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Lehnebach, R.; Beyer, R.; Letort, V.; Heuret, P. |
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Corrigendum: The pipe model theory half a century on: A review (Annals of Botany DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcx194) |
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2018 |
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Annals of Botany |
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Annals of Botany |
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121 |
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7 |
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1427 |
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There was an error in the affiliations of Véronique Letort. The correct affiliation is Laboratory of Mathematics in Interaction with Computer Science (MICS), CentraleSupélec, France The online paper has been corrected. |
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Export Date: 16 July 2018 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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Hérault, B.; Piponiot, C. |
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Key drivers of ecosystem recovery after disturbance in a neotropical forest: Long-term lessons from the Paracou experiment, French Guiana |
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2018 |
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Forest Ecosystems |
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Forest Ecosystems |
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5 |
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2 |
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Amazonia; Carbon fluxes; Climate change; Ecological resilience; Ecosystem modeling; Tropical forests |
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Background: Natural disturbance is a fundamental component of the functioning of tropical rainforests let to natural dynamics, with tree mortality the driving force of forest renewal. With ongoing global (i.e. land-use and climate) changes, tropical forests are currently facing deep and rapid modifications in disturbance regimes that may hamper their recovering capacity so that developing robust predictive model able to predict ecosystem resilience and recovery becomes of primary importance for decision-making: (i) Do regenerating forests recover faster than mature forests given the same level of disturbance? (ii) Is the local topography an important predictor of the post-disturbance forest trajectories? (iii) Is the community functional composition, assessed with community weighted-mean functional traits, a good predictor of carbon stock recovery? (iv) How important is the climate stress (seasonal drought and/or soil water saturation) in shaping the recovery trajectory? Methods: Paracou is a large scale forest disturbance experiment set up in 1984 with nine 6.25 ha plots spanning on a large disturbance gradient where 15 to 60% of the initial forest ecosystem biomass were removed. More than 70,000 trees belonging to ca. 700 tree species have then been censused every 2 years up today. Using this unique dataset, we aim at deciphering the endogenous (forest structure and composition) and exogenous (local environment and climate stress) drivers of ecosystem recovery in time. To do so, we disentangle carbon recovery into demographic processes (recruitment, growth, mortality fluxes) and cohorts (recruited trees, survivors). Results: Variations in the pre-disturbance forest structure or in local environment do not shape significantly the ecosystem recovery rates. Variations in the pre-disturbance forest composition and in the post-disturbance climate significantly change the forest recovery trajectory. Pioneer-rich forests have slower recovery rates than assemblages of late-successional species. Soil water saturation during the wet season strongly impedes ecosystem recovery but not seasonal drought. From a sensitivity analysis, we highlight the pre-disturbance forest composition and the post-disturbance climate conditions as the primary factors controlling the recovery trajectory. Conclusions: Highly-disturbed forests and secondary forests because they are composed of a lot of pioneer species will be less able to cope with new disturbance. In the context of increasing tree mortality due to both (i) severe droughts imputable to climate change and (ii) human-induced perturbations, tropical forest management should focus on reducing disturbances by developing Reduced Impact Logging techniques. |
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Université de la Guyane, UMR EcoFoG (AgroParistech, Cirad, CNRS, Inra, Université des Antilles), Campus Agronomique, Kourou, French Guiana, 97310, France |
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Cited By :1; Export Date: 1 September 2018 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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812 |
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Piponiot, C.; Derroire, G.; Descroix, L.; Mazzei, L.; Rutishauser, E.; Sist, P.; Hérault, B. |
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Assessing timber volume recovery after disturbance in tropical forests – A new modelling framework |
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2018 |
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Ecological Modelling |
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384 |
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353-369 |
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Disturbance; Ecosystem modelling; Recovery; Sustainability; Tropical forest management |
