Records |
Author |
Scotti, I.; Paglia, G.; Magni, F.; Morgante, M. |
Title |
Population genetics of Norway spruce (Picea abies Karst.) at regional scale: sensitivity of different microsatellite motif classes in detecting differentiation |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Annals of Forest Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ann. For. Sci. |
Volume |
63 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
485-491 |
Keywords |
conifers; SSR; divergence; statistical testing; genetic distance |
Abstract |
Four populations of Norway spruce (Picea abies Karst.) were screened using nine nuclear microsatellite markers (three trinucleotides and six dinucleotides) and four chloroplast markers (all mononucleotides). Marker classes were compared for their variability, mutation rate and ability to detect differentiation between stands. Dinucleotide markers proved to be the most variable group and chloroplast stretches the least variable, with differences in mutation rate between the former and the latter spanning over two orders of magnitude. Variability correlated to the number of repeats but not to the absolute length of the microsatellite region. The different marker classes were combined with two different measures of genetic distance in order to investigate the performance of markers and evolutionary models for the study of genetic variation in natural populations of Norway spruce. Weir and Cockeram's F-ST generally performed better in this clear-cut, four-population model study. Chloroplast haplotypes turned out to be the most sensitive marker system, being able to differentiate populations and to detect differences in genetic variability between sub-regions. |
Address |
INRA, UMR ECOFOG, Kourou 97387, French Guiana, Email: ivan.scotti@kourou.cirad.fr |
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EDP SCIENCES S A |
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ISSN |
1286-4560 |
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ISI:000240514800005 |
Approved |
no |
Call Number |
EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
177 |
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Author |
Clair, B.; Almeras, T.; Sugiyama, J. |
Title |
Compression stress in opposite wood of angiosperms: observations in chestnut, mani and poplar |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Annals of Forest Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ann. For. Sci. |
Volume |
63 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
507-510 |
Keywords |
reaction wood; compression wood; tension wood; opposite wood; plant biomechanics; growth stresses; microfibrils angle |
Abstract |
In order to face environmental constraints, trees are able to re-orient their axes by controlling the stress level in the newly formed wood layers. Angiosperms and gymnosperms evolved into two distinct mechanisms: the former produce a wood with large tension pre-stress on the upper side of the tilted axis, while the latter produce a wood with large compression pre-stress on the lower side. In both cases, the difference between this stress level and that of the opposite side, in light tension, generates the bending of the axis. However, light values of compression were sometimes measured in the opposite side of angiosperms. By analysing old data on chestnut and mani and new data on poplar, this study shows that these values were not measurement artefacts. This reveals that generating light compression stress in opposite wood contributes to improve the performance of the re-orientation mechanism. |
Address |
Kyoto Univ, Res Inst Sustainable Humanosphere, Lab Biomass Morphogenesis & Informat, Uji, Kyoto 6110011, Japan, Email: clair@lmgc.univ-montp2.fr |
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EDP SCIENCES S A |
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ISSN |
1286-4560 |
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ISI:000240514800008 |
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no |
Call Number |
EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
223 |
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Author |
Clair, B.; Ruelle, J.; Beauchene, J.; Prevost, M.F.; Fournier, M. |
Title |
Tension wood and opposite wood in 21 tropical rain forest species 1. Occurrence and efficiency of the G-layer |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2006 |
Publication |
IAWA Journal |
Abbreviated Journal |
IAWA J. |
Volume |
27 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
329-338 |
Keywords |
gelatinous layer; G-layer; French Guyana; tropical rain forest; tension wood; wood anatomy |
Abstract |
