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Author |
Vendramin, G.G.; Fady, B.; Gonzalez-Martinez, S.C.; Hu, F.S.; Scotti, I.; Sebastiani, F.; Soto, A.; Petit, R.J. |
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Title |
Genetically depauperate but widespread: The case of an emblematic mediterranean pine |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2008 |
Publication |
Evolution |
Abbreviated Journal |
Evolution |
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Volume |
62 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
680-688 |
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Keywords |
chloroplast microsatellites; conservation genetics; diversity depletion; human impact; Pinus pinea |
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Abstract |
Genetic variation is generally considered a prerequisite for adaptation to new environmental conditions. Thus the discovery of genetically depauperate but geographically widespread species is unexpected. We used 12 paternally inherited chloroplast microsatellites to estimate population genetic variation across the full range of an emblematic circum-Mediterranean conifer, stone pine (Pinus pinea L.). The same chloroplast DNA haplotype is fixed in nearly all of the 34 investigated populations. Such a low level of variation is consistent with a previous report of very low levels of diversity at nuclear loci in this species. Stone pine appears to have passed through a severe and prolonged demographic bottleneck, followed by subsequent natural- and human-mediated dispersal across the Mediterranean Basin. No other abundant and widespread plant species has as little genetic diversity as P. pinea at both chloroplast and nuclear markers. However, the species harbors a nonnegligible amount of variation at adaptive traits. Thus a causal relationship between genetic diversity, as measured by marker loci, and the evolutionary precariousness of a species, cannot be taken for granted. |
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Address |
[Vendramin, Giovanni G.] Ist Genet Vegetale, Sez Firenze, Florence, Italy, Email: petit@pierroton.inra.fr |
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BLACKWELL PUBLISHING |
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ISSN |
0014-3820 |
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Notes |
ISI:000253758600016 |
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no |
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Call Number |
EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
141 |
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Author |
Tindo, M.; Kenne, M.; Dejean, A. |
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Title |
Advantages of multiple foundress colonies in Belonogaster juncea juncea L.: greater survival and increased productivity |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2008 |
Publication |
Ecological Entomology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ecol. Entomol. |
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Volume |
33 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
293-297 |
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Keywords |
colony development; evolution of eusociality; fitness; Polistinae; productivity |
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Abstract |
1. The ecological hypothesis predicts that multiple foundress colonies of social wasps may have a better survival rate and produce more brood per capita than single foundress colonies. With the aim of verifying if these characteristics exist in the primitively eusocial wasp species Belonogaster juncea juncea (L.), we monitored 49 foundations, including 13 single and 36 multiple foundress colonies, in Cameroon. 2. Multiple foundress colonies were significantly more successful than single foundress colonies in producing at least one adult. 3. The total productivity of the colonies increased significantly with the number of associated foundresses, but the productivity per capita did not. No single foundress colony reached the sexual phase, while eight (21.6%) multiple foundress colonies did. Males were produced in only five colonies, so that the sex ratio was biased in favour of females. 4. These results suggest that because of the strong ecological constraints on solitary nesting, survival and high colony productivity are two advantages of multiple foundress colonies in B. j. juncea. 5. The decreasing per capita productivity concomitant with an increasing number of females noted in this study illustrates once again Michener's paradox. The coefficient of variance of the per capita productivity significantly decreased with group size, as Wenzel and Pickering suggested in the model they created to explain the paradox. 6. Ecological factors may act in conjunction with other factors, such as genetic relatedness between associated foundresses, to promote joining behaviour in B. j. juncea. |
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Address |
[Tindo, Maurice; Kenne, Martin] Univ Douala, Fac Sci, BP Douala, Cameroon, Email: jtindo2000@yahoo.fr |
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BLACKWELL PUBLISHING |
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ISSN |
0307-6946 |
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Notes |
ISI:000253710000017 |
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no |
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Call Number |
EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
142 |
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Author |
Brendel, O.; Le Thiec, D.; Scotti-Saintagne, C.; Bodenes, C.; Kremer, A.; Guehl, J.M. |
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Title |
