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| Author |
Vedel, V.; Rheims, C.; Murienne, J.; Brescovit, A.D. |
| Title |
Biodiversity baseline of the French Guiana spider fauna |
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Journal Article |
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2013 |
Publication |
SpringerPlus |
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SpringerPlus |
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2 |
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1 |
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1-19 |
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Arachnids; Araneae; Bio monitoring; French Guiana; Neotropics; Species richness |
| Abstract |
The need for an updated list of spiders found in French Guiana rose recently due to many upcoming studies planned. In this paper, we list spiders from French Guiana from existing literature (with corrected nomenclature when necessary) and from 2142 spiders sampled in 12 sites for this baseline study. Three hundred and sixty four validated species names of spider were found in the literature and previous authors' works. Additional sampling, conducted for this study added another 89 identified species and 62 other species with only a genus name for now. The total species of spiders sampled in French Guiana is currently 515. Many other Morphospecies were found but not described as species yet. An accumulation curve was drawn with seven of the sampling sites and shows no plateau yet. Therefore, the number of species inhabiting French Guiana cannot yet be determined. As the very large number of singletons found in the collected materials suggests, the accumulation curve indicates nevertheless that more sampling is necessary to discover the many unknown spider species living in French Guiana, with a focus on specific periods (dry season and wet season) and on specific and poorly studied habitats such as canopy, inselberg and cambrouze (local bamboo monospecific forest). © 2013 Vedel et al. |
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CNRS, EFA, UMR 5174 EDB (Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique), Université Paul Sabatier, 118 route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse, France |
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Export Date: 25 November 2013; Source: Scopus; doi: 10.1186/2193-1801-2-361; Language of Original Document: English; Correspondence Address: Vedel, V.; Laboratoire d'entomologie Entobios, 5 Bis rue François Thomas, 97310 Kourou, Guyane Française, France; email: vincent.vedel@ecofog.gf |
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Chartier, M.; Pélozuelo, L.; Buatois, B.; Bessière, J.-M.; Gibernau, M. |
| Title |
Geographical variations of odour and pollinators, and test for local adaptation by reciprocal transplant of two European Arum species |
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Journal Article |
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2013 |
Publication |
Functional Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Funct. Ecol. |
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27 |
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6 |
Pages |
1367-1381 |
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Deception; Diptera; Floral scent; Geographical mosaic; Psychodidae; Sapromyophily; Transplant experiment |
| Abstract |
Interactions between entomophilous plants and their pollinators are one of the major factors shaping the evolution of floral features. As species are distributed in more or less connected populations, they have evolved in a geographical mosaic of co-evolution were the outcome of the plant-pollinator interaction is likely to vary as a result of local adaptations. Arum italicum and Arum maculatum are two species of Araceae which deceive their fly pollinators by mimicking the odour of their oviposition sites. Whereas A. italicum is known to be pollinated by flies belonging to different families (i.e. opportunist), A. maculatum relies on only two pollinating species of the family Psychodidae throughout its European repartition area (i.e. specialist). The interannual and geographical variations of pollinators and pollinator-attractive odours were described in several populations of the two species over two consecutive years. Furthermore, local adaptation to pollinators was tested by transplanting inflorescence-bearing plants between two different sites and by recording the number and composition of the insect fauna trapped inside the inflorescences during anthesis as a measure of a fitness component. Pollinators and pollinator-attractive odours of the two Arum species varied in time and space, but there was no clear odour structure between populations. When transplanted, inflorescences of both species trapped the same composition and number of insects as native inflorescences at a given site; this indicates that pollinator composition is highly dependent on the local availability of insects. No pattern of local adaptation was found for these two species, but local pollination conditions were shown to strongly affect the degree of geographical variations of these interactions. The lack of a clear odour geographical structure might be due to high gene flow or to similar selective pressures exerted by pollinators, and the high interindividual odour variation may be linked to the deceptive strategy adopted by the two plant species. © 2013 British Ecological Society. |
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Center for Functional and Evolutive Ecology, Université Montpellier 2, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier, France |
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Export Date: 29 November 2013; Source: Scopus; Coden: Fecoe; doi: 10.1111/1365-2435.12122; Language of Original Document: English; Correspondence Address: Gibernau, M.; Joint Research Unit Ecology of Guiana Forests, CNRS-UMR 8172, Campus agronomique, BP 316, Kourou cedex, 97379, France; email: marc.gibernau@ecofog.gf; References: Ackerman, J.D., Cuevas, A.A., Hof, D., Are deception-pollinated species more variable than those offering a reward? (2011) Plant Systematics and Evolution, 293, pp. 91-99; Ackerman, J.D., Meléndez-Ackerman, E.J., Salguero-Faria, J., Variation in pollinator abundance and selection on fragrance phenotypes in an epiphytic orchid (1997) American Journal of Botany, 84, pp. 1383-1390; Adams, R.P., (2007) Identification of Essential Oil Components by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectroscopy, , 4th edn. Allured Publishing, Carol Stream; Albre, J., Gibernau, M., Reproductive biology of Arum italicum (Araceae) in the South of France (2008) Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 156, pp. 43-49; Albre, J., Quilichini, A., Gibernau, M., Pollination ecology of Arum italicum (Araceae) (2003) Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 141, pp. 205-214; Anderson, M.J., A new method for non-parametric multivariate analysis of variance (2001) Austral Ecology, 26, pp. 32-46; Anderson, B., Johnson, S.F., The geographic mosaic of coevolution in a plant-pollinator mutualism (2007) Evolution, 62, pp. 220-225; Angert, A.L., Bradshaw, H.D., Schemske, D.W., Using experimental evolution to investigate geographic range limits in monkey flowers (2008) Evolution, 62, pp. 2660-2675; Ayasse, M., Schiestl, F.P., Paulus, H.F., Löfstedt, C., Hannson, B., Ibarra, F., Francke, W., Evolution of reproductive strategies in the sexually deceptive orchid Ophrys sphegodes: how does flower-specific variation of odor signals influence reproductive success? 