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Phillips, P.D.; Thompson, I.S.; Silva, J.N.M.; van Gardingen, P.R.; Degen, B. |
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Title |
Scaling up models of tree competition for tropical forest population genetics simulation |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2004 |
Publication  |
Ecological Modelling |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ecol. Model. |
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Volume |
180 |
Issue |
2-3 |
Pages |
419-434 |
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Keywords |
tropical rain; forest; population genetics; model SYMFOR; eco-gene; scaling up; competition |
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Understanding the effects of logging activity on genetic diversity is an important aspect of establishing the sustainability of selective logging management operations in tropical forests. Genetic variation is affected by selective logging directly, through the removal of and damage to trees within the population, and indirectly, through a change in the forest structure and environment in which the remaining population lives. Eco-Gene is a population genetics model applied to tropical forests over a scale of hundreds of hectares. SYMFOR is a modelling framework for individual-based spatially explicit ecological and management models applied to tropical forests over a scale of 0.25 4 ha. We have linked the models to enable simulations using processes involved in both models. To overcome problems of scale, the spatially explicit competition index calculated in SYMFOR simulations has been modelled such that it can be applied at scales representing much larger areas for which the data are not available, as required by Eco-Gene. The competition index is modelled as a distribution on a grid-square basis, and implemented in the linked Eco-Gene/SYMFOR system. Each tree within a grid-square is given a “relative competition” within the distribution, biased according to species. A competition index value is obtained for the tree by transforming the grid-square distribution to be relevant to the size of the tree, and extracting a value according to the tree's relative competition within the distribution. The distribution and each tree's relative competition within it change according to the effects of growth, mortality and logging activity. The model was calibrated using data from the Tapajos region of the Eastern Amazon forest. This paper describes the model, its calibration and validation and the implications of scaling up from an explicit representation to a modelled quantity. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. |
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Embrapa Amazonia Oriental, BR-66095100 Belem, Para, Brazil, Email: paul.phillips@envams.co.uk |
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ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV |
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0304-3800 |
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ISI:000224635700012 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
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234 |
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Phillips, P.D.; de Azevedo, C.P.; Degen, B.; Thompson, I.S.; Silva, J.N.M.; van Gardingen, P.R. |
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Title |
An individual-based spatially explicit simulation model for strategic forest management planning in the eastern Amazon |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Ecological Modelling |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ecol. Model. |
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Volume |
173 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
335-354 |
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Keywords |
model; individual; tropical forest; tree; spatial; Brazil; Amazon; competition; species grouping; management; certification; regulation |
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A model to simulate the ecological processes of tree growth, mortality and recruitment, and the processes of forest management, in the terra firme forests of the eastern Amazon is described. It is implemented within the SYMFOR (http://www.symfor.org) framework. It is based on measurements of all trees that have a diameter greater than 5 cm from experimental plots in the Jari Cellulose and Tapajos National Forest areas over a 16-year period. Ten species groups are used to describe the natural processes affecting tree behaviour. Growth rates are calculated for each species group using the tree diameter and a competition index. Mortality and recruitment are simulated as stochastic processes. Recruitment probability is based on the predicted growth rate of a hypothetical tree. Options exist to vary the human interaction with the forest reflecting forest management decisions, as for other SYMFOR models. Model evaluation compares the performance of the model with data describing forest recovery for 16 years following logging. The model was applied to simulate current forest management practice in the Brazilian Amazon, with 40 m(3) ha(-1) of timber extracted with a cutting cycle of 30 years. Results show that yields are sustained for three harvests following the first logging of primary forest, but that the composition of timber moves towards lightwooded species rather than hardwooded. The predicted size of extracted trees decreases and the number of trees extracted increases with successive harvests, leading to a prediction of increased costs and lower profits for the logging company despite constant yields. The standing volume of all trees just before harvest is reduced by 15% over 150 years, with pioneer species becoming increasingly prevalent in the stand. The model, in the SYMFOR framework, can be used to help understand the differences between alternative forest management strategies in the Brazilian Amazon. Such knowledge is required to improve forest management, regulation and certification, and help to conserve the worlds largest remaining tropical forest. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. |
