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Jaouen, G.; Almeras, T.; Coutand, C.; Fournier, M. |
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Title |
How to determine sapling buckling risk with only a few measurements |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2007 |
Publication |
American Journal of Botany |
Abbreviated Journal |
Am. J. Bot. |
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Volume |
94 |
Issue  |
10 |
Pages |
1583-1593 |
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Keywords |
biomechanics; critical buckling height; French Guiana; risk factor; sapling; stem form; tropical rain forest; trunk volume |
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Abstract |
Tree buckling risk (actual height/critical buckling height) is an important biomechanical trait of plant growth strategies, and one that contributes to species coexistence. To estimate the diversity of this trait among wide samples, a method that minimizes damage to the plants is necessary. On the basis of the rarely used, complete version of Greenhill's model (1881, Proceedings of the Cambridge Philosophical Society 4(2): 65-73), we precisely measured all the necessary parameters on a sample of 236 saplings of 16 species. Then, using sensitivity (variance) analysis, regressions between successive models for risk factors and species ranks and the use of these models on samples of self- and nonself-supporting saplings, we tested different degrees of simplification up to the most simple and widely used formula that assumes that the tree is a cylindrical homogeneous pole. The size factor had the greatest effect on buckling risk, followed by the form factor and the modulus of elasticity of the wood. Therefore, estimates of buckling risk must consider not only the wood properties but especially the form factor. Finally, we proposed a simple but accurate method of assessing tree buckling risk that is applicable to a wide range of samples and that requires mostly nondestructive measurements. |
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INRA, UMR Ecol Forets Guyane, Kourou 97379, French Guiana, Email: jaouen-g@kourou.cirad.fr |
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BOTANICAL SOC AMER INC |
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0002-9122 |
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ISI:000251466600001 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
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148 |
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Gonzalez, M.A.; Baraloto, C.; Engel, J.; Mori, S.A.; Petronelli, P.; Riera, B.; Roger, A.; Thebaud, C.; Chave, J. |
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Title |
Identification of Amazonian Trees with DNA Barcodes |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2009 |
Publication |
PLoS One |
Abbreviated Journal |
PLoS One |
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Volume |
4 |
Issue |
10 |
Pages |
e7483 |
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Background: Large-scale plant diversity inventories are critical to develop informed conservation strategies. However, the workload required for classic taxonomic surveys remains high and is particularly problematic for megadiverse tropical forests. Methodology/Principal Findings: Based on a comprehensive census of all trees in two hectares of a tropical forest in French Guiana, we examined whether plant DNA barcoding could contribute to increasing the quality and the pace of tropical plant biodiversity surveys. Of the eight plant DNA markers we tested (rbcLa, rpoC1, rpoB, matK, ycf5, trnL, psbA-trnH, ITS), matK and ITS had a low rate of sequencing success. More critically, none of the plastid markers achieved a rate of correct plant identification greater than 70%, either alone or combined. The performance of all barcoding markers was noticeably low in few species-rich clades, such as the Laureae, and the Sapotaceae. A field test of the approach enabled us to detect 130 molecular operational taxonomic units in a sample of 252 juvenile trees. Including molecular markers increased the identification rate of juveniles from 72% (morphology alone) to 96% (morphology and molecular) of the individuals assigned to a known tree taxon. Conclusion/Significance: We conclude that while DNA barcoding is an invaluable tool for detecting errors in identifications and for identifying plants at juvenile stages, its limited ability to identify collections will constrain the practical implementation of DNA-based tropical plant biodiversity programs. |
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PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE |
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1932-6203 |
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ISI:000270880700009 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
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189 |
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Seymour, R.S.; Gibernau, M.; Pirintsos, S.A. |
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Title |
Thermogenesis of three species of Arum from Crete |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2009 |
Publication |
Plant Cell and Environment |
Abbreviated Journal |
Plant Cell Environ. |
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Volume |
32 |
Issue |
10 |
Pages |
1467-1476 |
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Keywords |
Araceae; arum lily; inflorescence; pollination; temperature regulation |
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Abstract |