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One third of contemporary tropical forests is designated by national forest services for timber production. Tropical forests are also increasingly affected by anthropogenic disturbances. However, there is still much uncertainty around the capacity of tropical forests to recover their timber volume after logging as well as other disturbances such as fires, large blow-downs and extreme droughts, and thus on the long-term sustainability of logging. We developed an original Bayesian hierarchical model of Volume Dynamics with Differential Equations (VDDE) to infer the dynamic of timber volumes as the result of two ecosystem processes: volume gains from tree growth and volume losses from tree mortality. Both processes are expressed as explicit functions of the forest maturity, i.e. the overall successional stage of the forest that primarily depends on the frequency and severity of the disturbances that the forest has undergone. As a case study, the VDDE model was calibrated with data from Paracou, a long-term disturbance experiment in a neotropical forest where over 56 ha of permanent forest plots were logged with different intensities and censused for 31 years. With this model, we could predict timber recovery at Paracou at the end of a cutting cycle depending on the logging intensity, the rotation cycle length, and the proportion of commercial volume. The VDDE modelling framework developed presents three main advantages: (i) it can be calibrated with large tree inventories which are widely available from national forest inventories or logging concession management plans and are easy to measure, both on the field and with remote sensing; (ii) it depends on only a few input parameters, which can be an advantage in tropical regions where data availability is scarce; (iii) the modelling framework is flexible enough to explicitly include the effect of other types of disturbances (both natural and anthropogenic: e.g. blow-downs, fires and climate change) on the forest maturity, and thus to predict future timber provision in the tropics in a context of global changes. © 2018 Elsevier B.V. |
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INPHB (Institut National Polytechnique Félix Houphouet Boigny), Yamoussoukro, Cote d'Ivoire |
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Export Date: 1 September 2018 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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813 |
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Medjigbodo, G.; Rozière, E.; Charrier, K.; Izoret, L.; Loukili, A. |
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Hydration, shrinkage, and durability of ternary binders containing Portland cement, limestone filler and metakaolin |
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2018 |
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Construction and Building Materials |
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183 |
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114-126 |
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Durability; Limestone filler; Metakaolin; Shrinkage; Strength; Ternary binders |
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A partial replacement of the clinker by latent hydraulic or pozzolanic materials is encouraged due to environmental and specific technical requirements. Such substitution remains limited to a relatively low level (less than 30% by mass of cementitious materials). An experimental research work was carried out on mortars made with binary and ternary binders (Portland cement; metakaolin; limestone filler) to reach 45% total replacement. In order to investigate the activating effect of reduced water-to-cement ratio, two series of mixtures were designed with W/C0 of 0.42 and 0.5. Their heat of hydration, portlandite content, shrinkage, porosity, and carbonation were monitored. The tests were performed to understand the evolution of their relative strength (activity index) and durability parameters. The strength development of mortars with ternary binders was found to depend on metakaolin properties, including manufacturing process and particle size distribution. Reducing W/C0 ratio accelerated pozzolanic reaction and allowed improving early-age strength and durability parameters. © 2018 Elsevier Ltd |
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Association Technique de l'Industrie des Liants Hydrauliques (ATILH), 7 place de la Défense, Paris La Défense, 92974, France |
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Export Date: 1 September 2018 |
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814 |
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Dejean, A.; Azémar, F.; Petitclerc, F.; Delabie, J.H.C.; Corbara, B.; Leroy, C.; Céréghino, R.; Compin, A. |
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Highly modular pattern in ant-plant interactions involving specialized and non-specialized myrmecophytes |
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2018 |
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Science of Nature |
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105 |
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43 |
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Ant-plant mutualism; Ecological network; Modularity; Myrmecophytes; Nestedness; Sympatric species |