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EMBRAPA Amazonia Oriental, BR-69011970 Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil, Email: Paul.Phillips@envams.co.uk |
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ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV |
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ISI:000220392200002 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
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238 |
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Piponiot, C.; Derroire, G.; Descroix, L.; Mazzei, L.; Rutishauser, E.; Sist, P.; Hérault, B. |
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Title |
Assessing timber volume recovery after disturbance in tropical forests – A new modelling framework |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Ecological Modelling |
Abbreviated Journal |
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384 |
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353-369 |
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Keywords |
Disturbance; Ecosystem modelling; Recovery; Sustainability; Tropical forest management |
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One third of contemporary tropical forests is designated by national forest services for timber production. Tropical forests are also increasingly affected by anthropogenic disturbances. However, there is still much uncertainty around the capacity of tropical forests to recover their timber volume after logging as well as other disturbances such as fires, large blow-downs and extreme droughts, and thus on the long-term sustainability of logging. We developed an original Bayesian hierarchical model of Volume Dynamics with Differential Equations (VDDE) to infer the dynamic of timber volumes as the result of two ecosystem processes: volume gains from tree growth and volume losses from tree mortality. Both processes are expressed as explicit functions of the forest maturity, i.e. the overall successional stage of the forest that primarily depends on the frequency and severity of the disturbances that the forest has undergone. As a case study, the VDDE model was calibrated with data from Paracou, a long-term disturbance experiment in a neotropical forest where over 56 ha of permanent forest plots were logged with different intensities and censused for 31 years. With this model, we could predict timber recovery at Paracou at the end of a cutting cycle depending on the logging intensity, the rotation cycle length, and the proportion of commercial volume. The VDDE modelling framework developed presents three main advantages: (i) it can be calibrated with large tree inventories which are widely available from national forest inventories or logging concession management plans and are easy to measure, both on the field and with remote sensing; (ii) it depends on only a few input parameters, which can be an advantage in tropical regions where data availability is scarce; (iii) the modelling framework is flexible enough to explicitly include the effect of other types of disturbances (both natural and anthropogenic: e.g. blow-downs, fires and climate change) on the forest maturity, and thus to predict future timber provision in the tropics in a context of global changes. © 2018 Elsevier B.V. |
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INPHB (Institut National Polytechnique Félix Houphouet Boigny), Yamoussoukro, Cote d'Ivoire |
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Export Date: 1 September 2018 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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813 |
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Baraloto, Christophier ; Vleminckx, Jason ; Engel, Julien ; Petronelli, Pascal ; Davila, Nallarett ; Rios, Marcos ; Valderrama Sandoval, Elvis Harry ; Mesones, Italo ; Guevara ANdino, Juan Ernesto ; Fortunel, Claire ; Allie, Elodie ; Paine, C.E. Timothy ; Dourdan, Aurélie ; Goret, Jean-Yves ; Valverde-Barrantes, Oscar J. ; Draper, Freddie ; Fine, Paul V. A. |
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Title |
Biogeographic history and habitat specialization shape floristic and phylogenetic composition across Amazonian forests |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Ecological Monographs |
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Volume |
91 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
e01473 |
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A major challenge remains to understand the relative contributions of history, dispersal, and environmental filtering to the assembly of hyperdiverse communities across spatial scales. Here, we examine the extent to which biogeographical history and habitat specialization have generated turnover among and within lineages of Amazonian trees across broad geographic and environmental gradients. We replicated standardized tree inventories in 102 0.1-ha plots located in two distant regions—the western Amazon and the eastern Guiana shield. Within each region, we used a nested design to replicate plots on contrasted habitats: white-sand, terra firme, and seasonally flooded forests. Our plot network encompassed 26,386 trees that together represented 2,745 distinct taxa, which we standardized across all plots and regions. We combined taxonomic and phylogenetic data with detailed soil measurements and climatic data to: (1) test whether patterns of taxonomic and phylogenetic composition are consistent with recent or historical processes, (2) disentangle the relative effects of habitat, environment, and geographic distance on taxonomic and phylogenetic turnover among plots, and (3) contrast the proportion of habitat specialists among species from each region. We found substantial species turnover between Peru and French Guiana, with only 8.8% of species shared across regions; genus composition remained differentiated across habitats and regions, whereas turnover at higher taxonomic levels (family, order) was much lower. Species turnover across plots was explained primarily by regions, but also substantially by habitat differences and to a lesser extent by spatial distance within regions. Conversely, the composition of higher taxonomic levels was better explained by habitats (especially comparing white-sand forests to other habitats) than spatial distance. White-sand forests harbored most of the habitat specialists in both regions, with stronger habitat specialization in Peru than in French Guiana. Our results suggest that recent diversification events have resulted in extremely high turnover in species and genus composition with relatively little change in the composition of higher lineages. Our results also emphasize the contributions of rare habitats, such as white-sand forests, to the extraordinary diversity of the Amazon and underline their importance as conservation priorities. |
