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Lachenaud, P.; Rossi, V.; Thevenin, J.-M.; Doaré, F. |
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The “Guiana” genetic group: A new source of resistance to cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) black pod rot caused by Phytophthora capsici |
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Journal Article |
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2015 |
Publication |
Crop Protection |
Abbreviated Journal |
Crop Prot. |
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67 |
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91-95 |
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Black pod; Cocoa; French guiana; Phytophthora capsici; Resistance; Phytophthora capsici; Theobroma cacao |
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Black pod rot, caused by Stramenopiles of the genus Phytophthora, leads to serious production losses in all cocoa growing zones. In order to reduce the impact of these pests, preference is given to genetic control using resistant varieties, and sources of resistance are actively being sought, particularly in wild cacao trees. Surveys were undertaken in the natural cacao tree populations of south-eastern French Guiana between 1985 and 1995 and an abundant amount of plant material belonging to a particular genetic group, the “Guiana” group, was collected. A great deal of work has shown the merits of this genetic group as a source of resistance to Phytophthora palmivora and megakarya. We describe here the results of a global study to assess the resistance of the 186 clones in the “Guiana” group “core collection” to a Guianese strain of Phytophthora capsici (strain Reg 2-6). This study, which used an efficient methodology (fifteen series of tests on leaf discs and a statistical test adapted to the ordinal nature of the basic data), showed that the “Guiana” genetic group is a major source of resistance to P.capsici. Strain Reg 2-6 proves to be particularly virulent, as the Scavina 6 control, an international reference for resistance to Phytophthora, is not resistant to it. However, 24 clones of the “Guiana” group are, and 92 have proved to be more resistant than Scavina 6, thereby showing the interest of the group in genetically controlling P.capsici.Thus, of the clones in the Guiana group that are more resistant to P.capsici than Scavina 6, some, which are also resistant to P.palmivora and/or Phytophthora megakarya, and also displaying some other notable qualities, could be incorporated into cocoa genetic improvement programmes in countries where P.capsici is rife on cacao trees. |
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CIRAD, UPR BSEF, BP 2572Yaoundé, Cameroon |
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Elsevier Ltd |
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02612194 (Issn) |
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Export Date: 12 November 2014; Coden: Crptd; Correspondence Address: Lachenaud, P.; CIRAD, UPR 106, BP 701, France |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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565 |
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Lang, G.; Marcon, E. |
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Title |
Testing randomness of spatial point patterns with the Ripley statistic |
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Journal Article |
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2013 |
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ESAIM: Probability and Statistics |
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ESAIM PS |
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17 |
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767-788 |
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Central limit theorem, goodness-of-fit test, Höffding decomposition, null, point pattern, Poisson process, null |
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Aggregation patterns are often visually detected in sets of location data. These clusters may be the result of interesting dynamics or the effect of pure randomness. We build an asymptotically Gaussian test for the hypothesis of randomness corresponding to a homogeneous Poisson point process. We first compute the exact first and second moment of the Ripley K-statistic under the homogeneous Poisson point process model. Then we prove the asymptotic normality of a vector of such statistics for different scales and compute its covariance matrix. From these results, we derive a test statistic that is chi-square distributed. By a Monte-Carlo study, we check that the test is numerically tractable even for large data sets and also correct when only a hundred of points are observed |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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518 |
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Tritsch, I.; Gond, V.; Oszwald, J.; Davy, D.; Grenand, P. |
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Title |
Territorial dynamics in the wayãpi and teko amerindian communities of the middle oyapock, camopi, French Guiana |
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Journal Article |
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2012 |
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Bois et Forets des Tropiques |
Abbreviated Journal |
Bois Forets Tropiques |
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66 |
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311 |
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49-61 |
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Amerindian populations; French Guiana; Protected area; Slash-and-burn cultivation; System of natural resource use; Territorial management |
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Amerindian populations have been experiencing major socio-economic changes for several decades, in a context of rapid demographic growth. This article addresses the ways in which the Amerindian populations of French Guiana have adapted their land use and natural resource management systems to cope with the pressures exerted on their lands and lifestyles. The aim was to investigate the resilience of their systems for land and natural resource use. The concentration of Amerindian habitats around the town of Camopi, which is linked to the availability of health and school infrastructure and to efforts to promote a sedentary lifestyle, is a factor of increasing natural resource scarcity and social alienation. The system is adapting by fragmenting the Amerindian habitat into peripheral villages and extending farmlands along rivers to access to more space. These villages replicate patterns of spatial organisation that are similar to those found in traditional Wayãpi and Teko villages, except that habitation is sedentary, as families hope to have their villages equipped with at lEast drinking water and electrification. Habitat fragmentation is spatially limited by the time taken for daily journeys to school, and therefore by school bus services (dugout), which means that land use is effectively conditioned by services and infrasrtucture. Other living quarters are maintained at a distance from the village, so that the habitat is bi-local: families have a main home where services and infrastructure are available, and a secondary itinerant home further away, which is chosen according to the quality of farmland, the hunting yield of hunting resources, the history of the location and family networks. These distant homes are kept up by spending income from social assistance on transport. It's thus shown that these Amerindian systems for land and natural resource uses are highly adaptable, in that their sustainability is guaranteed by the reconstruction of a circular pattern of mobility in accordance with the intensity of resource use. |
