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Dejean, A.; Compin, A.; Leponce, M.; Azémar, F.; Bonhomme, C.; Talaga, S.; Pelozuelo, L.; Hénaut, Y.; Corbara, B. |
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Ants impact the composition of the aquatic macroinvertebrate communities of a myrmecophytic tank bromeliad |
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2018 |
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Comptes Rendus Biologies |
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341 |
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3 |
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200-207 |
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Aquatic macroinvertebrates; Ant-plant relationships; Diversity; Food webs; Tank bromeliads; Macro-invertébrés aquatiques; Relations plantes-fourmis; Diversité; Réseaux trophiques; Broméliacées à réservoirs |
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In an inundated Mexican forest, 89 out of 92 myrmecophytic tank bromeliads (Aechmea bracteata) housed an associated ant colony: 13 sheltered Azteca serica, 43 Dolichoderus bispinosus, and 33 Neoponera villosa. Ant presence has a positive impact on the diversity of the aquatic macroinvertebrate communities (n=30 bromeliads studied). A Principal Component Analysis (PCA) showed that the presence and the species of ant are not correlated to bromeliad size, quantity of water, number of wells, filtered organic matter or incident radiation. The PCA and a generalized linear model showed that the presence of Azteca serica differed from the presence of the other two ant species or no ants in its effects on the aquatic invertebrate community (more predators). Therefore, both ant presence and species of ant affect the composition of the aquatic macroinvertebrate communities in the tanks of A. bracteata, likely due to ant deposition of feces and other waste in these tanks. Résumé Dans une forêt inondable du Mexique, sur 92 individus de la broméliacée myrmécophyte Aechmea bracteata, seuls trois étaient dépourvus d’une colonie de fourmis, 13 abritaient Azteca serica, 43 Dolichoderus bispinosus et 33 Neoponera villosa. La présence des fourmis favorise la diversité au sein des communautés aquatiques de macro-invertébrés (30 broméliacées étudiées, index de Shannon, profils de diversité). Une analyse en composantes principales (ACP) montre que la présence de fourmis n’est pas corrélée avec la taille de la plante, la quantité d’eau, le nombre de puits, la quantité de matière organique et la radiation incidente. L’ACP et un modèle mixte généralisé montrent un impact d’Azteca serica (comparé aux autres cas) attribuable à une plus grande quantité de prédateurs (effet top–down). La présence et l’identité des fourmis jouent un rôle sur la composition des communautés de macro-invertébrés aquatiques à travers des interactions directes, les ouvrières évacuant fèces et déchets dans les réservoirs. |
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1631-0691 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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821 |
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Imbert, D. |
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Hurricane disturbance and forest dynamics in east Caribbean mangroves |
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2018 |
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Ecosphere |
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9 |
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7 |
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e02231 |
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Caribbean; forest recovery; high-energy storms; mangrove; resilience; resistance; Special Feature: High-Energy Storms |
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Despite low plant diversity and structural simplicity, mangroves offer various ecosystem services to local human communities, including sheltering coastal social-ecological systems from high-energy storm damage. The expected increasing intensity of hurricanes due to climate change raises questions concerning the capacity of mangroves to resist and recover from such disturbances. Herein, this study contributes to a better understanding of (1) the relation between storm intensity and damage to mangrove vegetation, (2) the contributions of species-specific as well as stand-specific components of mangrove vegetation to ecosystem resistance, and (3) the recovery of pre-hurricane forest structure through time. The first two issues have been addressed using a stand-level approach implemented at two east Caribbean mangrove sites in response to three storm events. The third was addressed through a 23-yr survey of forest recovery following the passage of a high-energy storm across one of the two study sites. Generally, hurricane damage was primarily controlled by wind velocity, followed by the hydro-geomorphic context of mangrove forests and species-specific composition, respectively. The relationship between damage to trees and wind velocity evidenced a sigmoidal trend, with a maximum slope at a wind velocity averaging 130 and 180 km/h for higher vs. lower canopy stands, respectively. The red mangrove, Rhizophora mangle, was significantly less resistant to hurricane damage than was the black mangrove, Avicennia germinans. Unlike the fringe and scrub stands, inner, tall-canopy stands fully recovered by the end of the study (23 yr). These stands were more resilient because of their growth performances. Finally, the time for east Caribbean mangroves to recover from high-energy storms seems to fall within the range of the average return time of such disturbances. This may prevent such ecosystems from ever reaching a steady state. |
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Laboratoire de Biologie Végétale, UMR EcoFoG, BP 592, Université des Antilles, Pointe-à-Pitre Cedex, 97159, France |
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Export Date: 17 September 2018 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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819 |
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Lambs, L.; Bompy, F.; Dulormne, M. |
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Using an “isotopic spike” from a tropical storm to understand water exchange on a large scale: Case study of Hurricane Rafael in the lesser antilles archipelago, October 2012 |
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2018 |
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Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry |
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32 |
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6 |