Quantitative trait loci controlling water use efficiency and related traits in Quercus robur L |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2008 |
Publication |
Tree Genetics & Genomes |
Abbreviated Journal |
Tree Genet. Genomes |
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Volume |
4 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
263-278 |
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Keywords |
Quercus robur; carbon isotope composition; delta C-13; water use efficiency; QTL |
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Abstract |
Genetic variation for intrinsic water use efficiency (W-i) and related traits was estimated in a full-sib family of Quercus robur L. over 3 years. The genetic linkage map available for this F1 family was used to locate quantitative trait loci (QTL) for W-i, as estimated by leaf carbon stable isotope composition (delta C-13) or the ratio of net CO2 assimilation rate (A) to stomatal conductance to water vapour (g(w)) and related leaf traits. Gas exchange measurements were used to standardize estimates of A and g(w) and to model the sensitivity of gw to leaf-to-air vapour pressure deficit (sg(VPD)). delta C-13 varied by more than 3% among the siblings, which is equivalent to 40% variation of W-i. Most of the studied traits exhibited high clonal mean repeat-abilities (> 50%; proportion of clonal mean variability in global variance). Repeatabilities for delta C-13, leaf mass per area (LMA) and leaf nitrogen content were higher than 70%. For delta C-13, ten QTLs were detected, one of which was detected repeatedly for all 3 years and consistently explained more than 20% of measured variance. Four genomic regions were found in which co-localizing traits linked variation in W-i to variations in leaf chlorophyll and nitrogen content, LMA and sg(VPD). A positive correlation using clonal means between delta C-13 and A/g(w), as well as a co-localisation of QTL detected for both traits, can be seen as validation of the theoretical model linking the genetic architecture of these two traits. |
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Address |
[Brendel, Oliver; Le Thiec, Didier; Guehl, Jean-Marc] Ctr INRA Nancy, UMR INRA UHP 1137, F-54280 Seichamps, France, Email: brendel@nancy.inra.fr |
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Publisher |
SPRINGER HEIDELBERG |
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ISSN |
1614-2942 |
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Notes |
ISI:000253091100013 |
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no |
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Call Number |
EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
143 |
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Author |
Bleron, L.; Duchanois, G.; Thibaut, B. |
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Title |
Characteristic properties of embedding strength for the nailing of the gonfolio rose (Qualea rosea Aubl.) |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2008 |
Publication |
Holzforschung |
Abbreviated Journal |
Holzforschung |
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Volume |
62 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
86-90 |
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Keywords |
embedding strength; Eurocode V; nail |
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Abstract |
Experimental results are presented with single nail joints of gonfolo rose which were loaded at different grain angles and compared to results obtained by Eurocode V. A wide range of embedding strength tests was conducted. The embedding behaviour across the grain was also investigated with a specific test apparatus. The results were analysed and modelled in terms of strength. Initial loading and unloading stiffness of the timber have been taken into account. The embedment strength of the nails varied according to the angle between the direction of loading and that to the grain. This work is part of a larger research project to establish a computer program for the prediction of stiffness and limit strengths of all timber-to-timber and timber-to-steel joints. |
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Address |
[Bleron, Laurent] LABOMAP ENSAM, F-71250 Poret De Paris, Cluny, France, Email: laurent.bleron@cluny.ensam.fr |
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Publisher |
WALTER DE GRUYTER & CO |
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ISSN |
0018-3830 |
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Notes |
ISI:000252041400013 |
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no |
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Call Number |
EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
144 |
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Author |
Yatabe, Y.; Kane, N.C.; Scotti-Saintagne, C.; Rieseberg, L.H. |
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Title |
Rampant gene exchange across a strong reproductive barrier between the annual sunflowers, Helianthus annuus and H-petiolaris |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2007 |
Publication |
Genetics |
Abbreviated Journal |
Genetics |
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Volume |
175 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
1883-1893 |
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Abstract |