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Ird Observatoire Hommes-Milieux Oyapock, Cnrs Guyane, 2, avenue Gustave Charlery, 97300 Cayenne, France |
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0006579x (Issn) |
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Export Date: 17 April 2013; Source: Scopus; Language of Original Document: French; Correspondence Address: Tritsch, I.; Université des Antilles et de la Guyane/Cirad, Umr Écologie des forêts de Guyane, Campus agronomique de Kourou, 97310 Kourou, France |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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482 |
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McClure, M.; Chouteau, M.; Dejean, A. |
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Title |
Territorial aggressiveness on the arboreal ant Azteca alfari by Camponotus blandus in French Guiana due to behavioural constraints |
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Journal Article |
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2008 |
Publication |
Comptes Rendus Biologies |
Abbreviated Journal |
C. R. Biol. |
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331 |
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9 |
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663-667 |
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Azteca alfari (Dolichoderinae); Camponotus blandus (Formicinae); foraging; rhythm of activity; territorial aggressiveness |
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This study reports new information on interactions between two sympatric ant species, the plant-ant Azteca alfari (Dolichoderinae) living in association with the myrmecophyte Cecropia obtusa (Cecropiaceae) and Camponotus blandus (Formicinae), a ground-nesting, arboreal-foraging species. Workers of A. alfari forage only on the foliage and the tipper parts of the trunk of their host Cecropia, while C. blandus nests in the ground but frequently forages and patrols pioneer tree foliage, including Cecropia. The activity pattern of A. alfari and the number of C. blandus on Cecropia obtusa was monitored hourly during a two-day period in a disturbed area in French Guiana. The maximum activity of C. blandus occurred between 8:30 and 12:30, at which time A. alfari had retreated within the domatia and were least present on the trunks. Even though aggressive confrontations were observed, C. blandus workers often initiate confrontations but do not prey on A. alfari nor exploit food bodies produced by Cecropia, the principal food source of A. alfari. Hence hostility appears to be the result of territoriality. Differences in their foraging rhythms are proposed as promoting resource and territory partitioning in this ant assemblage. |
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[McClure, Melanie] Concordia Univ, Dept Biol, Montreal, PQ H4B 1R6, Canada, Email: m_mcclur@alcor.concordia.ca |
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ELSEVIER FRANCE-EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER |
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1631-0691 |
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ISI:000259290200004 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
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130 |
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Farjalla, V.F.; González, A.L.; Céréghino, R.; Dezerald, O.; Marino, N.A.C.; Piccoli, G.C.O.; Richardson, B.A.; Richardson, M.J.; Romero, G.Q.; Srivastava, D.S. |
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Title |
Terrestrial support of aquatic food webs depends on light inputs: A geographically-replicated test using tank bromeliads |
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Journal Article |
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2016 |
Publication |
Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ecology |
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97 |
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8 |
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2147-2156 |
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Allochthonous carbon; Allochthony; Aquatic food webs; Autochthonous carbon; Autochthony; Natural microcosms; Stable isotopic analysis; Tank bromeliads; Tropics |
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Food webs of freshwater ecosystems can be subsidized by allochthonous resources. However, it is still unknown which environmental factors regulate the relative consumption of allochthonous resources in relation to autochthonous resources. Here, we evaluated the importance of allochthonous resources (litterfall) for the aquatic food webs in Neotropical tank bromeliads, a naturally replicated aquatic microcosm. Aquatic invertebrates were sampled in more than 100 bromeliads within either open or shaded habitats and within five geographically distinct sites located in four different countries. Using stable isotope analyses, we determined that allochthonous sources comprised 74% (±17%) of the food resources of aquatic invertebrates. However, the allochthonous contribution to aquatic invertebrates strongly decreased from shaded to open habitats, as light incidence increased in the tanks. The density of detritus in the tanks had no impact on the importance of allochthonous sources to aquatic invertebrates. This overall pattern held for all invertebrates, irrespective of the taxonomic or functional group to which they belonged. We concluded that, over a broad geographic range, aquatic food webs of tank bromeliads are mostly allochthonous-based, but the relative importance of allochthonous subsidies decreases when light incidence favors autochthonous primary production. These results suggest that, for other freshwater systems, some of the between-study variation in the importance of allochthonous subsidies may similarly be driven by the relative availability of autochthonous resources. © 2016 by the Ecological Society of America. |