Wood samples were taken from the upper and lower sides of 21 naturally tilted trees from 18 families of angiosperms in the tropical rain forest in French Guyana. The measurement of growth stresses ensured that the two samples were taken from wood tissues in a different mechanical state: highly tensile stressed wood on the upper side, called tension wood, and lower tensile stressed wood on the lower side, called opposite wood. Eight species had tension wood fibres with a distinct gelatinous layer (G-layer). The distribution of gelatinous fibres varied from species to species. One of the species, Casearia javitensis (Flacourtiaceae), showed a peculiar multilayered secondary wall in its reaction wood. Comparison between the stress level and the occurrence of the G-layer indicates that the G-layer is not a key factor in the production of high tensile stressed wood. |
Address |
UAG, INRA, ENGREF, CIRAD CNRS,ECOFOG,UMR Ecol Forets Guyane, F-97379 Kourou, Guyana, Email: clair@lmgc.univ-montp2.fr |
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Publisher |
INT ASSOC WOOD ANATOMISTS |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0928-1541 |
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ISI:000240542400008 |
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no |
Call Number |
EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
176 |
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Author |
Almeras, T.; Yoshida, M.; Okuyama, T. |
Title |
The generation of longitudinal maturation stress in wood is not dependent on diurnal changes in diameter of trunk |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Journal of Wood Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Wood Sci. |
Volume |
52 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
452-455 |
Keywords |
maturation stress; growth stress; cell-wall maturation; continuous lighting; diurnal strains |
Abstract |
A hypothetical mechanism for the generation of maturation stress in wood was tested experimentally. The hypothesis was that the maturation stress could partly originate in a physical mechanism related to daily changes in water pressure and associated diurnal strains. The matrix of lignin and hemicellulose, deposited in the cell wall during the night, would be put in compression by the effect of water tension during the next day. The cellulose framework, crystallizing during the day, would be put in tension by the decrease in tension at night and subsequent cell-wall swelling. This was tested on young saplings of sugi and beech. Half of the saplings were submitted to continuous lighting, which canceled diurnal strains. Saplings were tilted 40 degrees, and their uprighting movement was measured. The uprighting movement is directly due to the production of reaction wood and the concomitant development of large longitudinal maturation stress. It occurred in the continuously lighted plants at least as much as in control plants. We conclude that the generation of longitudinal maturation stress in tension or compression wood is not directly related to variations in water pressure and diurnal strains. |
Address |
Nagoya Univ, Grad Sch Bioagr Sci, Lab Biomat Phys, Chikusa Ku, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan, Email: t_almeras@hotmail.com |
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Publisher |
SPRINGER TOKYO |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
1435-0211 |
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ISI:000241010600012 |
Approved |
no |
Call Number |
EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
222 |
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Author |
Duminil, J.; Caron, H.; Scotti, I.; Cazal, S.O.; Petit, R.J. |
Title |
Blind population genetics survey of tropical rainforest trees |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Molecular Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Mol. Ecol. |
Volume |
15 |
Issue |
12 |
Pages |
3505-3513 |
Keywords |
Bayesian assignment tests; genetic diversity; geographical structure; South America; species delimitation |
Abstract |
Rainforest tree species can be difficult to identify outside of their period of reproduction. Vascular tissues from Carapa spp. individuals were collected during a short field trip in French Guiana and analysed in the laboratory with nuclear and chloroplast markers. Using a Bayesian approach, > 90% of the samples could be assigned to one of two distinct clusters corresponding to previously described species, making it possible to estimate the genetic structure of each species and to identify cases of introgression. We argue that this blind procedure represents a first-choice rather than a fallback option whenever related taxa are investigated. |
Address |
INRA, UMR Biodivers Genes & Ecosyst, F-33612 Cestas, France, Email: caron@pierroton.inra.fr |
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Publisher |
BLACKWELL PUBLISHING |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0962-1083 |
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ISI:000241157400002 |
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no |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
175 |
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Author |