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Ecological Society of America |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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1027 |
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Cereghino, R.; Leroy, C.; Dejean, A.; Corbara, B. |
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Title |
Ants mediate the structure of phytotelm communities in an ant-garden bromeliad |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2010 |
Publication |
Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ecology |
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Volume |
91 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
1549-1556 |
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Aechmea mertensii; ant-gardens; biodiversity; bromeliads; Camponotus femoratus; Crematogaster levior; macroinvertebrates; mutualism; Pachycondyla goeldii; phytotelmata; secondary forest; Sinnamary; French Guiana; species interactions |
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The main theories explaining the biological diversity of rain forests often confer a limited understanding of the contribution of interspecific interactions to the observed patterns. We show how two-species mutualisms can affect much larger segments of the invertebrate community in tropical rain forests. Aechmea mertensii (Bromeliaceae) is both a phytotelm (plant-held water) and an ant-garden epiphyte. We studied the influence of its. associated ant species (Pachycondyla goeldii and Camponotus femoratus) on the physical characteristics of the plants, and, subsequently, on the diversity of the invertebrate communities that inhabit their tanks. As dispersal agents for the bromeliads, P. goeldii and C. femoratus influence the shape and size of the bromeliad by determining the location of the seedling, from exposed to partially shaded areas. By coexisting on a local scale, the two ant species generate a gradient of habitat conditions in terms of available resources (space and food) for aquatic invertebrates, the diversity of the invertebrate communities increasing with greater volumes of water and fine detritus. Two-species mutualisms are widespread in nature, but their influence on the diversity of entire communities remains largely unexplored. Because macroinvertebrates constitute an important part of animal production in all ecosystem types, further investigations should address the functional implications of such indirect effects. |
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[Cereghino, Regis] Univ Toulouse, UPS, INPT, Lab Ecol Fonct,EcoLab, F-31062 Toulouse, France, Email: cereghin@cict.fr |
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ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER |
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0012-9658 |
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ISI:000277867600030 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
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59 |
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Fortunel, C.; Garnier, E.; Joffre, R.; Kazakou, E.; Quested, H.; Grigulis, K.; Lavorel, S.; Ansquer, P.; Castro, H.; Cruz, P.; Dolezal, J.; Eriksson, O.; Freitas, H.; Golodets, C.; Jouany, C.; Kigel, J.; Kleyer, M.; Lehsten, V.; Leps, J.; Meier, T.; Pakeman, R.; Papadimitriou, M.; Papanastasis, V.P.; Quetier, F.; Robson, M.; Sternberg, M.; Theau, J.P.; Thebault, A.; Zarovali, M. |
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Title |
Leaf traits capture the effects of land use changes and climate on litter decomposability of grasslands across Europe |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2009 |
Publication |
Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ecology |
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90 |
Issue |
3 |
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598-611 |
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climate; community functional parameters; disturbance; leaf traits; litter decomposability; litter quality |
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Land use and climate changes induce shifts in plant functional diversity and community structure, thereby modifying ecosystem processes. This is particularly true for litter decomposition, an essential process in the biogeochemical cycles of carbon and nutrients. In this study, we asked whether changes in functional traits of living leaves in response to changes in land use and climate were related to rates of litter potential decomposition, hereafter denoted litter decomposability, across a range of 10 contrasting sites. To disentangle the different control factors on litter decomposition, we conducted a microcosm experiment to determine the decomposability under standard conditions of litters collected in herbaceous communities from Europe and Israel. We tested how environmental factors ( disturbance and climate) affected functional traits of living leaves and how these traits then modified litter quality and subsequent litter decomposability. Litter decomposability appeared proximately linked to initial litter quality, with particularly clear negative correlations with lignin-dependent