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Chave, J.; Navarrete, D.; Almeida, S.; Alvarez, E.; Aragao, L.E.O.C.; Bonal, D.; Chatelet, P.; Silva-Espejo, J.E.; Goret, J.Y.; von Hildebrand, P.; Jimenez, E.; Patino, S.; Penuela, M.C.; Phillips, O.L.; Stevenson, P.; Malhi, Y. |
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Title |
Regional and seasonal patterns of litterfall in tropical South America |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2010 |
Publication |
Biogeosciences |
Abbreviated Journal |
Biogeosciences |
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Volume  |
7 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
43-55 |
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Abstract |
The production of aboveground soft tissue represents an important share of total net primary production in tropical rain forests. Here we draw from a large number of published and unpublished datasets (n=81 sites) to assess the determinants of litterfall variation across South American tropical forests. We show that across old-growth tropical rainforests, litterfall averages 8.61 +/- 1.91 Mg ha(-1) yr(-1) (mean +/- standard deviation, in dry mass units). Secondary forests have a lower annual litterfall than old-growth tropical forests with a mean of 8.01 +/- 3.41 Mg ha(-1) yr(-1). Annual litterfall shows no significant variation with total annual rainfall, either globally or within forest types. It does not vary consistently with soil type, except in the poorest soils (white sand soils), where litterfall is significantly lower than in other soil types (5.42 +/- 1.91 Mg ha(-1) yr(-1)). We also study the determinants of litterfall seasonality, and find that it does not depend on annual rainfall or on soil type. However, litterfall seasonality is significantly positively correlated with rainfall seasonality. Finally, we assess how much carbon is stored in reproductive organs relative to photosynthetic organs. Mean leaf fall is 5.74 +/- 1.83 Mg ha(-1) yr(-1) (71% of total litterfall). Mean allocation into reproductive organs is 0.69 +/- 0.40 Mg ha(-1) yr(-1) (9% of total litterfall). The investment into reproductive organs divided by leaf litterfall increases with soil fertility, suggesting that on poor soils, the allocation to photosynthetic organs is prioritized over that to reproduction. Finally, we discuss the ecological and biogeochemical implications of these results. |
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[Chave, J.] CNRS UPS, Lab Evolut & Divers Biol, UMR 5174, Toulouse, France, Email: chave@cict.fr |
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COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH |
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1726-4170 |
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ISI:000274058100004 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
70 |
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Author |
Chevolot, M.; Louisanna, E.; Azri, W.; Leblanc-Fournier, N.; Roeckel-Drevet, P.; Scotti-Saintagne, C.; Scotti, I. |
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Title |
Isolation of primers for candidate genes for mechano-sensing in five Neotropical tree species |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Tree Genetics & Genomes |
Abbreviated Journal |
Tree Genet. Genomes |
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Volume |
7 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
655-661 |
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Keywords |
Population genomics; Functional gene; Mechanical signals; Fabaceae |
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Abstract |
Mechanical signals have an impact on plant development. Tropical rainforest trees display large variability for life-history traits related to biomechanics and therefore are a unique study system to better understand biomechanical trait variability from an evolutionary perspective. From sequences and gene expression data available in model species, we developed specific primers for six candidate genes for mechano-sensing in five tropical species. Most of the gene sequences were polymorphic in most species. |
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[Chevolot, Malia; Louisanna, Eliane; Scotti-Saintagne, Caroline; Scotti, Ivan] INRA, Unite Mixte Rech Ecol Forets Guyane, Kourou 97310, French Guiana, Email: ivan.scotti@ecofog.gf |
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Springer Heidelberg |
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1614-2942 |
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ISI:000290571900018 |
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no |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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315 |
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Ruiz-Gonzalez, M.X.; Male, P.J.G.; Leroy, C.; Dejean, A.; Gryta, H.; Jargeat, P.; Quilichini, A.; Orivel, J. |
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Title |
Specific, non-nutritional association between an ascomycete fungus and Allomerus plant-ants |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Biology Letters |
Abbreviated Journal |
Biol. Lett. |
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Volume |
7 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
475-479 |
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Keywords |