Plant species may remain morphologically distinct despite gene exchange with congeners, yet little is known about the genomewide pattern of introgression among species. Here we analyze the effects of persistent gene flow on genomic differentiation between the sympatric sunflower species Helianthus annuus and H. petiolaris. While the species are strongly isolated in testcrosses, genetic distances at 108 microsatellite loci and 14 sequenced genes are highly variable and much lower (on average) than for more closely related but historically allopatric congeners. Our analyses failed to detect a positive association between levels of genetic differentiation and chromosomal rearrangements (as reported in a prior publication) or proximity to QTL for morphological differences or hybrid sterility. However, a significant increase in differentiation was observed for markers within 5 cM of chromosomal breakpoints. Together, these results suggest that islands of differentiation between these two species are small, except in areas of low recombination. Furthermore, only microsatellites associated with ESTs were identified as outlier loci in tests for selection, which might indicate that the ESTs themselves are the targets of selection rather than linked genes (or that coding regions are not randomly distributed). In general, these results indicate that even strong and genetically complex reproductive barriers cannot prevent widespread introgression. |
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Address |
Indiana Univ, Dept Biol, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA, Email: lriesebe@indiana.edu |
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Publisher |
GENETICS |
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ISSN |
0016-6731 |
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Notes |
ISI:000246448800029 |
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no |
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Call Number |
EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
216 |
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Author |
Schimann, H.; Ponton, S.; Hattenschwiler, S.; Ferry, B.; Lensi, R.; Domenach, A.M.; Roggy, J.C. |
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Title |
Differing nitrogen use strategies of two tropical rainforest late successional tree species in French Guiana: Evidence from N-15 natural abundance and microbial activities |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2008 |
Publication |
Soil Biology & Biochemistry |
Abbreviated Journal |
Soil Biol. Biochem. |
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Volume |
40 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
487-494 |
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Keywords |
soil; litter; nitrate; nitrification; tree rooting; N-15; Eperua falcata; Dicorynia guianensis; tropical forest |
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Abstract |
Previous studies in lowland tropical rainforests of French Guiana showed that, among non-N-2-fixing trees, two groups of late successional species contrasting in their leaf N-15 natural abundance coexist, suggesting two different main ways of nitrogen acquisition. Two abundant late-successional species typically co-occurring in rainforests in French Guiana, namely Eperua falcata and Dicorynia guianensis, were chosen as representative of each group. Stable isotope techniques and measurements of potentials of microbial N transformation were performed to assess to what extent leaf N-15 natural abundance of these species could be related to (i) delta N-15 signatures of soil mineral N sources and (ii) the capacity of soil to express nitrification and denitrification (both processes being directly involved in the balance between NH4+ and NO3-). Soil delta N-15-NH4+ was roughly similar to leaf delta N-15 of D. guianensis (around 3.5 parts per thousand), suggesting a preferential use of NH4+, whereas in E. falcata, leaf delta N-15 values were closer to root delta N-15-NO3- values (0.2 and -2.0 parts per thousand, respectively), suggesting a preferential use of NO3-. These differences in N source utilization were not accompanied by differences in availability in soil NO3- or in intensity of microbial functions responsible for soil N mineral evolution. However, (i) under both tree species, these functions showed clear spatial partitioning, with denitrification occurring potentially in soil and nitrification in the litter layer, and (ii) E falcata fine roots colonized the litter layer much more strongly than D. guianensis fine roots. This strongly suggests that (i) the contrasted leaf delta N-15 values found in the two late-successional species reveal distinct N acquisition strategies and (ii) the ability of roots to predominantly exploit the litter layer (E falcata) or the soil (D. guianensis) may constitute an important explanation of the observed differences. A complementarity between tree species, based on mineral N resource partitioning (itself resulting from a spatially structured location of the microbial functions responsible for the balance between NH4+ and NO3-), n thus be supposed. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. |
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Address |
[Schimann, Heidy; Ponton, Stephane; Domenach, Anne-Marie; Roggy, Jean-Christophe] UMR Ecol Forets Guyane, F-97387 Kourou, French Guiana, Email: heidy_schimann@cirad.fr |
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PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD |
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ISSN |
0038-0717 |
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Notes |
ISI:000251655800021 |
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no |
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Call Number |
EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
146 |
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Author |
Herault, B. |
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Title |
Reconciling niche and neutrality through the Emergent Group approach |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2007 |