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Because Tachia guianensis (Gentianaceae) is a “non-specialized myrmecophyte” associated with 37 ant species, we aimed to determine if its presence alters the ant guild associated with sympatric “specialized myrmecophytes” (i.e., plants sheltering a few ant species in hollow structures). The study was conducted in a hilly zone of a neotropical rainforest where two specialized myrmecophytes grow at the bottom of the slopes, another at mid-slope, and a fourth on the hilltops. Tachia guianensis, which occurred everywhere, had its own guild of associated ant species. A network analysis showed that its connections with the four other myrmecophytes were rare and weak, the whole resulting in a highly modular pattern of interactions with one module (i.e., subnetwork) per myrmecophyte. Three ant species parasitized three out of the four specialized myrmecophytes (low nestedness noted), but were not or barely associated with T. guianensis that therefore did not influence the parasitism of specialized myrmecophytes. © 2018, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature. |
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AMAP, IRD, CIRAD, CNRS, INRA, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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815 |
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Chaves, C.L.; Degen, B.; Pakull, B.; Mader, M.; Honorio, E.; Ruas, P.; Tysklind, N.; Sebbenn, A.M. |
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Assessing the Ability of Chloroplast and Nuclear DNA Gene Markers to Verify the Geographic Origin of Jatoba (Hymenaea courbaril L.) Timber |
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2018 |
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Journal of Heredity |
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109 |
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5 |
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543-552 |
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forensics; illegal logging; nSSRs; SNPs; timber tracking; tropical trees |
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Deforestation-reinforced by illegal logging-is a serious problem in many tropical regions and causes pervasive environmental and economic damage. Existing laws that intend to reduce illegal logging need efficient, fraud resistant control methods. We developed a genetic reference database for Jatoba (Hymenaea courbaril), an important, high value timber species from the Neotropics. The data set can be used for controls on declarations of wood origin. Samples from 308 Hymenaea trees from 12 locations in Brazil, Bolivia, Peru, and French Guiana have been collected and genotyped on 10 nuclear microsatellites (nSSRs), 13 chloroplast SNPs (cpSNP), and 1 chloroplast indel marker. The chloroplast gene markers have been developed using Illumina DNA sequencing. Bayesian cluster analysis divided the individuals based on the nSSRs into 8 genetic groups. Using self-assignment tests, the power of the genetic reference database to judge on declarations on the location has been tested for 3 different assignment methods. We observed a strong genetic differentiation among locations leading to high and reliable self-assignment rates for the locations between 50% to 100% (average of 88%). Although all 3 assignment methods came up with similar mean self-assignment rates, there were differences for some locations linked to the level of genetic diversity, differentiation, and heterozygosity. Our results show that the nuclear and chloroplast gene markers are effective to be used for a genetic certification system and can provide national and international authorities with a robust tool to confirm legality of timber. © 2018 The American Genetic Association. All rights reserved. |
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Instituto Florestal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil |
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Export Date: 1 September 2018 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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817 |
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Lambs, L.; Bompy, F.; Dulormne, M. |
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Using an “isotopic spike” from a tropical storm to understand water exchange on a large scale: Case study of Hurricane Rafael in the lesser antilles archipelago, October 2012 |
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2018 |
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Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry |
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32 |
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6 |
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457-468 |
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Rationale: Studies of wetland eco-hydrology in tropical coastal areas are scarce, and the use of water stable isotopes can be of great help. Key constraints for their analysis are (i) the small difference in delta18O values between seawater and old evaporated freshwater, and (ii) the fact that the presence of old brackish water limits the determination of the water origin and dynamic. Methods: The water from tropical storms displays distinctively depleted heavy stable isotopes, in comparison with usual tropical rainfall without strong convective thunderstorms. During tropical storms, such as Hurricane Rafael in mid-October 2012, the rainfall delta18O signal can be decreased by many units. This effect is called an “isotopic spike”, and it could be used as a temporal marker of the water fluxes. Results: Water samples, with delta18O values as low as −8.9/1000, were collected on the islands of Guadeloupe and Saint-Martin during Hurricane Rafael, whereas the usual range of groundwater or mean rainfall delta18O values is around −2.8 +/- 0.5 /1000, as measured from 2009 to 2012. These water “isotopic spikes” allow us to show a surface freshwater uptake by mangrove trees in Guadeloupe, and in Saint-Martin, to calculate the water renewal of the salt ponds and pools. Conclusions: The “isotopic spikes” generated by tropical storms are generally used to track back past storm events, as recorded in trees and stalagmites. Here, the propagation of isotopic spike is followed to improve the understanding of the freshwater circulation and the water dynamic within coastal ecosystems influenced by seawater. |