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(Diptera: Psychodidae) (1990) Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae, 43, pp. 33-83; Ježek, J., Hájek, J., Psychodidae (Diptera) of the Orlické hory protected landscape area and neighbouring areas with descriptions of two new species from the Czech Republic (2007) Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae, 47, pp. 237-285; Johnson, S.D., Pollinator-driven speciation in plants (2006) Ecology and Evolution of Flowers, pp. 295-310. , eds L.D. Harder & S.C.H. Barrett Oxford University Press, Oxford; Johnson, S.D., Jürgens, A., Convergent evolution of carrion and faecal scent mimicry in fly-pollinated angiosperm flowers and a stinkhorn fungus (2010) South African Journal of Botany, 76, pp. 796-807; Johnson, S.D., Steiner, K.E., Long-tongued fly pollination and evolution of floral spur length in the Disa draconis complex (Orchidaceae) (1997) Evolution, 51, pp. 45-53; Jürgens, A., Dötterl, S., Meve, U., The chemical nature of fetid floral odours in stapeliads (Apocynaceae-Asclepiadoideae-Ceropegieae) (2006) New Phytologist, 172, pp. 452-468; Kato, M., Itioka, T., Sakai, S., Momose, K., Yamane, S., Hamid, A.A., Inoue, T., Various population fluctuation patterns of light-attracted beetles in a tropical lowland dipterocarp forest in Sarawak (2000) Population Ecology, 42, pp. 97-104; Kiester, A.R., Lande, R., Schemske, D.W., Models of coevolution and speciation in plants and their pollinators (1984) The American Naturalist, 1242, pp. 220-243; Kite, G.C., The floral odour of Arum maculatum (1995) Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, 23, pp. 343-354; Kite, G.C., Hetterscheid, W.L.A., Lewis, M.J., Boyce, P.C., Ollerton, J., Cocklin, E., Diaz, A., Simmonds, M.S.J., Inflorescence odours and pollinators of Arum and Amorphophallus (Araceae) (1998) Reproductive Biology, pp. 295-315. , (eds S.J. Owens & P.J. Rudall) Royal Botanical Gardens, Kew; Knudsen, J.T., Variation in floral scent composition within and between populations of Geonoma macrostachys (Arecaceae) in the western Amazon (2002) American Journal of Botany, 89, pp. 1772-1778; Knudsen, J.T., Eriksson, R., Gershenzon, J., Ståhl, B., Diversity and distribution of floral scent (2006) The Botanical Review, 72, pp. 1-120; Lack, A.J., Diaz, A., The pollination of Arum maculatum L. – a historical review and new observations (1991) Watsonia, 18, pp. 333-342; Levin, D.A., (2000) The Origin, Expansion and Demise of Plant Species, , Oxford University Press, Oxford; Levin, D.A., Anderson, W.W., Competition for pollinators between simultaneously flowering species (1970) The American Naturalist, 104, pp. 455-467; Linz, J., Stökl, J., Urru, I., Krügel, T., Stensmyr, M.C., Hansson, B.S., Molecular phylogeny of the genus Arum (Araceae) inferred from multi-locus sequence data and AFLPs (2010) Taxon, 59, pp. 405-415; Maia, A.C.D., Dötterl, S., Kaiser, R., Silberbauer-Gottsberger, I., Teichert, H., Gibernau, M., Navarro, D.M.D.F., Gottsberger, G., The key role of 4-methyl-5-vinylthiazole in the attraction of scarab beetle pollinators: a unique olfactory floral signal shared by Annonaceae and Araceae (2012) Journal of Chemical Ecology, 38, pp. 1072-1080; Maia, A.C.D., Gibernau, M., Dötterl, S., Navarro, DM., Seifert, K., Müller, T., Schlindwein, C., The floral scent of Taccarum ulei (araceae): attraction of scarab beetle pollinators to an unusual aliphatic acyloin (2013) Phytochemistry, , http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2013.03.005, (in press); Mant, J., Peakall, R., Schiestl, F.P., Does selection on floral odor promote differentiation among populations and species of the sexually deceptive orchid genus Ophrys? (2005) Evolution, 59, pp. 1449-1463; Méndez, M., Obeso, J.R., Influencia del osmoforo en la produccion de infrutescencias en Arum italicum Miller (Araceae) (1992) Anales del Jardín Botánico de Madrid, 50, pp. 229-237; Mitchell, R.J., Flanagan, R.J., Brown, B.J., Waser, N.M., Karron, J.D., New frontiers in competition for pollination (2009) Annals of Botany, 103, pp. 1403-1413; Morgan, M.T., Selection on reproductive characters: conceptual foundations and their extension to pollinator interactions (2006) Ecology and Evolution of Flowers, pp. 25-40. , eds L.D. Harder & S.C.H. Barrett) Oxford University Press, Oxford; Nattero, J., Cocussi, A.A., Medel, R., Pollinator-mediated selection in a specialized pollination system: matches and mismatches across populations (2010) Journal of Evolutionary Biology, 23, pp. 1957-1968; Pettersson, S., Knudsen, J.T., Floral scent and nectar production in Parkia biglobosa Jacq. (Leguminosae: Mimosoideae) (2001) Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 135, pp. 97-106; Pichersky, E., Gershenzon, J., The formation and function of plant volatiles: perfumes for pollinator attraction and defense (2002) Plant Biology, 5, pp. 237-243; Prime, C.T., (1960) Lords and Ladies, , Harper Collins Publishers, London; Proctor, M., Leo, P., Lack, A., (1996) Natural History of Pollination, , Harper Collins Publishers, London; Raguso, R.A., Wake up and smell the roses: the ecology and evolution of floral scent (2008) Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics, 39, pp. 549-569; (2012) R: A language and environment for statistical computing, , http://www.R-project.org/, R Core Team R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria ISBN 3-900051-07-0, URL University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL; Renner, S.S., Rewardless flowers in the Angiosperms and the role of insect cognition in their evolution (2006) Plant-Pollinator Interactions: From Specialization to Generalization, pp. 123-144. , eds N.M. Waser & J. Ollerton University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL; Rohacek, J., Beck-Haug, I., Dobat, K., Sphaeroceridae associated with flowering Arum maculatum (Araceae) in the vicinity of Tübingen, SW-Germany (1990) Senckenbergiana biologie, 71, pp. 259-268; Schaeffer, H.M., Ruxton, G.D., (2011) Plant-Animal Communication, , Oxford University Press, Oxford; Schiestl, F.P., Ayasse, M., Do changes in floral odor cause speciation in sexually deceptive orchids? (2002) Plant Systematics and Evolution, 234, pp. 111-119; Schiestl, F.P., Schlüter, P.M., Floral isolation, specialized pollination, and pollinator behavior in Orchids (2009) Annual Review of Entomology, 54, pp. 425-446; Schlumpberger, B.O., Raguso, R.A., Geographic variation in floral scent of Echinopsis ancistrophora (Cactaceae); evidence for constraints on hawkmoth attraction (2008) Oikos, 117, pp. 801-814; Schlumpberger, B.O., Cocussi, A.A., Moré, M., Sérsic, A.N., Raguso, R.A., Extreme variation in floral characters and its consequences for pollinator attraction among populations of an Andean cactus (2009) Annals of Botany, 103, pp. 1489-1500; Solers, C., Hossaert-McKey, M., Buatois, B., Bessière, J.