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Department of Animal Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), PO Box 6109, Campinas-SP, Brazil |
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Export Date: 1 September 2016 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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687 |
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Ruelle, J.; Clair, B.; Beauchene, J.; Prevost, M.F.; Fournier, M. |
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Tension wood and opposite wood in 21 tropical rain forest species 2. Comparison of some anatomical and ultrastructural criteria |
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Journal Article |
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2006 |
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IAWA Journal |
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IAWA J. |
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27 |
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4 |
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341-376 |
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tension wood; opposite wood; tropical rain forest; vessels; wood anatomy; wood fibre |
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The anatomy of tension wood and opposite wood was compared in 21 tropical rain forest trees from 21 species belonging to 18 families from French Guyana. Wood specimens were taken from the upper and lower sides of naturally tilted trees. Measurement of the growth stress level ensured that the two samples were taken from wood tissues in a different mechanical state: highly tensile-stressed wood on the upper side, called tension wood and normally tensile-stressed wood on the lower side, called opposite wood. Quantitative parameters relating to fibres and vessels were measured on transverse sections of both tension and opposite wood to check if certain criteria can easily discriminate the two kinds of wood. We observed a decrease in the frequency of vessels in the tension wood in all the trees studied. Other criteria concerning shape and surface area of the vessels, fibre diameter or cell wall thickness did not reveal any general trend. At the ultrastructural level, we observed that the microfibril angle in the tension wood sample was lower than in opposite wood in all the trees except one (Licania membranacea). |
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UAG, ENGREF,UMR Ecol Forets Guyane, INRA,ECOFOG, CIRAD,CNRS, F-97379 Kourou, Guyana, Email: ruelle_j@kourou.cirad.fr |
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INT ASSOC WOOD ANATOMISTS |
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0928-1541 |
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ISI:000242437400001 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
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171 |
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Clair, B.; Ruelle, J.; Beauchene, J.; Prevost, M.F.; Fournier, M. |
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Tension wood and opposite wood in 21 tropical rain forest species 1. Occurrence and efficiency of the G-layer |
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Journal Article |
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2006 |
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IAWA Journal |
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IAWA J. |
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27 |
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3 |
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329-338 |
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gelatinous layer; G-layer; French Guyana; tropical rain forest; tension wood; wood anatomy |
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Wood samples were taken from the upper and lower sides of 21 naturally tilted trees from 18 families of angiosperms in the tropical rain forest in French Guyana. The measurement of growth stresses ensured that the two samples were taken from wood tissues in a different mechanical state: highly tensile stressed wood on the upper side, called tension wood, and lower tensile stressed wood on the lower side, called opposite wood. Eight species had tension wood fibres with a distinct gelatinous layer (G-layer). The distribution of gelatinous fibres varied from species to species. One of the species, Casearia javitensis (Flacourtiaceae), showed a peculiar multilayered secondary wall in its reaction wood. Comparison between the stress level and the occurrence of the G-layer indicates that the G-layer is not a key factor in the production of high tensile stressed wood. |
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UAG, INRA, ENGREF, CIRAD CNRS,ECOFOG,UMR Ecol Forets Guyane, F-97379 Kourou, Guyana, Email: clair@lmgc.univ-montp2.fr |
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INT ASSOC WOOD ANATOMISTS |
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0928-1541 |
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ISI:000240542400008 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
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176 |
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Rodríguez-Pérez, H.; Hilaire, S.; Mesléard, F. |
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Temporary pond ecosystem functioning shifts mediated by the exotic red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii): a mesocosm study |
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Journal Article |
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2016 |
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Hydrobiologia |
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Hydrobiologia |
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767 |
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1 |
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333-345 |
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Ecosystem functioning; Exotic crayfish; Procambarus clarkii; Temporary pond |
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Temporary ponds, acknowledged for their conservation value, are colonized by the invasive crayfish Procambarus clarkii. We have tested the consequences of this colonization for the ecosystem under two contrasted scenarios: one single individual arrival or three individuals arrival. We recreated the temporary pond ecosystem in 1 m2 tanks to investigate the impact of the two crayfish densities. We studied the macrophyte community composition and abundance, chlorophyll a and total suspended solids concentrations, and the diversity and functional composition of micro-crustacean and macro-invertebrate communities. We observed a reduction of macrophyte biomass in experimental crayfish mesocosms in comparison with control tanks, nearly 80 and 40% less in 3 and 1 crayfish/m2 tanks, respectively. The macrophyte community shifted, followed by a filamentous algae development, an increase of bare sediment and turbidity in crayfish tanks. The macro-invertebrate community suffered a richness loss of 28 and 22%, in 3 and 1 crayfish/m2 tanks, respectively. Functionally, macro-invertebrate diversity reduction most strongly affected the grazer, detritivore and predator trophic groups. Microcrustaceans seemed not to be affected by the introduction of the crayfish. The introduction of the crayfish greatly altered the ecosystem structure and subsequently the ecosystem functioning. © 2015, Springer International Publishing Switzerland. |