ant-fungus association; Cordia nodosa; Chaetothyriales; Hirtella physophora; myrmecophyte; population structure |
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Abstract |
Ant-fungus associations are well known from attine ants, whose nutrition is based on a symbiosis with basidiomycete fungi. Otherwise, only a few non-nutritional ant-fungus associations have been recorded to date. Here we focus on one of these associations involving Allomerus plant-ants that build galleried structures on their myrmecophytic hosts in order to ambush prey. We show that this association is not opportunistic because the ants select from a monophyletic group of closely related fungal haplotypes of an ascomycete species from the order Chaetothyriales that consistently grows on and has been isolated from the galleries. Both the ants' behaviour and an analysis of the genetic population structure of the ants and the fungus argue for host specificity in this interaction. The ants' behaviour reveals a major investment in manipulating, growing and cleaning the fungus. A molecular analysis of the fungus demonstrates the widespread occurrence of one haplotype and many other haplotypes with a lower occurrence, as well as significant variation in the presence of these fungal haplotypes between areas and ant species. Altogether, these results suggest that such an interaction might represent an as-yet undescribed type of specific association between ants and fungus in which the ants cultivate fungal mycelia to strengthen their hunting galleries. |
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[Leroy, Celine; Dejean, Alain; Quilichini, Angelique; Orivel, Jerome] CNRS, UMR Ecol Forets Guyane 8172, F-97379 Kourou, France, Email: jerome.orivel@ecofog.gf |
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Royal Soc |
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1744-9561 |
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ISI:000290515100044 |
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no |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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317 |
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Author |
Wagner, F.; Rossi, V.; Stahl, C.; Bonal, D.; Herault, B. |
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Title |
Water availability is the main climate driver of neotropical tree growth |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2012 |
Publication |
PLoS ONE |
Abbreviated Journal |
PLoS ONE |
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Volume |
7 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
e34074 |
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Abstract |
Climate models for the coming century predict rainfall reduction in the Amazonian region, including change in water availability for tropical rainforests. Here, we test the extent to which climate variables related to water regime, temperature and irradiance shape the growth trajectories of neotropical trees. We developed a diameter growth model explicitly designed to work with asynchronous climate and growth data. Growth trajectories of 205 individual trees from 54 neotropical species censused every 2 months over a 4-year period were used to rank 9 climate variables and find the best predictive model. About 9% of the individual variation in tree growth was imputable to the seasonal variation of climate. Relative extractable water was the main predictor and alone explained more than 60% of the climate effect on tree growth, i.e. 5.4% of the individual variation in tree growth. Furthermore, the global annual tree growth was more dependent on the diameter increment at the onset of the rain season than on the duration of dry season. The best predictive model included 3 climate variables: relative extractable water, minimum temperature and irradiance. The root mean squared error of prediction (0.035 mm.d -1) was slightly above the mean value of the growth (0.026 mm.d -1). Amongst climate variables, we highlight the predominant role of water availability in determining seasonal variation in tree growth of neotropical forest trees and the need to include these relationships in forest simulators to test, in silico, the impact of different climate scenarios on the future dynamics of the rainforest. © 2012 Wagner et al. |
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INRA, UMR 'Ecologie et Ecophysiologie Forestière', Champenoux, France |
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19326203 (Issn) |
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Export Date: 24 April 2012; Source: Scopus; Art. No.: e34074; doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0034074; Language of Original Document: English; Correspondence Address: Wagner, F.; Université des Antilles et de la Guyane, UMR 'Ecologie des Forêts de Guyane', BP 709, Kourou, France; email: fabien.wagner@ecofog.gf |
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no |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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394 |
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Author |
Barthe, S.; Gugerli, F.; Barkley, N.A.; Maggia, L.; Cardi, C.; Scotti, I. |
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Title |
Always look on both sides: Phylogenetic information conveyed by simple sequence repeat allele sequences |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2012 |