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457-468 |
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Rationale: Studies of wetland eco-hydrology in tropical coastal areas are scarce, and the use of water stable isotopes can be of great help. Key constraints for their analysis are (i) the small difference in delta18O values between seawater and old evaporated freshwater, and (ii) the fact that the presence of old brackish water limits the determination of the water origin and dynamic. Methods: The water from tropical storms displays distinctively depleted heavy stable isotopes, in comparison with usual tropical rainfall without strong convective thunderstorms. During tropical storms, such as Hurricane Rafael in mid-October 2012, the rainfall delta18O signal can be decreased by many units. This effect is called an “isotopic spike”, and it could be used as a temporal marker of the water fluxes. Results: Water samples, with delta18O values as low as −8.9/1000, were collected on the islands of Guadeloupe and Saint-Martin during Hurricane Rafael, whereas the usual range of groundwater or mean rainfall delta18O values is around −2.8 +/- 0.5 /1000, as measured from 2009 to 2012. These water “isotopic spikes” allow us to show a surface freshwater uptake by mangrove trees in Guadeloupe, and in Saint-Martin, to calculate the water renewal of the salt ponds and pools. Conclusions: The “isotopic spikes” generated by tropical storms are generally used to track back past storm events, as recorded in trees and stalagmites. Here, the propagation of isotopic spike is followed to improve the understanding of the freshwater circulation and the water dynamic within coastal ecosystems influenced by seawater. |
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UMR ECOFOG, Université des Antilles, Guadeloupe, Pointe-à-Pitre, 97159, France |
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Export Date: 2 September 2018 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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818 |
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Chaves, C.L.; Degen, B.; Pakull, B.; Mader, M.; Honorio, E.; Ruas, P.; Tysklind, N.; Sebbenn, A.M. |
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Assessing the Ability of Chloroplast and Nuclear DNA Gene Markers to Verify the Geographic Origin of Jatoba (Hymenaea courbaril L.) Timber |
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2018 |
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Journal of Heredity |
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109 |
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5 |
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543-552 |
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forensics; illegal logging; nSSRs; SNPs; timber tracking; tropical trees |
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Deforestation-reinforced by illegal logging-is a serious problem in many tropical regions and causes pervasive environmental and economic damage. Existing laws that intend to reduce illegal logging need efficient, fraud resistant control methods. We developed a genetic reference database for Jatoba (Hymenaea courbaril), an important, high value timber species from the Neotropics. The data set can be used for controls on declarations of wood origin. Samples from 308 Hymenaea trees from 12 locations in Brazil, Bolivia, Peru, and French Guiana have been collected and genotyped on 10 nuclear microsatellites (nSSRs), 13 chloroplast SNPs (cpSNP), and 1 chloroplast indel marker. The chloroplast gene markers have been developed using Illumina DNA sequencing. Bayesian cluster analysis divided the individuals based on the nSSRs into 8 genetic groups. Using self-assignment tests, the power of the genetic reference database to judge on declarations on the location has been tested for 3 different assignment methods. We observed a strong genetic differentiation among locations leading to high and reliable self-assignment rates for the locations between 50% to 100% (average of 88%). Although all 3 assignment methods came up with similar mean self-assignment rates, there were differences for some locations linked to the level of genetic diversity, differentiation, and heterozygosity. Our results show that the nuclear and chloroplast gene markers are effective to be used for a genetic certification system and can provide national and international authorities with a robust tool to confirm legality of timber. © 2018 The American Genetic Association. All rights reserved. |
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Instituto Florestal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil |
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Export Date: 1 September 2018 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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817 |
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Dejean, A.; Azémar, F.; Petitclerc, F.; Delabie, J.H.C.; Corbara, B.; Leroy, C.; Céréghino, R.; Compin, A. |
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Highly modular pattern in ant-plant interactions involving specialized and non-specialized myrmecophytes |
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2018 |
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Science of Nature |
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105 |
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43 |
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Ant-plant mutualism; Ecological network; Modularity; Myrmecophytes; Nestedness; Sympatric species |
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Because Tachia guianensis (Gentianaceae) is a “non-specialized myrmecophyte” associated with 37 ant species, we aimed to determine if its presence alters the ant guild associated with sympatric “specialized myrmecophytes” (i.e., plants sheltering a few ant species in hollow structures). The study was conducted in a hilly zone of a neotropical rainforest where two specialized myrmecophytes grow at the bottom of the slopes, another at mid-slope, and a fourth on the hilltops. Tachia guianensis, which occurred everywhere, had its own guild of associated ant species. A network analysis showed that its connections with the four other myrmecophytes were rare and weak, the whole resulting in a highly modular pattern of interactions with one module (i.e., subnetwork) per myrmecophyte. Three ant species parasitized three out of the four specialized myrmecophytes (low nestedness noted), but were not or barely associated with T. guianensis that therefore did not influence the parasitism of specialized myrmecophytes. © 2018, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature. |