Inflorescences of arum lilies have a three-part spadix with a scent-producing, sterile appendix above two bands of fertile male and female florets. The appendix and male florets are thermogenic, but with different temporal patterns. Heat-production was measured in Arum concinnatum, A. creticum and A. idaeum. The male florets of A. concinnatum showed a 3 d continuous episode of thermogenesis with three waves, and the appendix warmed in a single, 6 h episode. Maximum fresh-mass-specific CO2 production rate was 0.17 μmol s(-1) g(-1) to achieve a 10.9 degrees C temperature elevation by the appendix, and 0.92 μmol s(-1) g(-1) to achieve a 4.8 degrees C elevation by male florets. Reversible, physiological temperature regulation was not evident in either tissue. Respiration increased with tissue temperatures with Q(10) values of 1.8-3.9, rather than less than 1.0 as occurs in thermoregulatory flowers. Experimental step changes in temperature of appendix and male floret tissues also failed to show thermoregulatory responses. The patterns of thermogenesis therefore appear to be fixed by the temporal sequence of blooming. Thermogenesis in the alpine species, A. creticum and A. idaeum, was significantly lower than in the lowland A. concinnatum, possibly related to difficulty in raising floral temperature in their cold and windy habitat. |
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[Seymour, Roger S.] Univ Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia, Email: roger.seymour@adelaide.edu.au |
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WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC |
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0140-7791 |
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ISI:000269592300016 |
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no |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
195 |
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Gloor, M.; Phillips, O.L.; Lloyd, J.J.; Lewis, S.L.; Malhi, Y.; Baker, T.R.; Lopez-Gonzalez, G.; Peacock, J.; Almeida, S.; de Oliveira, A.C.A.; Alvarez, E.; Amaral, I.; Arroyo, L.; Aymard, G.; Banki, O.; Blanc, L.; Bonal, D.; Brando, P.; Chao, K.J.; Chave, J.; Davila, N.; Erwin, T.; Silva, J.; Di Fiore, A.; Feldpausch, T.R.; Freitas, A.; Herrera, R.; Higuchi, N.; Honorio, E.; Jimenez, E.; Killeen, T.; Laurance, W.; Mendoza, C.; Monteagudo, A.; Andrade, A.; Neill, D.; Nepstad, D.; Vargas, P.N.; Penuela, M.C.; Cruz, A.P.; Prieto, A.; Pitman, N.; Quesada, C.; Salomao, R.; Silveira, M.; Schwarz, M.; Stropp, J.; Ramirez, F.; Ramirez, H.; Rudas, A.; ter Steege, H.; Silva, N.; Torres, A.; Terborgh, J.; Vasquez, R.; van der Heijden, G. |
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Title |
Does the disturbance hypothesis explain the biomass increase in basin-wide Amazon forest plot data? |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2009 |
Publication |
Global Change Biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Glob. Change Biol. |
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Volume |
15 |
Issue |
10 |
Pages |
2418-2430 |
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Keywords |
Amazon rainforest; carbon sink; disturbance; mortality; power law |
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Abstract |
Positive aboveground biomass trends have been reported from old-growth forests across the Amazon basin and hypothesized to reflect a large-scale response to exterior forcing. The result could, however, be an artefact due to a sampling bias induced by the nature of forest growth dynamics. Here, we characterize statistically the disturbance process in Amazon old-growth forests as recorded in 135 forest plots of the RAINFOR network up to 2006, and other independent research programmes, and explore the consequences of sampling artefacts using a data-based stochastic simulator. Over the observed range of annual aboveground biomass losses, standard statistical tests show that the distribution of biomass losses through mortality follow an exponential or near-identical Weibull probability distribution and not a power law as assumed by others. The simulator was parameterized using both an exponential disturbance probability distribution as well as a mixed exponential-power law distribution to account for potential large-scale blowdown events. In both cases, sampling biases turn out to be too small to explain the gains detected by the extended RAINFOR plot network. This result lends further support to the notion that currently observed biomass gains for intact forests across the Amazon are actually occurring over large scales at the current time, presumably as a response to climate change. |
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[Gloor, M.; Phillips, O. L.; Lloyd, J. J.; Lewis, S. L.; Baker, T. R.; Lopez-Gonzalez, G.; Peacock, J.; Feldpausch, T. R.] Univ Leeds, Sch Geog, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England, Email: eugloor@googlemail.com |
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WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC |
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1354-1013 |
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ISI:000269577800006 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
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196 |
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Marti, G.; Eparvier, V.; Litaudon, M.; Grellier, P.; Gueritte, F. |
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Title |
A New Xanthone from the Bark Extract of Rheedia acuminata and Antiplasmodial Activity of Its Major Compounds |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2010 |
Publication |
Molecules |
Abbreviated Journal |
Molecules |
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Volume |
15 |
Issue |
10 |
Pages |
7106-7114 |
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Keywords |
Rheedia acuminata, Clusiaceae; xanthones; antiplasmodial activity; cytotoxicity |
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Bioassay-guided fractionation of the ethyl acetate bark extract of Rheedia acuminata led to the isolation of the new compound 1,5,6-trihydroxy-3-methoxy-7-geranyl-xanthone (1), together with four known compounds 2-5. These compounds were tested in vitro for their antiplasmodial activity on a chloroquine-resistant strain of Plasmodium falciparum (FcB1) and for their cytotoxicity against the human diploid embryonic lung cell line MRC-5. |
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[Eparvier, Veronique] CNRS, UPS2561, F-97300 Cayenne, France, Email: guillaume.marti@icsn.cnrs-gif.fr |
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MDPI AG |
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1420-3049 |
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ISI:000283587400030 |