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EcoFoG, Ecologie des Forêts de Guyane, CNRS UMR 8172, Campus Agronomique, BP 316, Kourou Cedex, France |
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Export Date: 8 February 2016 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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655 |
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Hamadi, A.; Borderies, P.; Albinet, C.; Koleck, T.; Villard, L.; Ho Tong Minh, D.; Le Toan, T.; Burban, B. |
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Temporal coherence of tropical forests at P-band: Dry and rainy seasons |
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Journal Article |
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2015 |
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IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters |
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IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Lett. |
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12 |
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3 |
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557-561 |
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Biomass mission; forest scattering; ground-based experiment; P-band; range impulse response; temporal coherence |
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In this letter, the temporal coherence of tropical forest scattering at P-band is addressed by means of a ground-based experiment. The study is based on the TropiScat campaign in French Guiana, designed to support the Biomass mission, which will be the ESA 7th Earth Explorer mission. For Biomass, temporal coherence is a crucial parameter for coherent processing of polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (SAR) interferometry and SAR tomography in repeat-pass acquisitions. During the experiment, data were continuously collected for six months during both the rainy and dry seasons. For the rain-free days in both seasons, the coherence exhibits a daily cycle showing a high decorrelation during daytime, which is likely due to motion in the canopy. Up to a 20-day baseline, the coherence is much higher in the dry season than in the rainy season (> 0.8). From 20 to 40 days, it presents the same order of magnitude in both seasons [0.6, 0.7]. For larger temporal baselines, it becomes lower in the dry season. The results can be used to assess the long-term coherence of repeat-pass observations over a tropical forest. However, an extension of this study to several years and over other forest spots would be necessary to draw more general conclusions. |
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EcoFogKourou, France |
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Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc. |
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1545598x (Issn) |
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Export Date: 21 October 2014; Correspondence Address: Hamadi, A.; Centre d'Etudes Spatiales de la BiosphèreFrance; Funding Details: ESA, European Space Agency |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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563 |
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Dezerald, O.; Céréghino, R.; Corbara, B.; Dejean, A.; Leroy, C. |
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Temperature: Diet Interactions Affect Survival through Foraging Behavior in a Bromeliad-Dwelling Predator |
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Journal Article |
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2015 |
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Biotropica |
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Biotropica |
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47 |
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5 |
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569-578 |
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Toxorhynchites haemorrhoidalis; Biocontrol agent; Development; French Guiana; Selective feeding behavior; Tank bromeliad |
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Abstract |
Temperature, food quantity and quality play important roles in insect growth and survival, influencing population dynamics as well as interactions with other community members. However, the interaction between temperature and diet and its ecological consequences have been poorly documented. Toxorhynchites are well-known biocontrol agents for container-inhabiting mosquito larvae. We found that Toxorhynchites haemorrhoidalis larvae (Diptera: Culicidae) inhabiting water-filled rosettes of tank bromeliads catch and eat prey of both aquatic (mosquito larvae) and terrestrial origin (ants), using distinct predatory methods. They carried out frontal attacks on ants, but ambushed mosquito larvae. In choice tests, T. haemorrhoidalis favored terrestrial prey. Temperature had a significant effect on predator development and survival through its interaction with diet, but did not alter the preference for ants. T. haemorrhoidalis larvae emerged quickly when fed only mosquito larvae, whereas all individuals died before pupation when fed only ants. We conclude that behavioral factors (i.e., attraction to ants that disturb the surface of the water) overtake physiological factors (i.e., the adverse outcome of elevated temperature and an ant-based diet) in determining a predator's response to temperature:diet interactions. Finally, because T. haemorrhoidalis larvae preferentially feed on terrestrial insects in tank bromeliads, mosquito larvae may indirectly benefit from predation release. © 2015 Association for Tropical Biology and Conservation Inc. |
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UMR AMAP (botAnique et Modelisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des vegetations), IRD, Boulevard de la Lironde, TA A-51/PS2, Montpellier Cedex 5, France |
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Export Date: 17 September 2015 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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624 |
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