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UMR ECOFOG, Université des Antilles, Guadeloupe, Pointe-à-Pitre, 97159, France |
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Export Date: 2 September 2018 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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818 |
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Gibson, J.C.; Larabee, F.J.; Touchard, A.; Orivel, J.; Suarez, A.V. |
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Mandible strike kinematics of the trap-jaw ant genus Anochetus Mayr (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) |
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2018 |
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Journal of Zoology |
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306 |
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2 |
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119-128 |
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catapult mechanism; comparative biomechanics; Formicidae; functional morphology; kinematics; mandible strike; power amplification |
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High-speed power-amplification mechanisms are common throughout the animal kingdom. In ants, power-amplified trap-jaw mandibles have evolved independently at least four times, including once in the subfamily Ponerinae which contains the sister genera Odontomachus and Anochetus. In Odontomachus, mandible strikes have been relatively well described and can occur in <0.15 ms and reach speeds of over 60 m s−1. In contrast, the kinematics of mandible strikes have not been examined in Anochetus, whose species are smaller and morphologically distinct from Odontomachus. In this study, we describe the mandible strike kinematics of four species of Anochetus representative of the morphological, phylogenetic, and size diversity present within the genus. We also compare their strikes to two representative species of Odontomachus. We found that two species, Anochetus targionii and Anochetus paripungens, have mandible strikes that overall closely resemble those found in Odontomachus, reaching a mean maximum rotational velocity and acceleration of around 3.7 × 104 rad s−1 and 8.5 × 108 rad s−2, respectively. This performance is consistent with predictions based on body size scaling relationships described for Odontomachus. In contrast, Anochetus horridus and Anochetus emarginatus have slower strikes relative to the other species of Anochetus and Odontomachus, reaching mean maximum rotational velocity and acceleration of around 1.3 × 104 rad s−1 and 2 × 108 rad s−2, respectively. This variation in strike performance among species of Anochetus likely reflects differences in evolutionary history, physiology, and natural history among species. © 2018 The Zoological Society of London |
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Department of Animal Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States |
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Export Date: 15 October 2018 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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826 |
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Dézerald, O.; Srivastava, D.S.; Céréghino, R.; Carrias, J.-F.; Corbara, B.; Farjalla, V.F.; Leroy, C.; Marino, N.A.C.; Piccoli, G.C.O.; Richardson, B.A.; Richardson, M.J.; Romero, G.Q.; González, A.L. |
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Functional traits and environmental conditions predict community isotopic niches and energy pathways across spatial scales |
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2018 |
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Functional Ecology |
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32 |
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10 |
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2423-2434 |
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energy pathways; environmental heterogeneity; food webs; functional biogeography; functional diversity; isotopic niche; metacommunity; trophic structure |
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Despite ongoing research in food web ecology and functional biogeography, the links between food web structure, functional traits and environmental conditions across spatial scales remain poorly understood. Trophic niches, defined as the amount of energy and elemental space occupied by species and food webs, may help bridge this divide. Here, we ask how the functional traits of species, the environmental conditions of habitats and the spatial scale of analysis jointly determine the characteristics of trophic niches. We used isotopic niches as a proxy of trophic niches, and conducted analyses at spatial scales ranging from local food webs and metacommunities to geographically distant sites. We sampled aquatic macroinvertebrates from 104 tank bromeliads distributed across five sites from Central to South America and compiled