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no |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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282 |
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Hibert, F.; Sabatier, D.; Andrivot, J.; Scotti-Saintagne, C.; Gonzalez, S.; Prévost, M.-F.; Grenand, P.; Chave, J.; Caron, H.; Richard-Hansen, C. |
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Botany, genetics and ethnobotany: A crossed investigation on the elusive tapir's diet in French guiana |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2011 |
Publication |
PLoS One |
Abbreviated Journal |
PLoS ONE |
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Volume |
6 |
Issue |
10 |
Pages |
e25850 |
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Abstract |
While the populations of large herbivores are being depleted in many tropical rainforests, the importance of their trophic role in the ecological functioning and biodiversity of these ecosystems is still not well evaluated. This is due to the outstanding plant diversity that they feed upon and the inherent difficulties involved in observing their elusive behaviour. Classically, the diet of elusive tropical herbivores is studied through the observation of browsing signs and macroscopic analysis of faeces or stomach contents. In this study, we illustrate that the original coupling of classic methods with genetic and ethnobotanical approaches yields information both about the diet diversity, the foraging modalities and the potential impact on vegetation of the largest terrestrial mammal of Amazonia, the lowland tapir. The study was conducted in the Guianan shield, where the ecology of tapirs has been less investigated. We identified 92 new species, 51 new genera and 13 new families of plants eaten by tapirs. We discuss the relative contribution of our different approaches, notably the contribution of genetic barcoding, used for the first time to investigate the diet of a large tropical mammal, and how local traditional ecological knowledge is accredited and valuable for research on the ecology of elusive animals. © 2011 Hibert et al. |
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INRA, Université de Bordeaux, UMR1202 BIOGECO, Cestas, France |
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19326203 (Issn) |
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Export Date: 21 October 2011; Source: Scopus; Art. No.: e25850; doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0025850; Language of Original Document: English; Correspondence Address: Hibert, F.; Direction Etudes et Recherches Guyane, Office National de la Chasse et de la Faune Sauvage, Kourou, French Guiana, France; email: fabricenz@gmail.com |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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343 |
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Nirma, C.; Rodrigues, A.M.S.; Basset, C.; Chevolot, L.; Girod, R.; Moretti, C.; Stien, D.; Dusfour, I.; Eparvier, V. |
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Title |
Larvicidal activity of isoflavonoids from Muellera frutescens extracts against Aedes aegypti |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2012 |
Publication |
Natural Product Communications |
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Volume |
7 |
Issue |
10 |
Pages |
1319-1322 |
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Aedes aegypti; French Guiana; Insecticides; Isoflavonoids; Muellera frutescens |
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The biological activity of extracts from the leaves, bark and roots of Muellera frutescens, an Amazonian ichtyotoxic plant, were evaluated to find new environmentally safe insecticides. The n-hexane extracts of bark, leaf, and root showed a strong toxic activity against Aedes aegypti mosquito larvae. Bioguided fractionation of the bark extract led to the isolation of seven isoflavonoids (12a-hydroxyelliptone, elliptone, (-)-variabilin, rotenone, rotenolone, tephrosin and deguelin). Rotenone and deguelin are responsible for the larvicidal activity of the plant. M. frutescens leaves contain up to 0.6%, w/w, deguelin. These results justify the traditional ichtyotoxic use of M. frutescens. The leaves contain a relatively high proportion of deguelin and, therefore, can be considered as a renewable source of this environmentally friendly insecticidal isoflavonoid. |
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CNRS, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, UPR 2301, 1 avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France |
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Export Date: 6 December 2012; Source: Scopus |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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448 |
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Dejean, A.; Revel, M.; Azémar, F.; Roux, O. |
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Title |
Altruism during predation in an assassin bug |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2013 |
Publication |
Naturwissenschaften |
Abbreviated Journal |
Naturwissenschaften |
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Volume |
100 |
Issue |
10 |
Pages |
913-922 |
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Conspecific tolerance; Predation; Prey sharing; Reduviidae; Zelus annulosus |
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Zelus annulosus is an assassin bug species mostly noted on Hirtella physophora, a myrmecophyte specifically associated with the ant Allomerus decemarticulatus known to build traps on host tree twigs to ambush insect preys. The Z. annulosus females lay egg clutches protected by a sticky substance. To avoid being trapped, the first three instars of nymphs remain grouped in a clutch beneath the leaves on which they hatched, yet from time to time, they climb onto the upper side to group ambush preys. Long-distance prey detection permits these bugs to capture flying or jumping insects that alight on their leaves. Like some other Zelus species, the sticky substance of the sundew setae on their forelegs aids in prey capture. Group ambushing permits early instars to capture insects that they then share or not depending on prey size and the hunger of the successful nymphs. Fourth and fifth instars, with greater needs, rather ambush solitarily on different host tree leaves, but attract siblings to share large preys. Communal feeding permits faster prey consumption, enabling small nymphs to return sooner to the shelter of their leaves. By improving the regularity of feeding for each nymph, it likely regulates nymphal development, synchronizing molting and subsequently limiting cannibalism. © 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. |