Publication |
PLoS ONE |
Abbreviated Journal |
PLoS ONE |
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Volume |
7 |
Issue |
7 |
Pages |
e40699 |
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Abstract |
Simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers are widely used tools for inferences about genetic diversity, phylogeography and spatial genetic structure. Their applications assume that variation among alleles is essentially caused by an expansion or contraction of the number of repeats and that, accessorily, mutations in the target sequences follow the stepwise mutation model (SMM). Generally speaking, PCR amplicon sizes are used as direct indicators of the number of SSR repeats composing an allele with the data analysis either ignoring the extent of allele size differences or assuming that there is a direct correlation between differences in amplicon size and evolutionary distance. However, without precisely knowing the kind and distribution of polymorphism within an allele (SSR and the associated flanking region (FR) sequences), it is hard to say what kind of evolutionary message is conveyed by such a synthetic descriptor of polymorphism as DNA amplicon size. In this study, we sequenced several SSR alleles in multiple populations of three divergent tree genera and disentangled the types of polymorphisms contained in each portion of the DNA amplicon containing an SSR. The patterns of diversity provided by amplicon size variation, SSR variation itself, insertions/deletions (indels), and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) observed in the FRs were compared. Amplicon size variation largely reflected SSR repeat number. The amount of variation was as large in FRs as in the SSR itself. The former contributed significantly to the phylogenetic information and sometimes was the main source of differentiation among individuals and populations contained by FR and SSR regions of SSR markers. The presence of mutations occurring at different rates within a marker's sequence offers the opportunity to analyse evolutionary events occurring on various timescales, but at the same time calls for caution in the interpretation of SSR marker data when the distribution of within-locus polymorphism is not known. |
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Unité Mixte de Recherche Ecologie des forêts de Guyane, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Kourou, French Guiana |
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19326203 (Issn) |
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Export Date: 30 July 2012; Source: Scopus; Art. No.: e40699; doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0040699; Language of Original Document: English; Correspondence Address: Scotti, I.; Unité Mixte de Recherche Ecologie des forêts de Guyane, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Kourou, French Guiana; email: ivan.scotti@ecofog.gf |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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416 |
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Author |
Thevenin, J.-M.; Rossi, V.; Ducamp, M.; Doare, F.; Condina, V.; Lachenaud, P. |
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Title |
Numerous clones resistant to Phytophthora palmivora in the “Guiana” genetic group of Theobroma cacao L |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2012 |
Publication |
PLoS ONE |
Abbreviated Journal |
PLoS ONE |
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Volume |
7 |
Issue |
7 |
Pages |
e40915 |
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Abstract |
Cocoa black pod rot, a disease caused by Stramenopiles of the genus Phytophthora, and particularly by the pan-tropical species P. palmivora, causes serious production losses worldwide. In order to reduce the impact of these pests and diseases, preference is given to genetic control using resistant varieties and, to that end, breeders seek sources of resistance in wild cocoa trees. For instance, surveys of spontaneous cocoa trees in French Guiana between 1985 and 1995 led to the collection of abundant plant material forming a particular genetic group (the “Guiana” group). Following numerous one-off studies demonstrating the merits of this group as a source of resistance to Phytophthora, this article presents the results of a comprehensive study assessing the resistance of 186 “Guiana” clones in relation to the Guianan strain (GY 27) of P. palmivora. This study, undertaken in French Guiana, using an efficient methodology (ten series of tests and a statistical test adapted to the ordinal nature of the data) confirmed that the “Guiana” genetic group does indeed constitute an important source of resistance to P. palmivora, though with some variations depending on the demes of origin. Numerous clones (59) proved to be as resistant as the SCAVINA 6 resistance control, whilst nine were statistically more resistant. The “Resistant” and “Moderately Resistant” Guianan clones totalled 108 (58% of the total tested). Some of the clones more resistant than SCAVINA 6 could be incorporated into numerous cocoa breeding programmes, particularly those that also display other notable qualities. The same applies for numerous other clones equivalent to SCAVINA 6, especially the “elite”' clones GU 134-B, GU 139-A and GU 285-A. © 2012 Thevenin et al. |
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Address |