the macroinvertebrates’ functional traits and stable isotope values (δ15N and δ13C). We assessed how isotopic niches within each bromeliad were influenced by the functional trait composition of their associated invertebrates and environmental conditions (i.e., habitat size, canopy cover [CC] and detrital concentration [DC]). We then evaluated whether the diet of dominant predators and, consequently, energy pathways within food webs reflected functional and environmental changes among bromeliads across sites. At last, we determined the extent to which the isotopic niches of macroinvertebrates within each bromeliad contributed to the metacommunity isotopic niches within each site and compared these metacommunity-level niches over biogeographic scales. At the bromeliad level, isotopic niches increased with the functional richness of species in the food web and the DC in the bromeliad. The diet of top predators tracked shifts in prey biomass along gradients of CC and DC. Bromeliads that grew under heterogeneous CC displayed less trophic redundancy and therefore combined to form larger metacommunity isotopic niches. At last, the size of metacommunity niches depended on within-site heterogeneity in CC. Our results suggest that the trophic niches occupied by food webs can predictably scale from local food webs to metacommunities to biogeographic regions. This scaling process is determined by both the functional traits of species and heterogeneity in environmental conditions. A plain language summary is available for this article. © 2018 The Authors. Functional Ecology © 2018 British Ecological Society |
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Luquillo LTER, Institute for Tropical Ecosystem Studies, College of Natural Sciences, University of Puerto Rico at Rio Piedras, San Juan, Puerto Rico |
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Export Date: 22 October 2018 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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828 |
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Céréghino, R.; Pillar, V.D.; Srivastava, D.S.; de Omena, P.M.; MacDonald, A.A.M.; Barberis, I.M.; Corbara, B.; Guzman, L.M.; Leroy, C.; Ospina Bautista, F.; Romero, G.Q.; Trzcinski, M.K.; Kratina, P.; Debastiani, V.J.; Gonçalves, A.Z.; Marino, N.A.C.; Farjalla, V.F.; Richardson, B.A.; Richardson, M.J.; Dézerald, O.; Gilbert, B.; Petermann, J.; Talaga, S.; Piccoli, G.C.O.; Jocqué, M.; Montero, G. |
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Constraints on the functional trait space of aquatic invertebrates in bromeliads |
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2018 |
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Functional Ecology |
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32 |
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10 |
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2435-2447 |
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aquatic invertebrates; ecological strategies; functional diversity; functional trait space; niche hypervolume |
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Abstract |
Functional traits are commonly used in predictive models that link environmental drivers and community structure to ecosystem functioning. A prerequisite is to identify robust sets of continuous axes of trait variation, and to understand the ecological and evolutionary constraints that result in the functional trait space occupied by interacting species. Despite their diversity and role in ecosystem functioning, little is known of the constraints on the functional trait space of invertebrate biotas of entire biogeographic regions. We examined the ecological strategies and constraints underlying the realized trait space of aquatic invertebrates, using data on 12 functional traits of 852 taxa collected in tank bromeliads from Mexico to Argentina. Principal Component Analysis was used to reduce trait dimensionality to significant axes of trait variation, and the proportion of potential trait space that is actually occupied by all taxa was compared to null model expectations. Permutational Analyses of Variance were used to test whether trait combinations were clade-dependent. The major axes of trait variation represented life-history strategies optimizing resource use and antipredator adaptations. There was evidence for trophic, habitat, defence and life-history niche axes. Bromeliad invertebrates only occupied 16%–23% of the potential space within these dimensions, due to greater concentrations than predicted under uniform or normal distributions. Thus, despite high taxonomic diversity, invertebrates only utilized a small number of successful ecological strategies. Empty areas in trait space represented gaps between major phyla that arose from biological innovations, and trait combinations that are unviable in the bromeliad ecosystem. Only a few phylogenetically distant genera were neighbouring in trait space. Trait combinations aggregated taxa by family and then by order, suggesting that niche conservatism was a widespread mechanism in the diversification of ecological strategies. A plain language summary is available for this article. © 2018 The Authors. Functional Ecology © 2018 British Ecological Society |
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Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Zavalla, Argentina |
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Notes |
Export Date: 22 October 2018 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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829 |
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