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IRD, Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs, Ecologie, Genetique, Evolution et Controle (UMR-IRD 224), IRD 01, BP 171, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso |
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00281042 (Issn) |
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Export Date: 30 October 2013; Source: Scopus; Coden: Natwa; doi: 10.1007/s00114-013-1091-9; Language of Original Document: English; Correspondence Address: Dejean, A.; Écologie des Forêts de Guyane, Campus Agronomique, BP 316, 97379 Kourou cedex, France; email: alain.dejean@wanadoo.fr |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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508 |
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Mony, R.; Dejean, A.; Bilong, C.F.B.; Kenne, M.; Rouland-Lefèvre, C. |
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Melissotarsus ants are likely able to digest plant polysaccharides |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2013 |
Publication |
Comptes Rendus – Biologies |
Abbreviated Journal |
C. R. Biol. |
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Volume |
336 |
Issue |
10 |
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500-504 |
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Ant-plant interactions; Degradation of plant material; Enzymatic activity; Melissotarsus ants |
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Melissotarsus ants have an extremely specialized set of behaviours. Both workers and gynes tunnel galleries in their host tree bark. Workers walk with their mesothoracic legs pointing upwards and tend Diaspididae hemiptera for their flesh. The ants use their forelegs to plug the galleries with silk that they secrete themselves. We hypothesised that the ants' energetic needs for nearly constant gallery digging could be satisfied through the absorption of host tree tissues; so, using basic techniques, we examined the digestive capacities of workers from two species. We show that workers are able to degrade oligosaccharides and heterosides as well as, to a lesser degree, polysaccharides. This is one of the rare reports on ants able to digest plant polysaccharides other than starch. © 2013 Académie des sciences. |
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IRD, UMR BIOEMCO-IBIOS, 32, rue Henri-Varagnat, 93143 Bondy cedex, France |
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16310691 (Issn) |
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Export Date: 6 December 2013; Source: Scopus; Coden: Crboc; doi: 10.1016/j.crvi.2013.08.003; Language of Original Document: English; Correspondence Address: Dejean, A.; Université de Toulouse, UPS, Ecolab, 118, route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, France; email: alain.dejean@wanadoo.fr; References: Hölldobler, B., Wilson, E.O., (1990) The Ants, , Harvard University Press Cambridge, MA, USA 730 p; Duchesne, L.C., Larson, D.W., Cellulose and the evolution of plant life (1989) BioScience, 39, pp. 238-241; Watanabe, H., Tokuda, G., Cellulolytic Systems in Insects (2010) Annu. Rev. Entomol., 55, pp. 609-632; Wenzel, M., Schonig, I., Berchtold, M., Kampfer, P., König, K., Aerobic and facultatively anaerobic cellulolytic bacteria from the gut of the Termite Zootermopsis angusticollis (2002) J. Appl. Microbiol., 92, pp. 32-40; Brune, A., Microbial symbioses in the digestive tract of lower termites (2011) Beneficial Microorganisms in Multicellular Life Forms, pp. 3-25. , E. Rosenberg, U. 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Dejean, A.; Groc, S.; Herault, B.; Rodriguez-Pérez, H.; Touchard, A.; Céréghino, R.; Delabie, J.H.C.; Corbara, B. |
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Bat aggregation mediates the functional structure of ant assemblages |
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2015 |
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Comptes Rendus – Biologies |
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Comptes Rendus – Biologies |
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338 |
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10 |
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688-695 |
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Ant functional groups; Bat roosts; Biogeochemical hotspots; Bioindicators; Stable isotopes |
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In the Guianese rainforest, we examined the impact of the presence of guano in and around a bat roosting site (a cave). We used ant communities as an indicator to evaluate this impact because they occupy a central place in the functioning of tropical rainforest ecosystems and they play different roles in the food web as they can be herbivores, generalists, scavengers or predators. The ant species richness around the cave did not differ from a control sample situated 500m away. Yet, the comparison of functional groups resulted in significantly greater numbers of detritivorous fungus-growing and predatory ant colonies around the cave compared to the control, the contrary being true for nectar and honeydew feeders. The role of bats, through their guano, was shown using stable isotope analyses as we noted significantly greater δ15N values for the ant species captured in and around the cave compared to controls. © 2015 Académie des sciences. |
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Laboratoire Microorganismes, Génome et Environnement, Université Clermont-Auvergne, Université Blaise-Pascal, BP 10448, Clermont-Ferrand, France |
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Export Date: 2 October 2015 |
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