CIRAD, UMR BGPI, Montpellier, France |
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19326203 (Issn) |
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Export Date: 16 August 2012; Source: Scopus; Art. No.: e40915; doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0040915; Language of Original Document: English; Correspondence Address: Thevenin, J.-M.; CIRAD, UPR Bioagresseurs: Analyse et Maîtrise du Risque, Kourou, Guyane, France; email: jean-marc.thevenin@cirad.fr |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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423 |
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Zalamea, P.-C.; Heuret, P.; Sarmiento, C.; Rodríguez, M.; Berthouly, A.; Guitet, S.; Nicolini, E.; Delnatte, C.; Barthélémy, D.; Stevenson, P.R. |
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Title |
The genus Cecropia: A biological clock to estimate the age of recently disturbed areas in the neotropics |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2012 |
Publication |
PLoS ONE |
Abbreviated Journal |
PLoS ONE |
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Volume |
7 |
Issue |
8 |
Pages |
e42643 |
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Abstract |
Forest successional processes following disturbance take decades to play out, even in tropical forests. Nonetheless, records of vegetation change in this ecosystem are scarce, increasing the importance of the chronosequence approach to study forest recovery. However, this approach requires accurate dating of secondary forests, which until now was a difficult and/or expensive task. Cecropia is a widespread and abundant pioneer tree genus of the Neotropics. Here we propose and validate a rapid and straightforward method to estimate the age of secondary forest patches based on morphological observations of Cecropia trees. We found that Cecropia-inferred ages were highly correlated with known ages of the forest. We also demonstrate that Cecropia can be used to accurately date disturbances and propose twenty-one species distributed all over the geographical range of the genus as potential secondary forest chronometer species. Our method is limited in applicability by the maximal longevity of Cecropia individuals. Although the oldest chronosequence used in this study was 20 years old, we argue that at least for the first four decades after disturbance, the method described in this study provides very accurate estimations of secondary forest ages. The age of pioneer trees provides not only information needed to calculate the recovery of carbon stocks that would help to improve forest management, but also provides information needed to characterize the initial floristic composition and the rates of species remigration into secondary forest. Our contribution shows how successional studies can be reliably and inexpensively extended without the need to obtain forest ages based on expensive or potentially inaccurate data across the Neotropics. © 2012 Zalamea et al. |
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Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Ancón, Panama |
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19326203 (Issn) |
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Export Date: 29 August 2012; Source: Scopus; Art. No.: e42643; doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0042643; Language of Original Document: English; Correspondence Address: Zalamea, P.-C.; Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Ancón, Panama; email: camilozalamea@gmail.com |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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424 |
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Dejean, A.; Delabie, J.H.; Corbara, B.; Azémar, F.; Groc, S.; Orivel, J.; Leponce, M. |
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Title |
The ecology and feeding habits of the arboreal trap-jawed ant Daceton armigerum |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2012 |
Publication |
PloS one |
Abbreviated Journal |
PLoS ONE |
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Volume |
7 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
e37683 |
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Keywords |
animal; ant; article; ecology; feeding behavior; Hemiptera; physiology; predation; Animals; Ants; Ecology; Feeding Behavior; Hemiptera; Predatory Behavior |
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Here we show that Daceton armigerum, an arboreal myrmicine ant whose workers are equipped with hypertrophied trap-jaw mandibles, is characterized by a set of unexpected biological traits including colony size, aggressiveness, trophobiosis and hunting behavior. The size of one colony has been evaluated at ca. 952,000 individuals. Intra- and interspecific aggressiveness were tested and an equiprobable null model used to show how D. armigerum colonies react vis-à-vis other arboreal ant species with large colonies; it happens that D. armigerum can share trees with certain of these species. As they hunt by sight, workers occupy their hunting areas only during the daytime, but stay on chemical trails between nests at night so that the center of their home range is occupied 24 hours a day. Workers tend different Hemiptera taxa (i.e., Coccidae, Pseudococcidae, Membracidae and Aethalionidae). Through group-hunting, short-range recruitment and spread-eagling prey, workers can capture a wide range of prey (up to 94.12 times the mean weight of foraging workers). |