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AMAP, IRD, CIRAD, CNRS, INRA, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France |
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Export Date: 1 September 2018 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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815 |
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Medjigbodo, G.; Rozière, E.; Charrier, K.; Izoret, L.; Loukili, A. |
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Hydration, shrinkage, and durability of ternary binders containing Portland cement, limestone filler and metakaolin |
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2018 |
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Construction and Building Materials |
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183 |
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114-126 |
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Durability; Limestone filler; Metakaolin; Shrinkage; Strength; Ternary binders |
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A partial replacement of the clinker by latent hydraulic or pozzolanic materials is encouraged due to environmental and specific technical requirements. Such substitution remains limited to a relatively low level (less than 30% by mass of cementitious materials). An experimental research work was carried out on mortars made with binary and ternary binders (Portland cement; metakaolin; limestone filler) to reach 45% total replacement. In order to investigate the activating effect of reduced water-to-cement ratio, two series of mixtures were designed with W/C0 of 0.42 and 0.5. Their heat of hydration, portlandite content, shrinkage, porosity, and carbonation were monitored. The tests were performed to understand the evolution of their relative strength (activity index) and durability parameters. The strength development of mortars with ternary binders was found to depend on metakaolin properties, including manufacturing process and particle size distribution. Reducing W/C0 ratio accelerated pozzolanic reaction and allowed improving early-age strength and durability parameters. © 2018 Elsevier Ltd |
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Association Technique de l'Industrie des Liants Hydrauliques (ATILH), 7 place de la Défense, Paris La Défense, 92974, France |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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814 |
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Piponiot, C.; Derroire, G.; Descroix, L.; Mazzei, L.; Rutishauser, E.; Sist, P.; Hérault, B. |
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Assessing timber volume recovery after disturbance in tropical forests – A new modelling framework |
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2018 |
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Ecological Modelling |
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384 |
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353-369 |
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Disturbance; Ecosystem modelling; Recovery; Sustainability; Tropical forest management |
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One third of contemporary tropical forests is designated by national forest services for timber production. Tropical forests are also increasingly affected by anthropogenic disturbances. However, there is still much uncertainty around the capacity of tropical forests to recover their timber volume after logging as well as other disturbances such as fires, large blow-downs and extreme droughts, and thus on the long-term sustainability of logging. We developed an original Bayesian hierarchical model of Volume Dynamics with Differential Equations (VDDE) to infer the dynamic of timber volumes as the result of two ecosystem processes: volume gains from tree growth and volume losses from tree mortality. Both processes are expressed as explicit functions of the forest maturity, i.e. the overall successional stage of the forest that primarily depends on the frequency and severity of the disturbances that the forest has undergone. As a case study, the VDDE model was calibrated with data from Paracou, a long-term disturbance experiment in a neotropical forest where over 56 ha of permanent forest plots were logged with different intensities and censused for 31 years. With this model, we could predict timber recovery at Paracou at the end of a cutting cycle depending on the logging intensity, the rotation cycle length, and the proportion of commercial volume. The VDDE modelling framework developed presents three main advantages: (i) it can be calibrated with large tree inventories which are widely available from national forest inventories or logging concession management plans and are easy to measure, both on the field and with remote sensing; (ii) it depends on only a few input parameters, which can be an advantage in tropical regions where data availability is scarce; (iii) the modelling framework is flexible enough to explicitly include the effect of other types of disturbances (both natural and anthropogenic: e.g. blow-downs, fires and climate change) on the forest maturity, and thus to predict future timber provision in the tropics in a context of global changes. © 2018 Elsevier B.V. |
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INPHB (Institut National Polytechnique Félix Houphouet Boigny), Yamoussoukro, Cote d'Ivoire |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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813 |
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Hérault, B.; Piponiot, C. |
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Key drivers of ecosystem recovery after disturbance in a neotropical forest: Long-term lessons from the Paracou experiment, French Guiana |
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2018 |
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Forest Ecosystems |
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Forest Ecosystems |
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5 |
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2 |
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Amazonia; Carbon fluxes; Climate change; Ecological resilience; Ecosystem modeling; Tropical forests |