-M., Schatz, B., Proffit, M., Geographic variation of floral scent in a highly specialized pollination mutualism (2011) Phytochemistry, 72, pp. 74-81; Stebbins, G.L., Adaptive radiation of reproductive characteristics in Angiosperms, I: pollination mechanisms (1970) Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 1, pp. 307-326; Stökl, J., Strutz, A., Dafni, A., Svatos, A., Doubsky, J., Knaden, M., Sachse, S., Stensmyr, M.C., A deceptive pollination system targeting drosophilids through olfactory mimicry of yeast (2010) Current Biology, 20, pp. 1846-1852; Stökl, J., Schlüter, P.M., Stuessy, T.F., Paulus, H.F., Assum, G., Ayasse, M., Scent variation and hybridization cause the displacement of a sexually deceptive orchid species (2008) American Journal of Botany, 95, pp. 472-481; Svensson, G.P., Pellmyr, O., Raguso, R.A., Strong conservation of floral scent composition in two allopatric yuccas (2006) Journal of Chemical Ecology, 32, pp. 2657-2665; Svensson, G.P., Pellmyr, O., Raguso, R.A., Pollinator attraction to volatiles from virgin and pollinated host flowers in a yucca/moth obligate mutualism (2011) Oikos, 120, pp. 1577-1583; Svensson, G.P., Hickman, M.O., Bartram, S., Boland, W., Pellmyr, O., Raguso, R.A., Chemistry and geographic variation of floral scent in Yucca filamentosa (Agavaceae) (2005) American Journal of Botany, 92, pp. 1624-1631; Thompson, J.N., (2005) The Geographic Mosaic of Coevolution, , University Chicago Press, Chicago, IL; Urru, I., Stensmyr, M.C., Hansson, B.S., Pollination by brood-site deception (2011) Phytochemistry, 72, pp. 1655-1666; Vaillant, F., Diptères psychodidae coprophiles et coprobiontes d'Europe (1988) Bulletin Romand d'Entomologie, 6, pp. 1-43; Valiente-Banuet, A., Molina-Freaner, F., Torres, A., del Coro Arizmendi, M., Casas, A., Geographic differentiation in the pollination system of the columnar cactus Pachycereus pecten-aboriginum (2004) American Journal of Botany, 91, pp. 850-855; Volis, S., Adaptive genetic differentiation in a predominantly self-pollinating species analyzed by transplanting into natural environment, crossbreeding and Qst-Fst test (2011) New Phytologist, 192, pp. 237-248; Waelti, M.O., Muhlemann, J.K., Widmer, A., Schiestl, F.P., Floral odour and reproductive isolation in two species of Silene (2008) Journal of Evolutionary Biology, 21, pp. 111-121; Waser, N.M., Interspecific pollen transfer and competition between co-occurring plant species (1978) Oecologia, 36, pp. 223-236; Waterman, R.J., Bidartondo, M.I., Stofberg, J., Combs, J.K., Gebauer, G., Savolainen, V., Barraclough, T.G., Pauw, A., The effects of above- and belowground mutualisms on orchid speciation and coexistence (2011) The American Naturalist, 177, pp. E54-E68; Withers, P., Roth flies. Diptera: Psychodidae (1989) Dipterist Digest, 4, pp. 1-83 |
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Wagner, F.; Rossi, V.; Stahl, C.; Bonal, D.; Herault, B. |
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Asynchronism in leaf and wood production in tropical forests: A study combining satellite and ground-based measurements |
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Journal Article |
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2013 |
Publication |
Biogeosciences |
Abbreviated Journal |
Biogeosciences |
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10 |
Issue |
11 |
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7307-7321 |
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The fixation of carbon in tropical forests mainly occurs through the production of wood and leaves, both being the principal components of net primary production. Currently field and satellite observations are independently used to describe the forest carbon cycle, but the link between satellite-derived forest phenology and field-derived forest productivity remains opaque. We used a unique combination of a MODIS enhanced vegetation index (EVI) dataset, a wood production model based on climate data and direct litterfall observations at an intra-annual timescale in order to question the synchronism of leaf and wood production in tropical forests. Even though leaf and wood biomass fluxes had the same range (respectively 2.4 ± 1.4 and 2.2 ± 0.4 Mg C ha-1 yr-1), they occurred separately in time. EVI increased with leaf renewal at the beginning of the dry season, when solar irradiance was at its maximum. At this time, wood production stopped. At the onset of the rainy season, when new leaves were fully mature and water available again, wood production quickly increased to reach its maximum in less than a month, reflecting a change in carbon allocation from short-lived pools (leaves) to long-lived pools (wood). The time lag between peaks of EVI and wood production (109 days) revealed a substantial decoupling between the leaf renewal assumed to be driven by irradiance and the water-driven wood production. Our work is a first attempt to link EVI data, wood production and leaf phenology at a seasonal timescale in a tropical evergreen rainforest and pave the way to develop more sophisticated global carbon cycle models in tropical forests. © 2013 Author(s). |
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INRA, UMR EEF 1137, 54280 Champenoux, France |
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Export Date: 2 December 2013; Source: Scopus; doi: 10.5194/bg-10-7307-2013; Language of Original Document: English; Correspondence Address: Wagner, F.; CIRAD, UMR Ecologie des Forêts de Guyane, Kourou, French Guiana, French Guiana; email: wagner.h.fabien@gmail.com; References: Allen, R., Smith, M., Pereira, L., Perrier, A., An update for the calculation of reference evapotranspiration (1994) Journal of the ICID, 43, pp. 35-92; Anderson, L.O., Biome-scale forest properties in Amazonia based on field and satellite observations (2012) Remote Sens., 4, pp. 1245-1271. , doi:10.3390/rs4051245; Arias, P.A., Fu, R., Hoyos, C.D., Li, W., Zhou, L., Changes in cloudiness over the Amazon rainforests during the last two decades: Diagnostic and potential causes (2011) Clim. Dynam., 37, pp. 1151-1164. , doi:10.1007/s00382-010-0903-2; Asner, G., Townsend, A., Braswell, B., Satellite observation of El Nino effects on Amazon forest phenology and productivity (2000) Geophys. Res. 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Fournier, M.; Dlouhá, J.; Jaouen, G.; Almeras, T. |