indices ( litter lignin concentration, lignin : nitrogen ratio, and fiber component). Litter quality was directly related to community-weighted mean traits. Lignin-dependent indices of litter quality were positively correlated with community-weighted mean leaf dry matter content (LDMC), and negatively correlated with community-weighted mean leaf nitrogen concentration (LNC). Consequently, litter decomposability was correlated negatively with community-weighted mean LDMC, and positively with community-weighted mean LNC. Environmental factors ( disturbance and climate) influenced community-weighted mean traits. Plant communities experiencing less frequent or less intense disturbance exhibited higher community-weighted mean LDMC, and therefore higher litter lignin content and slower litter decomposability. LDMC therefore appears as a powerful marker of both changes in land use and of the pace of nutrient cycling across 10 contrasting sites. |
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[Fortunel, Claire; Garnier, Eric; Joffre, Richard; Kazakou, Elena] CNRS, UMR 5175, Ctr Ecol Fonct & Evolut, F-34293 Montpellier 5, France, Email: claire.fortunel@ecofog.gf |
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ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER |
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0012-9658 |
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ISI:000263776800003 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
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121 |
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Baraloto, C.; Morneau, F.; Bonal, D.; Blanc, L.; Ferry, B. |
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Title |
Seasonal water stress tolerance and habitat associations within four neotropical tree genera |
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Journal Article |
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2007 |
Publication |
Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ecology |
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Volume |
88 |
Issue |
2 |
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478-489 |
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drought tolerance; French Guiana; photosynthetic capacity; phylogenetically independent contrast; relative growth rate; seasonally flooded forest; specific leaf area; torus translation method; tropical forest |
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We investigated the relationship between habitat association and physiological performance in four congeneric species pairs exhibiting contrasting distributions between seasonally flooded and terra firme habitats in lowland tropical rain forests of French Guiana, including Virola and Iryanthera ( Myristicaceae), Symphonia ( Clusiaceae), and Eperua (Caesalpiniaceae). We analyzed 10-year data sets of mapped and measured saplings ( stems >= 150 cm in height and < 10 cm diameter at breast height [dbh]) and trees ( stems >= 10 cm dbh) across 37.5 ha of permanent plots covering a 300-ha zone, within which seasonally flooded areas ( where the water table never descends below 1 m) have been mapped. Additionally, we tested the response of growth, survival, and leaf functional traits of these species to drought and flood stress in a controlled experiment. We tested for habitat preference using a modi. cation of the torus translation method. Strong contrasting associations of the species pairs of Iryanthera, Virola, and Symphonia were observed at the sapling stage, and these associations strengthened for the tree stage. Neither species of Eperua was significantly associated with flooded habitats at the sapling stage, but E. falcata was significantly and positively associated with flooded forests at the tree stage, and trees of E. grandiflora were found almost exclusively in nonflooded habitats. Differential performance provided limited explanatory support for the observed habitat associations, with only congeners of Iryanthera exhibiting divergent sapling survival and tree growth. Seedlings of species associated with flooded forest tended to have higher photosynthetic capacity than their congeners at field capacity. In addition, they tended to have the largest reductions in leaf gas exchange and growth rate in response to experimental drought stress and the least reductions in response to experimental inundation. The corroboration of habitat association with differences in functional traits and, to a lesser extent, measures of performance provides an explanation for the regional coexistence of these species pairs. We suggest that specialization to seasonally flooded habitats may explain patterns of adaptive radiation in many tropical tree genera and thereby provide a substantial contribution to regional tree diversity. |
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INRA, UMR Ecol Forets Guyane, Kourou, French Guiana, Email: baraloto@botany.ufl.edu |
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ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER |
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0012-9658 |
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ISI:000245668400021 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
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165 |
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Baraloto, C.; Goldberg, D.E.; Bonal, D. |
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Title |
Performance trade-offs among tropical tree seedlings in contrasting microhabitats |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2005 |
Publication |
Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ecology |
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86 |
Issue |
9 |
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2461-2472 |
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canopy gaps; French Guiana; regeneration niche; relative growth rate; seed size; shade tolerance; soil moisture; tropical forest |