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Écologie des Forêts de Guyane, Campus Agronomique, Kourou, France. |
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19326203 (Issn) |
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Export Date: 2 November 2012; Source: Scopus; doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0037683; PubMed ID: 22737205; Language of Original Document: English; Correspondence Address: Dejean, A.email: alain.dejean@wanadoo.fr |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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443 |
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Nirma, C.; Rodrigues, A.M.S.; Basset, C.; Chevolot, L.; Girod, R.; Moretti, C.; Stien, D.; Dusfour, I.; Eparvier, V. |
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Title |
Larvicidal activity of isoflavonoids from Muellera frutescens extracts against Aedes aegypti |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2012 |
Publication |
Natural Product Communications |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
7 |
Issue |
10 |
Pages |
1319-1322 |
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Aedes aegypti; French Guiana; Insecticides; Isoflavonoids; Muellera frutescens |
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The biological activity of extracts from the leaves, bark and roots of Muellera frutescens, an Amazonian ichtyotoxic plant, were evaluated to find new environmentally safe insecticides. The n-hexane extracts of bark, leaf, and root showed a strong toxic activity against Aedes aegypti mosquito larvae. Bioguided fractionation of the bark extract led to the isolation of seven isoflavonoids (12a-hydroxyelliptone, elliptone, (-)-variabilin, rotenone, rotenolone, tephrosin and deguelin). Rotenone and deguelin are responsible for the larvicidal activity of the plant. M. frutescens leaves contain up to 0.6%, w/w, deguelin. These results justify the traditional ichtyotoxic use of M. frutescens. The leaves contain a relatively high proportion of deguelin and, therefore, can be considered as a renewable source of this environmentally friendly insecticidal isoflavonoid. |
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CNRS, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, UPR 2301, 1 avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France |
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Export Date: 6 December 2012; Source: Scopus |
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no |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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448 |
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Author |
Mathieu, A.; Letort, V.; Cournède, P.H.; Zhang, B.G.; Heuret, P.; De Reffye, P. |
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Title |
Oscillations in functional structural plant growth models |
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Journal Article |
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2012 |
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Mathematical Modelling of Natural Phenomena |
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7 |
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6 |
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47-66 |
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Cecropia trees; Cucumber plant; Dynamic system of plant growth; Functional-structural plant models; GreenLab |
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Abstract |
The dynamic model of plant growth GreenLab describes plant architecture and functional growth at the level of individual organs. Structural development is controlled by formal grammars and empirical equations compute the amount of biomass produced by the plant, and its partitioning among the growing organs, such as leaves, stems and fruits. The number of organs initiated at each time step depends on the trophic state of the plant, which is evaluated by the ratio of biomass available in plant to the demand of all the organs. The control of the plant organogenesis by this variable induces oscillations in the simulated plant behaviour. The mathematical framework of the GreenLab model allows to compute the conditions for the generation of oscillations and the value of the period according to the set of parameters. Two case-studies are presented, corresponding to emergence of oscillations associated to fructification and branching. Similar alternating patterns are commonly reported by botanists. In this article, two examples were selected: alternate patterns of fruits in cucumber plants and alternate appearances of branches in Cecropia trees. The model was calibrated from experimental data collected on these plants. It shows that a simple feedback hypothesis of trophic control on plant structure allows the emergence of cyclic patterns corresponding to the observed ones. © EDP Sciences, 2012. |
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CIRAD, UMR AMAP, Montpellier, France |
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Notes |
Export Date: 27 December 2012; Source: Scopus |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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452 |
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