components. interspecific differences were best explained by differences in net assimilation rate across six of the eight treatments. A suite of traits including high assimilation and high specific leaf area maintains rapid growth rate of faster-growing species across a wide gradient of soil resources, but the lack of plasticity they exhibit may compromise their survival in the poorest soil environments. |
| Address |
Univ Michigan, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA, Email: baraloto.c@kourou.cirad.fr |
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| Publisher |
CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0266-4674 |
ISBN |
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| Notes |
ISI:000239975200001 |
Approved |
no |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
178 |
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| Author |
Epron, D.; Bosc, A.; Bonal, D.; Freycon, V. |
| Title |
Spatial variation of soil respiration across a topographic gradient in a tropical rain forest in French Guiana |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Journal of Tropical Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Trop. Ecol. |
| Volume |
22 |
Issue |
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Pages |
565-574 |
| Keywords |
acrisol; carbon balance; carbon flux; gleysol; root biomass |
| Abstract |
The objective of this study was to analyse the factors explaining spatial variation in soil respiration over topographic transects in a tropical rain forest of French Guiana. The soil of 30 plots along six transects was characterized. The appearance of the 'dry to the touch' character at a depth of less than 1.2 m was used to discriminate soils exhibiting vertical drainage from soils exhibiting superficial lateral drainage and along with colour and texture, to define five classes from well-drained to strongly hydromorphic soils. Spatial variation in soil respiration was closely related to topographic position and soil type. Increasing soil water content and bulk density and decreasing root biomass and soil carbon content explained most of the decrease in soil respiration from the plateaux (vertically drained hypoferralic acrisol) to the bottomlands (haplic gleysol). These results will help to stratify further field experiments and to identify the underlying determinants of spatial variation in soil respiration to develop mechanistic models of soil respiration. |
| Address |
Univ Nancy 1, UMR 1137, INRA, UHP Ecol & Ecophysiol Forestieres,Fac Sci, F-54506 Vandoeuvre Les Nancy, France, Email: Daniel.Epron@scbiol.uhp-nancy.fr |
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CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS |
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Edition |
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0266-4674 |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
ISI:000239975200008 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
179 |
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| Author |
Degen, B.; Blanc, L.; Caron, H.; Maggia, L.; Kremer, A.; Gourlet-Fleury, S. |
| Title |
Impact of selective logging on genetic composition and demographic structure of four tropical tree species |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Biological Conservation |
Abbreviated Journal |
Biol. Conserv. |
| Volume |
131 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
386-401 |
| Keywords |
demography; genetic diversity; logging; phenology; pollen and seed dispersal; simulation; trees; tropics |
| Abstract |
Over-exploitation and fragmentation are serious problems for tropical forests. Most sustainable forest management practices avoid clear-cuts and apply selective logging systems focused on a few commercial species. We applied a simulation model to estimate the impact of such selective logging scenarios on the genetic diversity and demography of four tropical tree species from French Guiana. The simulations used data on genetic and demographic composition, growth, phenology and pollen and seed dispersal obtained for Dicorynia guianensis, Sextonia rubra, Symphonia globulifera and Vouacapoua americana at the experimental site in Paracou. Whereas Symphonia globulifera serves as a model for a species with low logging pressure, the other three species represent the most exploited tree species in French Guiana. In simulations with moderate logging, typical for French Guiana, with large cutting diameter (> 60 cm diameter) and long cutting cycles (65 years), the two species V. americana and Sextonia rubra were not able to recover their initial stock at the end of the rotation period, with a large decrease in the number of individuals and in basal area. Under a more intensive logging system (cutting diameter > 45 cm diameter, cutting cycles of 30 years) that is common practice in the Brazilian Amazon, only Symphonia globulifera showed no negative impact. Generally, the differences between the genetic parameters in the control scenarios without logging and the logging scenarios were surprisingly small. The main reasons for this were the overlapping of generations and the effective dispersal ability of gene vectors in all species, which guarantee relative homogeneity of the genetic structure in different age classes. Nevertheless, decreasing the population size by logging reduced the number of genotypes and caused higher genetic distances between the original population and the population at the end of the logging cycles. Sensitivity analysis showed that genetic changes in the logging scenarios were principally determined by the growth, densities and cutting diameter of each species, and only to a very small extent by the reproductive system including factors such as pollen and seed dispersal and flowering phenology. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. |
| Address |
BFH, Inst Forstgenet & Forstpflanzenzuchtung, D-22927 Grosshansdorf, Germany, Email: b.degen@holz.uni-hamburg.de |
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| Publisher |
ELSEVIER SCI LTD |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0006-3207 |
ISBN |
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| Notes |
ISI:000239139400004 |
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no |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
180 |
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