Scotti, I.; Delph, L.F. |
Title |
Selective trade-offs and sex-chromosome evolution in Silene latifolia |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Evolution |
Abbreviated Journal |
Evolution |
Volume |
60 |
Issue |
9 |
Pages |
1793-1800 |
Keywords |
antagonistic genes; linkage map; quantitative trait loci; sex-specific expression; Y chromosome |
Abstract |
Alleles of sexually antagonistic genes (i.e., genes with alleles affecting fitness in opposite directions in the two sexes) can avoid expression in the sex to which they are detrimental via two processes: they are subsumed into the nonrecombining, sex-determining portion of the sex chromosomes or they evolve sex-limited expression. The former is considered more likely and leads to Y-chromosome degeneration. We mapped quantitative trait loci of major effect for sexually dimorphic traits of Silene latifolia to the recombining portions of the sex chromosomes and found them to exhibit sex-specific expression, with the Y chromosome in males controlling a relatively larger proportion of genetic variance than the X in females and the average autosome. Both reproductive and ecophysiological traits map to the recombining region of the sex chromosomes. We argue that genetic correlations among traits maintain recombination and polymorphism for these genes because of balancing selection in males, whereas sex-limited expression represses detrimental alleles in females. Our data suggest that the Y chromosome of S. latifolia plays a major role in the control of key metabolic activities beyond reproductive functions. |
Address |
Indiana Univ, Dept Biol, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA, Email: ivan.scotti@kourou.cirad.fr |
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Publisher |
SOC STUDY EVOLUTION |
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ISSN |
0014-3820 |
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ISI:000241226800005 |
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no |
Call Number |
EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
174 |
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Author |
Bertani, S.; Houel, E.; Stien, D.; Chevolot, L.; Jullian, V.; Garavito, G.; Bourdy, G.; Deharo, E. |
Title |
Simalikalactone D is responsible for the antimalarial properties of an amazonian traditional remedy made with Quassia amara L. (Simaroubaceae) |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Journal of Ethnopharmacology |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Ethnopharmacol. |
Volume |
108 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
155-157 |
Keywords |
antimalarial; Quassia amara; quassinoids; simalikalactone D; traditional medicine |
Abstract |
French Guiana (North-East Amazonia) records high malaria incidence rates. The traditional antimalarial remedy most widespread there is a simple tea made out from Quassia amara L. leaves (Simaroubaceae). This herbal tea displays an excellent antimalarial activity both in vitro and in vivo. A known quassinoid, simalikalactone D (SkD), was identified as the active compound, with an IC50 value of 10 nM against FeB1 Plasmodium falciparum chloroquine resistant strain in vitro. Lastly, it inhibits 50% of Plasmodium yoelii yoelii rodent malaria parasite at 3.7 mg/kg/day in vivo by oral route. These findings confirm the traditional use of this herbal tea. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. |
Address |
Univ Toulouse 3, UMR 152, Ctr IRD, F-97323 Cayenne, French Guiana, Email: deharo@cayenne.ird.fr |
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Publisher |
ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD |
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ISSN |
0378-8741 |
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ISI:000241573000023 |
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no |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
173 |
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Author |
Bandou, E.; Lebailly, F.; Muller, F.; Dulormne, M.; Toribio, A.; Chabrol, J.; Courtecuisse, R.; Plenchette, C.; Prin, Y.; Duponnois, R.; Thiao, M.; Sylla, S.; Dreyfus, B.; Ba, A.M. |
Title |
The ectomycorrhizal fungus Scleroderma bermudense alleviates salt stress in seagrape (Coccoloba uvifera L.) seedlings |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Mycorrhiza |
Abbreviated Journal |
Mycorrhiza |
Volume |
16 |
Issue |
8 |
Pages |
559-565 |
Keywords |
Coccoloba uvifera; ectomycorrhizal dependency; mineral uptake; salt stress; water status |
Abstract |