| Title |
Integrative biomechanics for tree ecology: Beyond wood density and strength |
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Journal Article |
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2013 |
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Journal of Experimental Botany |
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J. Exp. Bot. |
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64 |
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15 |
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4793-4815 |
| Keywords |
Biomechanics; Ecological strategy; Gravitropism; Shape; Size; Trees; Wood |
| Abstract |
Functional ecology has long considered the support function as important, but its biomechanical complexity is only just being elucidated. We show here that it can be described on the basis of four biomechanical traits, two safety traits against winds and self-buckling, and two motricity traits involved in sustaining an upright position, tropic motion velocity (MV) and posture control (PC). All these traits are integrated at the tree scale, combining tree size and shape together with wood properties. The assumption of trait constancy has been used to derive allometric scaling laws, but it was more recently found that observing their variations among environments and functional groups, or during ontogeny, provides more insights into adaptive syndromes of tree shape and wood properties. However, oversimpli-fed expressions have often been used, possibly concealing key adaptive drivers. An extreme case of oversimplification is the use of wood basic density as a proxy for safety. Actually, as wood density is involved in stiffiness, loads, and construction costs, the impact of its variations on safety is non-trivial. Moreover, other wood features, especially the microfibril angle (MFA), are also involved. Furthermore, wood is not only stiff and strong, but it also acts as a motor for MV and PC. The relevant wood trait for this is maturation strain asymmetry. Maturation strains vary with cell-wall characteristics such as MFA, rather than with wood density. Finally, the need for further studies about the ecological relevance of branching patterns, motricity traits, and growth responses to mechanical loads is discussed. © The Author 2013. |
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CNRS, Université de Montpellier 2, Laboratoire de Mécanique et Génie Civil, 34095 Montpellier, France |
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00220957 (Issn) |
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| Notes |
Cited By (since 1996):1; Export Date: 2 December 2013; Source: Scopus; Coden: Jeboa; doi: 10.1093/jxb/ert279; Language of Original Document: English; Correspondence Address: Fournier, M.; AgroParisTech, UMR 1092 LERFOB, 54000 Nancy, France; email: meriem.fournier@agroparistech.fr; References: Achim, A., Ruel, J.C., Gardiner, B.A., Lafamme, G., Meunier, S., Modelling the vulnerability of balsam fr forests to wind damage (2005) Forest Ecology and Management, 204, pp. 35-50; Almeras, T., Costes, E., Salles, J.C., Identification of biomechanical factors involved in stem shape variability between apricot-tree varieties (2004) Annals of Botany, 93, pp. 1-14; Almeras, T., Derycke, M., Jaouen, G., Beauchene, J., Fournier, M., Functional diversity in gravitropic reaction among tropical seedlings in relation to ecological and developmental traits (2009) Journal of Experimental Botany, 60, pp. 4397-4410; Almeras, T., Fournier, M., Biomechanical design and longterm stability of trees: Morphological and wood traits involved in the balance between weight increase and the gravitropic reaction (2009) Journal of Theoretical Biology, 256, pp. 370-381; Almeras, T., Gril, J., Costes, E., Bending of apricot tree branches under the weight of axillary growth: Test of a mechanical model with experimental data (2002) Trees – Structure and Function, 16, pp. 5-15; Almeras, T., Thibaut, A., Gril, J., Effect of circumferential heterogeneity of wood maturation strain, modulus of elasticity and radial growth on the regulation of stem orientation in trees (2005) Trees – Structure and Function, 19, pp. 457-467; Anten, N.P.R., Schieving, F., The role of wood mass density and mechanical constraints in the economy of tree architecture (2010) American Naturalist, 175, pp. 250-260; Archer, R.R., Wilson, B.F., Mechanics of the compression wood response II. 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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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513 |
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Stahl, C.; Herault, B.; Rossi, V.; Burban, B.; Bréchet, C.; Bonal, D. |
| Title |
Depth of soil water uptake by tropical rainforest trees during dry periods: Does tree dimension matter? |
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2013 |
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Oecologia |
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Oecologia |
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173 |
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4 |
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1191-1201 |
| Keywords |
Deuterium; Oxygen; Root; Soil water; Tropical rainforest |
| Abstract |
Though the root biomass of tropical rainforest trees is concentrated in the upper soil layers, soil water uptake by deep roots has been shown to contribute to tree transpiration. A precise evaluation of the relationship between tree dimensions and depth of water uptake would be useful in tree-based modelling approaches designed to anticipate the response of tropical rainforest ecosystems to future changes in environmental conditions. We used an innovative dual-isotope labelling approach (deuterium in surface soil and oxygen at 120-cm depth) coupled with a modelling approach to investigate the role of tree dimensions in soil water uptake in a tropical rainforest exposed to seasonal drought. We studied 65 trees of varying diameter and height and with a wide range of predawn leaf water potential (Ψpd) values. We confirmed that about half of the studied trees relied on soil water below 100-cm depth during dry periods. Ψpd was negatively correlated with depth of water extraction and can be taken as a rough proxy of this depth. Some trees showed considerable plasticity in their depth of water uptake, exhibiting an efficient adaptive strategy for water and nutrient resource acquisition. We did not find a strong relationship between tree dimensions and depth of water uptake. While tall trees preferentially extract water from layers below 100-cm depth, shorter trees show broad variations in mean depth of water uptake. This precludes the use of tree dimensions to parameterize functional models. © 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. |