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We investigated performance trade-offs among seedlings of nine tropical tree species during a -five-year field experiment. Seedlings were grown in eight microhabitat types composed of paired gap and shaded understory sites in each of four soil types. We defined performance trade-offs relevant to coexistence as significant pairwise rank reversals for species performance between contrasting situations, of which we characterize three types: microhabitat, fitness component, and ontogenetic. Only 2 of 36 species pairs exhibited microhabitat trade-offs or reversed rankings for survival or relative growth rate (RGR) among microhabitats, and only one species pair reversed performance ranks among soil types. We found stronger evidence for rank reversals between fitness components (survival and RGR), particularly in gap vs. understory environments, suggesting a general trade-off between shade tolerance (survival in shade) and gap establishment (RGR in gaps). Third, the most frequent rank reversals between species pairs occurred between early and later ontogenetic stages, especially between fitness components in contrasting microhabitats. Overall, 15 of 36 pairs of potentially competing species exhibited some type of seedling performance trade-off, two species pairs never outperformed one another, and for 19 species pairs one species was a consistent better performer. We suggest that ontogenetic trade-offs, in concert with microhabitat and fitness component trade-offs, may contribute to species coexistence of long-lived organisms such as tropical trees. |
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Univ Michigan, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA, Email: baraloto.c@kourou.cirad.fr |
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ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER |
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0012-9658 |
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ISI:000231373600021 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
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252 |
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Shipley, B.; Timothy Paine, C.E.; Baraloto, C. |
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Title |
Quantifying the importance of local niche-based and stochastic processes to tropical tree community assembly |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2012 |
Publication |
Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ecology |
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Volume |
93 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
760-769 |
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Community Assembly by Trait Selection, CATS; Demographic stochasticity; Dispersal limitation; Environmental filtering; French Guiana; Functional traits; Maxent; Neutral assembly; Tropical forests |
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Although niche-based and stochastic processes, including dispersal limitation and demographic stochasticity, can each contribute to community assembly, it is difficult to quantify the relative importance of each process in natural vegetation. Here, we extend Shipley's maxent model (Community Assembly by Trait Selection, CATS) for the prediction of relative abundances to incorporate both trait-based filtering and dispersal limitation from the larger landscape and develop a statistical decomposition of the proportions of the total information content of relative abundances in local communities that are attributable to traitbased filtering, dispersal limitation, and demographic stochasticity. We apply the method to tree communities in a mature, species-rich, tropical forest in French Guiana at 1-, 0.25-and 0.04-ha scales. Trait data consisted of species' means of 17 functional traits measured over both the entire meta-community and separately in each of nine 1-ha plots. Trait means calculated separately for each site always gave better predictions. There was clear evidence of trait-based filtering at all spatial scales. Trait-based filtering was the most important process at the 1-ha scale (34%), whereas demographic stochasticity was the most important at smaller scales (37-53%). Dispersal limitation from the meta-community was less important and approximately constant across scales (∼9%), and there was also an unresolved association between site-specific traits and meta-community relative abundances. Our method allows one to quantify the relative importance of local niche-based and meta-community processes and demographic stochasticity during community assembly across spatial and temporal scales. © 2012 by the Ecological Society of America. |
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INRA, UMR, Écologie des Forêts de Guyane, 97387 Kourou cedex, France |
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Export Date: 6 June 2012; Source: Scopus; Coden: Ecola; doi: 10.1890/11-0944.1; Language of Original Document: English; Correspondence Address: Shipley, B.; Département de Biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada; email: Bill.Shipley@USherbrooke.ca |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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401 |
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Lamarre, G.P.A.; Baraloto, C.; Fortunel, C.; Dávila, N.; Mesones, I.; Rios, J.G.; Ríos, M.; Valderrama, E.; Pilco, M.V.; Fine, P.V.A. |
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Herbivory, growth rates, and habitat specialization in tropical tree lineages: implications for Amazonian beta-diversity |
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2012 |
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Ecology |
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Ecology |
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93 |
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sp8 |
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S195-S210 |
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Ecological Society of America |
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doi: 10.1890/11-0397.1 |
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