The purpose of this study was to test the capacity of the ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungus, Scleroderma bermudense, to alleviate saline stress in seagrape (Coccoloba uvifera L.) seedlings. Plants were grown over a range (0, 200, 350 and 500 mM) of NaCl levels for 12 weeks, after 4 weeks of non-saline pre-treatment under greenhouse conditions. Growth and mineral nutrition of the seagrape seedlings were stimulated by S. bermudense regardless of salt stress. Although ECM colonization was reduced with increasing NaCl levels, ECM dependency of seagrape seedlings increased. Tissues of ECM plants had significantly increased concentrations of P and K but lower Na and Cl concentrations than those of non-ECM plants. Higher K concentrations in the leaves of ECM plants suggested a higher osmoregulating capacity of these plants. Moreover, the water status of ECM plants was improved despite their higher evaporative leaf surface. The results suggest that the reduction in Na and Cl uptake together with a concomitant increase in P and K absorption and a higher water status in ECM plants may be important salt-alleviating mechanisms for seagrape seedlings growing in saline soils. |
Address |
Univ Antilles Guyane, Fac Sci Exactes & Nat, Lab Biol & Physiol Vegetales, F-97159 Guadeloupe, France, Email: amadou.ba@univ-ag.fr |
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Publisher |
SPRINGER |
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ISSN |
0940-6360 |
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ISI:000241687200006 |
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no |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
221 |
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Author |
Rahali, H.; Stien, D. |
Title |
Highly-loaded amphiphilic polyimino resin: quench reagent and solid support for peptide synthesis |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Tetrahedron Letters |
Abbreviated Journal |
Tetrahedron Lett. |
Volume |
47 |
Issue |
47 |
Pages |
8205-8207 |
Keywords |
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Abstract |
We demonstrate herein that polyimino resin 4a prepared by condensation of alpha,alpha'-dichloro-p-xylene, ethylenediamine and tris-(2-aminoethyl)-amine can be successfully exploited as a quench reagent for acids and electrophiles both in aqueous and organic solutions. Scope and limitations of such a resin as a solid support for peptide synthesis were also investigated. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. |
Address |
CNRS, UMR Ecofog, Inst Enseignement Super Guyane, F-97337 Cayenne, France, Email: didier.stien@guyane.cnrs.fr |
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Publisher |
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD |
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ISSN |
0040-4039 |
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ISI:000241910200002 |
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no |
Call Number |
EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
172 |
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Author |
Ruelle, J.; Clair, B.; Beauchene, J.; Prevost, M.F.; Fournier, M. |
Title |
Tension wood and opposite wood in 21 tropical rain forest species 2. Comparison of some anatomical and ultrastructural criteria |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2006 |
Publication |
IAWA Journal |
Abbreviated Journal |
IAWA J. |
Volume |
27 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
341-376 |
Keywords |
tension wood; opposite wood; tropical rain forest; vessels; wood anatomy; wood fibre |
Abstract |
The anatomy of tension wood and opposite wood was compared in 21 tropical rain forest trees from 21 species belonging to 18 families from French Guyana. Wood specimens were taken from the upper and lower sides of naturally tilted trees. Measurement of the growth stress level ensured that the two samples were taken from wood tissues in a different mechanical state: highly tensile-stressed wood on the upper side, called tension wood and normally tensile-stressed wood on the lower side, called opposite wood. Quantitative parameters relating to fibres and vessels were measured on transverse sections of both tension and opposite wood to check if certain criteria can easily discriminate the two kinds of wood. We observed a decrease in the frequency of vessels in the tension wood in all the trees studied. Other criteria concerning shape and surface area of the vessels, fibre diameter or cell wall thickness did not reveal any general trend. At the ultrastructural level, we observed that the microfibril angle in the tension wood sample was lower than in opposite wood in all the trees except one (Licania membranacea). |
Address |
UAG, ENGREF,UMR Ecol Forets Guyane, INRA,ECOFOG, CIRAD,CNRS, F-97379 Kourou, Guyana, Email: ruelle_j@kourou.cirad.fr |
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Publisher |
INT ASSOC WOOD ANATOMISTS |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0928-1541 |
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ISI:000242437400001 |
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no |
Call Number |
EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
171 |
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