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INRA, UMR EEF 1137, 54280 Champenoux, France |
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00298549 (Issn) |
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Export Date: 6 December 2013; Source: Scopus; Coden: Oecob; doi: 10.1007/s00442-013-2724-6; Language of Original Document: English; Correspondence Address: Bonal, D.; INRA, UMR EEF 1137, 54280 Champenoux, France; email: bonal@nancy.inra.fr; References: Améglio, T., Archer, P., Cohen, M., Valancogne, C., Daudet, F.A., Dayau, S., Cruiziat, P., Significance and limits in the use of predawn leaf water potential for tree irrigation (1999) Plant Soil, 207, pp. 155-167; Baraloto, C., Morneau, F., Bonal, D., Blanc, L., Ferry, B., Seasonal water stress tolerance and habitat associations within four Neotropical tree genera (2007) Ecology, 88, pp. 478-489; Bonal, D., Barigah, T.S., Granier, A., Guehl, J.-M., Late-stage canopy tree species with extremely low delta C-13 and high stomatal sensitivity to seasonal soil drought in the tropical rainforest of French Guiana (2000) Plant Cell Environ, 23, pp. 445-459; Bonal, D., Atger, C., Barigah, T.S., Ferhi, A., Guehl, J.-M., Ferry, B., Water acquisition patterns of two wet tropical canopy tree species of French Guiana as inferred from H218O extraction profiles (2000) Ann For Sci, 57, pp. 717-724; Bonal, D., Bosc, A., Ponton, S., Goret, J.-Y., Burban, B., Gross, P., Bonnefond, J.-M., Granier, A., Impact of severe dry season on net ecosystem exchange in the Neotropical rainforest of French Guiana (2008) Glob Chang Biol, 14, pp. 1917-1933; Cao, K.F., Water relations and gas exchange of tropical saplings during a prolonged drought in a Bornean heath forest, with reference to root architecture (2000) J Trop Ecol, 16, pp. 101-116; Carvalheiro, K.O., Nepstad, D.C., Deep soil heterogeneity and fine root distribution in forests and pastures of eastern Amazonia (1996) Plant Soil, 182, pp. 279-285; Chmura, D.J., Anderson, P.D., Howe, G.T., Harrington, C.A., Halofsky, J.E., Peterson, D.L., Shaw, D.C., Brad St Claire, J., Forest responses to climate change in the northwestern United States: ecophysiological foundations for adaptive management (2011) For Ecol Manage, 261, pp. 1121-1142; da Rocha, H.R., Goulden, M.L., Miller, S.D., Menton, M.C., Pinto, L.D.V.O., de Freitas, H.C., e Silva Figueira, A.M., Seasonality of water and heat fluxes over a tropical forest in eastern Amazonia (2004) Ecol Appl, 14, pp. 22-32; Davidson, E., Lefebvre, P.A., Brando, P.M., Ray, D.M., Trumbore, S.E., Solorzano, L.A., Ferreira, J.N., Nepstad, D.C., Carbon inputs and water uptake in deep soils of an eastern Amazon forest (2011) For Sci, 57, pp. 51-58; Engelbrecht, B.M.J., Kursar, T.A., Comparative drought-resistance of seedlings of 28 species of co-occurring tropical woody plants (2003) Oecologia, 136, pp. 383-393; Engelbrecht, B.M.J., Wright, S.J., De Steven, D., Survival and ecophysiology of tree seedlings during El Nino drought in a tropical moist forest in Panama (2002) J Trop Ecol, 18, pp. 569-579; Fisher, R.A., Williams, M., Do Vale, R.L., Da Costa, A.L., Meir, P., Evidence from Amazonian forests is consistent with isohydric control of leaf water potential (2006) Plant Cell Environ, 29, pp. 151-165; Goulden, M.L., Miller, S.D., da Rocha, H.R., Menton, M.C., De Freitas, H.C., Silva Figueira, A.M.E., De Sousa, C.A.D., Diel and seasonal patterns of tropical forest CO2 exchange (2004) Ecol Appl, 14, pp. 42-54; Gourlet-Fleury, S., Ferry, B., Molino, J.F., Petronelli, P., Schmitt, L., Experimental plots: key features (2004) Ecology and management of a Neotropical Rainforest, pp. 3-60. , In: Gourlet-Fleury S, Guehl JM, Laroussinie O (eds) Lessons drawn from Paracou, a long-term experimental research site in French Guiana. Elsevier, Paris; Huc, R., Ferhi, A., Guehl, J.M., Pioneer and late stage tropical rainforest tree species (French Guyana) growing under common conditions differ in leaf gas exchange regulation, carbon isotope discrimination and leaf water potential (1994) Oecologia, 99, pp. 297-305; Hutyra, L.R., Munger, J.W., Saleska, S., Gottlieb, E., Daube, B.C., Dunn, A.L., Amaral, D.F., Wofsy, S.C., Seasonal controls on the exchange of carbon and water in an Amazonian rain forest (2007) J Geophys Res, 112, pp. G03008. , doi:10.1029/2006JG000365; Jackson, R.B., Canadell, J., Ehleringer, J.R., Mooney, H.A., Sala, O.E., Schulze, E.D., A global analysis of root distributions for terrestrial biomes (1996) Oecologia, 108, pp. 389-411; Jobbagy, E.G., Jackson, R.B., The distribution of soil nutrients with depth: global patterns and the imprint of plants (2001) Biogeochemistry, 53, pp. 51-77; Kozlowski, T.T., Pallardy, S.G., Acclimation and adaptive responses of woody plants to environmental stresses (2002) Bot Rev, 68, pp. 270-334; Malhi, Y., Wright, J., Spatial patterns and recent trends in the climate of tropical rainforest regions (2004) Phil Trans R Soc Lond B, 359, pp. 311-329; Markewitz, D., Devine, S., Davidson, E.A., Brando, P., Nepstad, D.C., Soil moisture depletion under simulated drought in the Amazon: impacts on deep root uptake (2010) New Phytol, 187, pp. 592-607; Meinzer, F.C., Andrade, J.L., Goldstein, G., Holbrook, N.M., Cavelier, J., Wright, S.J., Partitioning of soil water among trees in a seasonally dry tropical forest (1999) Oecologia, 121, pp. 293-301; Merbold, L., Ardo, J., Arneth, A., Scholes, R.J., Nouvellon, Y., de Grandcourt, A., Archibald, S., Kutsch, W.L., Precipitation as driver of carbon fluxes in 11 African ecosystems (2009) Biogeosciences, 6, pp. 1027-1041; Moreira, M., Sternberg, L., Nepstad, D., Vertical patterns of soil water uptake by plants in a primary forest and an abandoned pasture in the eastern Amazon: an isotopic approach (2000) Plant Soil, 222, pp. 95-107; Nepstad, D.C., De Carvalho, C.R., Davidson, E.A., Jipp, P.H., Lefebvre, P.A., Negreiros, G.H., Da Silva, E.D., Vieira, S., The role of deep roots in the hydrological and carbon cycles of Amazonian forests and pastures (1994) Nature, 372, pp. 666-669; 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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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514 |
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Casella, T.M.; Eparvier, V.; Mandavid, H.; Bendelac, A.; Odonne, G.; Dayan, L.; Duplais, C.; Espindola, L.S.; Stien, D. |
| Title |
Antimicrobial and cytotoxic secondary metabolites from tropical leaf endophytes: Isolation of antibacterial agent pyrrocidine C from Lewia infectoria SNB-GTC2402 |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
2013 |
Publication |
Phytochemistry |
Abbreviated Journal |
Phytochemistry |
| Volume |
96 |
Issue |