Publication |
Perspectives in Plant Ecology Evolution and Systematics |
Abbreviated Journal |
Perspect. Plant Ecol. Evol. Syst. |
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Volume |
9 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
71-78 |
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Keywords |
Biodiversity; ecological equivalency; biological traits; neutral theory; niche differentiation; redundancy |
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Abstract |
Both niche and neutral theories have been suggested as potential frameworks for modelling biodiversity. Niche models assume that biological traits represent evolutionary adaptations and define individuals in terms of functional trade-offs. Neutral models assume that all individuals at a single trophic level are functionally equivalent on a per capita basis with respect to their birth, death, dispersal and speciation. The opinion of many researchers is that neutral and niche processes operate simultaneously to generate diversity without knowing how the unification of both models can be achieved. Recently, several theoretical papers have reported evidence on the evolutionary emergence of niche structures shaping the emergence of groups of similar species. In this way, an Emergent Group is defined as a set of species that have a similar functional niche owing to a convergent ecological strategy. Central to the Emergent Group concept are the assumptions of functional equivalence within and of functional divergence between Emergent Groups. Within an Emergent Group, species richness is subject to a zero-sum rule set by the balance between the rate of individual loss and of immigration. Between Emergent Groups, tradeoffs such as seed size/seedling competitivity, investment in reproductive system/investment in vegetative systems or competitive ability/predator invulnerability are cornerstones of the evolutionary divergence. Delineating Emergent Groups amounts to reaching a compromise between maximizing niche differentiation (i.e. maximizing differences in functional tradeoffs) between Emergent Groups and maximizing neutrality within Emergent Groups. Up to now, the Emergent Group concept has been mostly proposed by theoretical scientists but it should be tested by empirical ecologists. The way in which niche and neutral models could be combined provides a profitable opportunity for theoretical and empirical scientists to collaborate fruitfully. (c) 2007 Rubel Foundation, ETH Zurich. Published by Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved. |
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Address |
[Herault, Bruno] Univ Antilles Guyane, UMR Ecol Forets Guyane, F-97379 Kourou, France, Email: Bruno.Herault@cirad.fr |
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Publisher |
ELSEVIER GMBH, URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG |
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ISSN |
1433-8319 |
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Notes |
ISI:000251685100002 |
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no |
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Call Number |
EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
147 |
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Author |
Jaouen, G.; Almeras, T.; Coutand, C.; Fournier, M. |
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Title |
How to determine sapling buckling risk with only a few measurements |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2007 |
Publication |
American Journal of Botany |
Abbreviated Journal |
Am. J. Bot. |
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Volume |
94 |
Issue |
10 |
Pages |
1583-1593 |
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Keywords |
biomechanics; critical buckling height; French Guiana; risk factor; sapling; stem form; tropical rain forest; trunk volume |
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Abstract |
Tree buckling risk (actual height/critical buckling height) is an important biomechanical trait of plant growth strategies, and one that contributes to species coexistence. To estimate the diversity of this trait among wide samples, a method that minimizes damage to the plants is necessary. On the basis of the rarely used, complete version of Greenhill's model (1881, Proceedings of the Cambridge Philosophical Society 4(2): 65-73), we precisely measured all the necessary parameters on a sample of 236 saplings of 16 species. Then, using sensitivity (variance) analysis, regressions between successive models for risk factors and species ranks and the use of these models on samples of self- and nonself-supporting saplings, we tested different degrees of simplification up to the most simple and widely used formula that assumes that the tree is a cylindrical homogeneous pole. The size factor had the greatest effect on buckling risk, followed by the form factor and the modulus of elasticity of the wood. Therefore, estimates of buckling risk must consider not only the wood properties but especially the form factor. Finally, we proposed a simple but accurate method of assessing tree buckling risk that is applicable to a wide range of samples and that requires mostly nondestructive measurements. |
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Address |
INRA, UMR Ecol Forets Guyane, Kourou 97379, French Guiana, Email: jaouen-g@kourou.cirad.fr |
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Publisher |
BOTANICAL SOC AMER INC |
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ISSN |
0002-9122 |
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Notes |
ISI:000251466600001 |
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no |