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Background: Natural disturbance is a fundamental component of the functioning of tropical rainforests let to natural dynamics, with tree mortality the driving force of forest renewal. With ongoing global (i.e. land-use and climate) changes, tropical forests are currently facing deep and rapid modifications in disturbance regimes that may hamper their recovering capacity so that developing robust predictive model able to predict ecosystem resilience and recovery becomes of primary importance for decision-making: (i) Do regenerating forests recover faster than mature forests given the same level of disturbance? (ii) Is the local topography an important predictor of the post-disturbance forest trajectories? (iii) Is the community functional composition, assessed with community weighted-mean functional traits, a good predictor of carbon stock recovery? (iv) How important is the climate stress (seasonal drought and/or soil water saturation) in shaping the recovery trajectory? Methods: Paracou is a large scale forest disturbance experiment set up in 1984 with nine 6.25 ha plots spanning on a large disturbance gradient where 15 to 60% of the initial forest ecosystem biomass were removed. More than 70,000 trees belonging to ca. 700 tree species have then been censused every 2 years up today. Using this unique dataset, we aim at deciphering the endogenous (forest structure and composition) and exogenous (local environment and climate stress) drivers of ecosystem recovery in time. To do so, we disentangle carbon recovery into demographic processes (recruitment, growth, mortality fluxes) and cohorts (recruited trees, survivors). Results: Variations in the pre-disturbance forest structure or in local environment do not shape significantly the ecosystem recovery rates. Variations in the pre-disturbance forest composition and in the post-disturbance climate significantly change the forest recovery trajectory. Pioneer-rich forests have slower recovery rates than assemblages of late-successional species. Soil water saturation during the wet season strongly impedes ecosystem recovery but not seasonal drought. From a sensitivity analysis, we highlight the pre-disturbance forest composition and the post-disturbance climate conditions as the primary factors controlling the recovery trajectory. Conclusions: Highly-disturbed forests and secondary forests because they are composed of a lot of pioneer species will be less able to cope with new disturbance. In the context of increasing tree mortality due to both (i) severe droughts imputable to climate change and (ii) human-induced perturbations, tropical forest management should focus on reducing disturbances by developing Reduced Impact Logging techniques. |
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Université de la Guyane, UMR EcoFoG (AgroParistech, Cirad, CNRS, Inra, Université des Antilles), Campus Agronomique, Kourou, French Guiana, 97310, France |
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Cited By :1; Export Date: 1 September 2018 |
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812 |
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Lehnebach, R.; Beyer, R.; Letort, V.; Heuret, P. |
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Corrigendum: The pipe model theory half a century on: A review (Annals of Botany DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcx194) |
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2018 |
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Annals of Botany |
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Annals of Botany |
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121 |
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7 |
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1427 |
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There was an error in the affiliations of Véronique Letort. The correct affiliation is Laboratory of Mathematics in Interaction with Computer Science (MICS), CentraleSupélec, France The online paper has been corrected. |
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Export Date: 16 July 2018 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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810 |
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Barraza, F.; Schreck, E.; Lévêque, T.; Uzu, G.; Lopez, F.; Ruales, J.; Prunier, J.; Marquet, A.; Maurice, L. |
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Cadmium bioaccumulation and gastric bioaccessibility in cacao: A field study in areas impacted by oil activities in Ecuador |
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2017 |
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Environmental Pollution |
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229 |
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950-963 |
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Cacao; Cadmium; Ecuador; Health risk assessment; Uptake and bioaccumulation |
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Cacao from South America is especially used to produce premium quality chocolate. Although the European Food Safety Authority has not established a limit for cadmium (Cd) in chocolate raw material, recent studies demonstrate that Cd concentrations in cacao beans can reach levels higher than the legal limits for dark chocolate (0.8 mg kg−1, effective January 1st, 2019). Despite the fact that the presence of Cd in agricultural soils is related to contamination by fertilizers, other potential sources must be considered in Ecuador. This field study was conducted to investigate Cd content in soils and cacao cultivated on Ecuadorian farms in areas impacted by oil activities. Soils, cacao leaves, and pod husks were collected from 31 farms in the northern Amazon and Pacific coastal regions exposed to oil production and refining and compared to two control areas. Human gastric bioaccessibility was determined in raw cacao beans and cacao liquor samples in order to assess potential health risks involved. Our results show that topsoils (0–20 cm) have higher Cd concentrations than deeper layers, exceeding the Ecuadorian legislation limit in 39% of the sampling sites. Cacao leaves accumulate more Cd than pod husks or beans but, nevertheless, 50% of the sampled beans have Cd contents above 0.8 mg kg−1. Root-to-cacao transfer seems to be the main pathway of Cd uptake, which is not only regulated by physico-chemical soil properties but also agricultural practices. Additionally, natural Cd enrichment by volcanic inputs must not be neglected. Finally, Cd in cacao trees cannot be considered as a tracer of oil activities. Assuming that total Cd content and its bioaccessible fraction (up to 90%) in cacao beans and liquor is directly linked to those in chocolate, the health risk associated with Cd exposure varies from low to moderate. |
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Laboratoire des Sciences du Bois, UMR EcoFoG, ZI Pariacabo, Kourou, French Guiana |
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Cited By :1; Export Date: 4 June 2018 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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806 |
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