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Pages |
370-377 |
| Keywords |
Antimicrobials; Cytotoxic metabolites; Functional chemodiversity; Leaf endophytes; Lewia; Pyrrocidine C |
| Abstract |
Because of the symbiotic nature of endophytes, this survey aims to investigate the probability of discovering antibacterial, antifungal and cytotoxic activities in leaf endophytic microbes. We isolated 138 cultivable microbes (121 fungi, 3 bacteria and 14 unidentified or unknown microbes) from 24 plant species, a significant relative proportion of which exhibited antifungal and cytotoxic potential against Candida albicans ATCC 10213 and the human cell lines KB (uterine cervical carcinoma), MDA-MB-435 (melanoma), and MRC5 (normal human lung fibroblasts). Three active fungal extracts were fractionated, resulting in the isolation of eight compounds. Seven had been described in the literature including the following: acremonisol A, semicochliodinol A, cochliodinol, griseofulvin, pyrenocin A, novae zelandin A and alterperylenol. A previously unreported compound named pyrrocidine C was isolated from Lewia infectoria SNB-GTC2402 and identified by spectroscopic analysis. As in pyrrocidines A and B, this compound is a cis-substituted decahydrofluorene with a quaternary carbon at C-5 and opposite stereochemistry at C-8 corresponding to C-6 of pyrrocidines A and B.© 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. |
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CNRS Guyane, USR 3456, 2 Avenue Gustave Charlery, 97300 Cayenne, France |
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00319422 (Issn) |
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Export Date: 6 December 2013; Source: Scopus; Coden: Pytca; doi: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2013.10.004; Language of Original Document: English; Correspondence Address: Espindola, L.S.; Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil; email: darvenne@unb.br; References: Arnold, A.E., Mejia, L.C., Kyllo, D., Rojas, E.I., Maynard, Z., Robbins, N., Herre, E.A., Fungal endophytes limit pathogen damage in a tropical tree (2003) Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 100 (26), pp. 15649-15654. , DOI 10.1073/pnas.2533483100; Asahina, A., Tada, Y., Nakamura, K., Tamaki, K., Colchicine and griseofulvin inhibit VCAM-1 expression on human vascular endothelial cells – Evidence for the association of VCAM-1 expression with microtubules (2001) Journal of Dermatological Science, 25 (1), pp. 1-9. , DOI 10.1016/S0923-1811(00)00097-9, PII S0923181100000979; Bacon, C.W., White, J.F., (2000) Microbial Endophytes, , Marcel Dekker Inc. 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Biol., 17, pp. 483-494; Christensen, K.B., Van Klink, J.W., Weavers, R.T., Larsen, T.O., Andersen, B., Phipps, R.K., Novel chemotaxonomic markers of the Alternaria infectoria species-group (2005) Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 53 (24), pp. 9431-9435. , DOI 10.1021/jf0513213; Clay, K., Holah, J., Fungal endophyte symbiosis and plant diversity in successional fields (1999) Science, 285 (5434), pp. 1742-1744. , DOI 10.1126/science.285.5434.1742; Debbab, A., Hassan, A.A., Edrada-Ebel, R.A., Müller, W.E.G., Mosaddak, M., Hakiki, A., Ebel, R., Proksch, P., Bioactive secondary metabolites from the endophytic fungus Chaetomium sp. Isolated from Salvia officinalis growing in Morocco (2009) Biotechnol. Agron. Soc. Environ., 13, pp. 229-234; Fredenhagen, A., Petersen, F., Tintelnot-Blomley, M., Rosel, J., Mett, H., Hug, P., Semicochliodinol A and B: Inhibitors of HIV-1 protease and EGF-R protein tyrosine kinase related to asterriquinones produced by the fungus Chrysosporium merdarium (1997) Journal of Antibiotics, 50 (5), pp. 395-401; He, H., Yang, H.Y., Bigelis, R., Solum, E.H., Greenstein, M., Carter, G.T., Pyrrocidines A and B, new antibiotics produced by a filamentous fungus (2002) Tetrahedron Letters, 43 (9), pp. 1633-1636. , DOI 10.1016/S0040-4039(02)00099-0, PII S0040403902000990; Ichihara, A., Murakami, K., Sakamura, S., Synthesis of pyrenocines A, B and pyrenochaetic acid A (1987) Tetrahedron, 43, pp. 5245-5250; Isaka, M., Rugseree, N., Maithip, P., Kongsaeree, P., Prabpai, S., Thebtaranonth, Y., Hirsutellones A-E, antimycobacterial alkaloids from the insect pathogenic fungus Hirsutella nivea BCC 2594 (2005) Tetrahedron, 61 (23), pp. 5577-5583. , DOI 10.1016/j.tet.2005.03.099, PII S0040402005005843; Jones, K.E., Patel, N.G., Levy, M.A., Storeygard, A., Balk, D., Gittleman, J.L., Daszak, P., Global trends in emerging infectious diseases (2008) Nature, 451 (7181), pp. 990-993. , DOI 10.1038/nature06536, PII NATURE06536; Kingsland, S.R., Barrow, R.A., Identification of chaetoviridin e from a cultured microfungus, Chaetomium sp. and structural reassignment of chaetoviridins B and D (2009) Aust. 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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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515 |
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Mony, R.; Dejean, A.; Bilong, C.F.B.; Kenne, M.; Rouland-Lefèvre, C. |
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Melissotarsus ants are likely able to digest plant polysaccharides |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2013 |
Publication |
Comptes Rendus – Biologies |
Abbreviated Journal |
C. R. Biol. |
| Volume |
336 |
Issue |
10 |
Pages |
500-504 |
| Keywords |
Ant-plant interactions; Degradation of plant material; Enzymatic activity; Melissotarsus ants |
| Abstract |
Melissotarsus ants have an extremely specialized set of behaviours. Both workers and gynes tunnel galleries in their host tree bark. Workers walk with their mesothoracic legs pointing upwards and tend Diaspididae hemiptera for their flesh. The ants use their forelegs to plug the galleries with silk that they secrete themselves. We hypothesised that the ants' energetic needs for nearly constant gallery digging could be satisfied through the absorption of host tree tissues; so, using basic techniques, we examined the digestive capacities of workers from two species. We show that workers are able to degrade oligosaccharides and heterosides as well as, to a lesser degree, polysaccharides. This is one of the rare reports on ants able to digest plant polysaccharides other than starch. © 2013 Académie des sciences. |
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IRD, UMR BIOEMCO-IBIOS, 32, rue Henri-Varagnat, 93143 Bondy cedex, France |