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Call Number |
EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
148 |
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Author |
Rockwell, C.A.; Kainer, K.A.; Staudhammer, C.L.; Baraloto, C. |
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Title |
Future crop tree damage in a certified community forest in southwestern Amazonia |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2007 |
Publication |
Forest Ecology and Management |
Abbreviated Journal |
For. Ecol. Manage. |
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Volume |
242 |
Issue |
2-3 |
Pages |
108-118 |
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Keywords |
bamboo; community forest management; forest certification; Guadua; liana; marking; reduced-impact logging; RIL; timber management; tropical forest |
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Abstract |
Field studies in Acre, Brazil assessed logging impacts of a certified community timber management project. The main objectives of the study were: (1) to determine if damage incidence to future crop trees (FCTs; >= 20 cm diameter at breast height (dbh)) differs between (a) forest with and without bamboo (Guadua spp.), and (b) trees with and without lianas; (2) to what extent harvesting can be conducted more intensely (m(3)ha(-1)), without incurring greater FCT damage; and (3) to what extent marking diminishes FCT damage. Full inventories of FCTs of 50 commercial species complexes were conducted before and after logging in 50 m-radius zones of impact around each designated harvest tree in three 10 ha (200 m x 500 m) logging blocks. We also mapped all forested areas potentially influenced by logging, including skid trails, log landings and felling gaps, throughout the 30 ha logged. More than 28% of the forest area was disturbed by logging, with 12.1% in skid trails and 16.8% in gap clearings, indicating that the forest gap mosaic can be significantly altered even when reduced-impact logging guidelines are followed. Overall, 15% of FCTs inventoried were damaged. Damage rates were not significantly reduced by marking treatment, location in bamboo-dominated forest, or liana load on FCT damage. Harvest intensity did not influence the probability of FCT damage. For future studies, it would be prudent to address impacts of timber extraction on other livelihood activities, such as non-timber forest product collection, particularly in such regions as the Brazilian Amazon, where many communities are attempting to integrate a suite of income-generating activities. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. |
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Address |
Univ Florida, Sch Forest Resources & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA, Email: crockwel@ufl.edu |
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Publisher |
ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV |
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ISSN |
0378-1127 |
ISBN |
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Notes |
ISI:000246268100003 |
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no |
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Call Number |
EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
217 |
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Author |
Yamamoto, H.; Almeras, T. |
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Title |
A mathematical verification of the reinforced-matrix hypothesis using the Mori-Tanaka theory |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2007 |
Publication |
Journal of Wood Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Wood Sci. |
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Volume |
53 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
505-509 |
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Keywords |
Engineering |
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Abstract |
This article presents a theoretical verification of the reinforced-matrix hypothesis derived from tensor equations, σ W = σ f + σ m and ε W = ε f = ε m (Wood Sci Technol 32:171–182, 1998; Wood Sci Technol 33:311–325, 1999; J Biomech Eng 124:432–440, 2002), using classical Mori-Tanaka theory on the micromechanics of fiber-reinforced materials (Acta Metall 21:571–574, 1973; Micromechanics — dislcation and inclusions (in Japanese), pp 141–147, 1976). The Mori-Tanaka theory was applied to a small fragment of the cell wall undergoing changes in its physical state, such as those arising from sorption of moisture, maturation of wall components, or action of an external force, to obtain ⟨σ A⟩D = ϕ·⟨σ F⟩I + (1−ϕ)·⟨σ M⟩D−I. When the constitutive equation of each constituent material was applied to the equation ⟨σ A⟩D = ϕ·⟨σ F⟩I + (1−ϕ)·⟨σ M⟩D−I, the equations σ W = σ f + σ m and ε W = ε f = ε m were derived to lend support to the concept that two main phases, the reinforcing cellulose microfibril and the lignin-hemicellulose matrix, coexist in the same domain. The constitutive equations for the cell wall fragment were obtained without recourse to additional parameters such as Eshelby’s tensor S and Hill’s averaged concentration tensors AF and AM. In our previous articles, the coexistence of two main phases and σ W = σ f + σ m and ε W = ε f =ε m had been taken as our starting point to formulate the behavior of wood fiber with multilayered cell walls. The present article provides a rational explanation for both concepts. |
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Springer Japan |
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1435-0211 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
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215 |
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