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Export Date: 6 December 2013; Source: Scopus; Coden: Crboc; doi: 10.1016/j.crvi.2013.08.003; Language of Original Document: English; Correspondence Address: Dejean, A.; Université de Toulouse, UPS, Ecolab, 118, route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, France; email: alain.dejean@wanadoo.fr; References: Hölldobler, B., Wilson, E.O., (1990) The Ants, , Harvard University Press Cambridge, MA, USA 730 p; Duchesne, L.C., Larson, D.W., Cellulose and the evolution of plant life (1989) BioScience, 39, pp. 238-241; Watanabe, H., Tokuda, G., Cellulolytic Systems in Insects (2010) Annu. Rev. Entomol., 55, pp. 609-632; Wenzel, M., Schonig, I., Berchtold, M., Kampfer, P., König, K., Aerobic and facultatively anaerobic cellulolytic bacteria from the gut of the Termite Zootermopsis angusticollis (2002) J. Appl. Microbiol., 92, pp. 32-40; Brune, A., Microbial symbioses in the digestive tract of lower termites (2011) Beneficial Microorganisms in Multicellular Life Forms, pp. 3-25. , E. Rosenberg, U. Gophna, Heidelberg Springer; Tokuda, G., Watanabe, H., Hidden cellulases in termites: Revision of an old hypothesis (2007) Biol. Lett., 3, pp. 336-339; Nobre, T., Aanen, D.K., Fungiculture or termite husbandry? The ruminant hypothesis (2012) Insects, 3, pp. 307-323; Zientz, E., Feldhaar, H., Stoll, S., Gross, R., Insights into the microbial world associated with ants (2005) Arch. Microbiol., 184, pp. 199-206; Aylward, F., Burnum, K.E., Scott, J.J., Suen, G., Tringe, S.G., Metagenomic and metaproteomic insights into bacterial communities in leaf-cutter ant fungus gardens (2012) ISME J., pp. 1-14; Cook, S.C., Davidson, D.W., Nutritional and functional biology of exudate-feeding ants (2006) Entomol. Exp. Appl., 118, pp. 1-10; He, H., Chen, Y., Zhang, Y., Wei, C., Bacteria associated with gut lumen of Camponotus japonicus Mayr (2011) Environ. Entomol., 40, pp. 1405-1409; Blochmann, F., Über das Vorkommen von bakterienähnlichen Gebilden in den Geweben und Eiern verschiedener Insekten (1892) Zentbl. Bakteriol., 11, pp. 234-240; Feldhaar, H., Straka, J., Krischke, M., Berthold, K., Stoll, S., Nutritional upgrading for omnivorous carpenter ants by the endosymbiont Blochmannia (2007) BMC Biol., 5, p. 48; De Souza, D.J., Bézier, A., Depoix, D., Drezen, J.M., Lenoir, A., Blochmannia endosymbionts improve colony growth and immune defence in the ant Camponotus fellah (2009) BMC Microbiol., 9, p. 29; Van Borm, S., Buschinger, A., Boomsma, J.J., Billen, J., Tetraponera ants have gut symbionts related to nitrogen-fixing root-nodule bacteria (2002) Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B., 269, pp. 2023-2027; Eilmus, S., Heil, M., Bacterial associates of arboreal ants and their putative functions in an obligate ant-plant mutualism (2009) Appl. Env. Microbiol., 75, pp. 4324-4332; Russell, J.A., Moreau, C.S., Goldman-Huertas, B., Fujiwara, M., Lohman, D.J., Pierce, N.E., Bacterial gut symbionts are tightly linked with the evolution of herbivory in ants (2009) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 106, pp. 21236-21241; Delage-Darchen, B., Une fourmi de Côte d'Ivoire: Melissotarsus titubans Del., N. Sp. (1972) Insect. Soc., 19, pp. 213-226; Prins, A.J., Ben-Dov, Y., Rust, D.J., A new observation on the association between ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) and armoured scale insects (Homoptera: Diaspididae) (1975) J. Entomol. Soc. S. Afr., 38, pp. 211-216; Mony, R., Kenne, M., Dejean, A., (2002) Biology and Ecology of Pest Ants of the Genus Melissotarsus (Formicidae: Myrmicinae), with Special Reference to Tropical Fruit Tree Attacks, Sociobiology, 40, pp. 645-654; Mony, R., Fisher, B.L., Kenne, M., Tindo, M., Dejean, A., Behavioural ecology of bark-digging ants of the genus Melissotarsus (2007) Funct. Ecosyst. Commun., 1, pp. 121-128; Fisher, B.L., Robertson, H.G., Silk production by adult workers of the ant Melissotarsus emeryi (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) in South African fynbos (1999) Insect. Soc., 46, pp. 78-83; Sanson, G., The biomechanics of browsing and grazing (2006) Am. J. Bot., 93, pp. 1531-1545; Clissold, F., Sanson, G.D., Read, J., The paradoxical effects nutrient ratios and supply rates on an outbreaking insect herbivore, the Australian plague locust (2006) J. Anim. Ecol., 75, pp. 1000-1013; Cannon, C.A., (1998) Nutritional Ecology of the Carpenter Ant Camponotus Pennsylvanicus (De Geer): Macronutrient Preference and Particle Consumption, , (PhD thesis) Blacsburg VA; Eisner, T., A comparative morphological study of the proventriculus of ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) (1957) Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 116, pp. 441-490; Caetano, F.H., Can we use the digestive tract for phyllogenetic studies in ants (1990) Social Insects and the Environment, pp. 321-322. , G.K. Veeresh, B. Mallik, C.A. Viraktamath, Oxford & IBH publishing co. New Dehli; Delage, B., Recherches sur l'alimentation des fourmis granivores Messor capitatus Latr (1962) Insect. Soc., 9, pp. 137-143; Oettler, J., Johnson, R.A., The old ladies of the seed harvester ant Pogonomyrmex rugosus: Foraging performed by two groups of workers (2009) J. Insect. Behav., 22, pp. 217-226; Abbott, A., Nutrient dynamic of ants (1977) Production Ecology of Ants and Termites, pp. 233-244. , M.V. Brian, Cambridge University Press Cambridge; D'Ettorre, P., Mora, P., Dibangou, V., Rouland, C., Errard, C., The role of symbiotic fungus in the digestive metabolism of two species of fungus-growing ants (2002) J. Comp. Physiol. B, 172, pp. 169-176; Rouland, C., Lenoir, F., Lepage, M., The role of the symbiotic fungus in the digestive metabolism of several species of fungus-growing termites (1991) Comp. Biochem. 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Capinera, Springer Berlin; Richard, F.J., Mora, P., Errard, C., Rouland, C., Digestive capacities of leaf-cutting ants and the contribution of their cultivar to the degradation of plant material (2005) J. Comp. Physiol. B, 175, pp. 297-303; Ayre, G.L., The relationships between food and digestive enzymes in five species of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) (1967) Can. Entomol., 99, pp. 408-411; Went, F.W., Wheeler, J., Wheeler, G.C., Feeding and digestion in some ants (Veromessor and Manica) (1972) BioScience, 22, pp. 82-88; Moller, I.E., De Fine Licht, H.H., Harholt, J., Willats, G.T., Boomsma, J.J., The dynamics of plant cell-wall polysaccharide decomposition in leaf-cutting ant fungus garden (2011) PloS ONE, 6, p. 17506 |
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Dezerald, O.; Talaga, S.; Leroy, C.; Carrias, J.-F.; Corbara, B.; Dejean, A.; Céréghino, R. |
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Environmental determinants of macroinvertebrate diversity in small water bodies: Insights from tank-bromeliads |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
2014 |
Publication |
Hydrobiologia |
Abbreviated Journal |
Hydrobiologia |
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723 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
77-86 |
| Keywords |
Freshwater biodiversity; Linear mixed effect modelling; Microcosms; Phytotelmata; Ponds |
| Abstract |
The interlocking leaves of tank-forming bromeliads (Bromeliaceae) collect rainwater and detritus, thus creating a freshwater habitat for specialized organisms. Their abundance and the possibility of quantifying communities with accuracy give us unparalleled insight into how changes in local to regional environments influence community diversity in small water bodies. We sampled 365 bromeliads (365 invertebrate communities) along a southeastern to northwestern range in French Guiana. Geographic locality determined the species pool for bromeliad invertebrates, and local environments determined the abundance patterns through the selection of traits that are best adapted to the bromeliad habitats. Patterns in community structure mostly emerged from patterns of predator species occurrence and abundance across local-regional environments, while the set of detritivores remained constant. Water volume had a strong positive correlation with invertebrate diversity, making it a biologically relevant measure of the pools' carrying capacity. The significant effects of incoming detritus and incident light show that changes in local environments (e.g., the conversion of forest to cropping systems) strongly influence freshwater communities. Because changes in local environments do not affect detritivores and predators equally, one may expect functional shifts as sets of invertebrates with particular traits are replaced or complemented by other sets with different traits. © 2013 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht. |
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CNRS, EcoLab (UMR-CNRS 5245), 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, France |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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517 |
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Lang, G.; Marcon, E. |
| Title |
Testing randomness of spatial point patterns with the Ripley statistic |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
2013 |
Publication |
ESAIM: Probability and Statistics |
Abbreviated Journal |
ESAIM PS |
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17 |
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Pages |
767-788 |
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Central limit theorem, goodness-of-fit test, Höffding decomposition, null, point pattern, Poisson process, null |
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Aggregation patterns are often visually detected in sets of location data. These clusters may be the result of interesting dynamics or the effect of pure randomness. We build an asymptotically Gaussian test for the hypothesis of randomness corresponding to a homogeneous Poisson point process. We first compute the exact first and second moment of the Ripley K-statistic under the homogeneous Poisson point process model. Then we prove the asymptotic normality of a vector of such statistics for different scales and compute its covariance matrix. From these results, we derive a test statistic that is chi-square distributed. By a Monte-Carlo study, we check that the test is numerically tractable even for large data sets and also correct when only a hundred of points are observed |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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Clair, B.; Alteyrac, J.; Gronvold, A.; Espejo, J.; Chanson, B.; Alméras, T. |
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Patterns of longitudinal and tangential maturation stresses in Eucalyptus nitens plantation trees |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2013 |
Publication |
Annals of Forest Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ann. Forest Sci. |
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70 |
Issue |
8 |
Pages |
801-811 |
| Keywords |
Eucalyptus nitens; G-layer; Longitudinal maturation stress; Maturation strain; Tangential maturation stress; Tension wood |
| Abstract |
Context: Tree orientation is controlled by asymmetric mechanical stresses set during wood maturation. The magnitude of maturation stress differs between longitudinal and tangential directions, and between normal and tension woods. Aims: We aimed at evaluating patterns of maturation stress on eucalypt plantation trees and their relation with growth, with a focus on tangential stress evaluation. Methods: Released maturation strains along longitudinal and tangential directions were measured around the circumference of 29 Eucalyptus nitens trees, including both straight and leaning trees. Results: Most trees produced asymmetric patterns of longitudinal maturation strain, but more than half of the maturation strain variability occurred between trees. Many trees produced high longitudinal tensile stress all around their circumference. High longitudinal tensile stress was not systematically associated with the presence of gelatinous layer. The average magnitude of released longitudinal maturation strain was found negatively correlated to the growth rate. A methodology is proposed to ensure reliable evaluation of released maturation strain in both longitudinal and tangential directions. Tangential strain evaluated with this method was lower than previously reported. Conclusion: The stress was always tensile along the longitudinal direction and compressive along the tangential direction, and their respective magnitude was positively correlated. This correlation does not result from a Poisson effect but may be related to the mechanism of maturation stress generation. © 2013 # The Author(s) 2013. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com. |
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Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad de Concepcion, Ciudad Universitaria, Concepcion, Chile |
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Export Date: 16 December 2013; Source: Scopus; Coden: Afosf; doi: 10.1007/s13595-013-0318-4; Language of Original Document: English; Correspondence Address: Clair, B.; CNRS, UMR Ecologie des Forêts de Guyane (EcoFoG), Campus Agronomique, BP 701, 97387 Kourou, French Guiana; email: bruno.clair@univ-montp2.fr; Funding Details: ANR-12-BS09-0004, French National Research Agency; References: Alméras, T., Fournier, M., Biomechanical design and long-term stability of trees: Morphological and wood traits involved in the balance between weight increase and the gravitropic reaction (2009) J Theor Biol, 256, pp. 370-381. , 19013473 10.1016/j.jtbi.2008.10.011; Alméras, T., Thibaut, A., Gril, J., Effect of circumferential heterogeneity of wood maturation strain, modulus of elasticity and radial growth on the regulation of stem orientation in trees (2005) Trees, 19, pp. 457-467. , 10.1007/s00468-005-0407-6; Archer, R.R., (1986) Growth Stresses and Strains in Trees, , Springer Verlag Berlin/Heidelberg/New York; Archer, R.R., On the origin of growth stresses in trees. 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