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| Author |
Doughty, C.E.; Wolf, A.; Baraloto, C.; Malhi, Y. |
| Title |
Interdependency of plants and animals in controlling the sodium balance of ecosystems and the impacts of global defaunation |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Ecography |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ecography |
Volume  |
39 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
204-212 |
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| Abstract |
Sodium, an element which is needed by animals but often toxic in high concentrations to plants, may be deficient and limit animal abundance in inland continental regions, but may be overabundant and limit plant productivity in coastal regions. Here we present data from 50 independent plots (including leaf data from more than 2480 individual trees) showing that leaves in the Amazon basin uptake high amounts of sodium (Na) in a manner more similar to the essential cation potassium (K) than to the toxic cation aluminium (Al). Leaf Na increases linearly with soil Na concentrations, and there is no apparent mechanism for selective exclusion of Na in comparison to K, a key attribute of halophytes. This indicates that the Amazon basin is broadly non-halophytic and increased sodium concentrations in non-halophyte plants often decrease plant productivity. Total Na concentrations are ∼ 10 times higher in coastal regions than inland regions. Such concentration gradients in nutrients may have been reduced in the past because large animals that were abundant in the Pleistocene have been hypothesized to play a large role in reducing nutrient concentration gradients at continental scales. We use a diffusion model and a Na loss rate based on empirical data to estimate that large animals may have moved significant quantities of Na inland away from coastal regions in the Amazon Basin. Therefore, our simple model suggests that large animals may play an important, yet diminishing, role in maintaining the sodium balance of the planet. © 2016 Nordic Society Oikos. |
| Address |
INRA UMR Ecologie des Forêts de Guyane, French Guiana, and International Center for Tropical Botany, Dept of Biological Sciences, Florida International Univ., Miami, United States |
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Cited By :2; Export Date: 12 February 2016 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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657 |
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Leroy, C.; Maes, A.Q.; Louisanna, E.; Séjalon-Delmas, N. |
| Title |
How significant are endophytic fungi in bromeliad seeds and seedlings? Effects on germination, survival and performance of two epiphytic plant species |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2019 |
Publication |
Fungal Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Fungal Ecol. |
| Volume |
39 |
Issue |
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Pages |
296-306 |
| Keywords |
Aechmea; Bromeliads; Endophytic fungi; Fusarium spp.; Germination; Survival; Trichoderma spp.; Vertical transmission |
| Abstract |
In bromeliads, nothing is known about the associations fungi form with seeds and seedling roots. We investigated whether fungal associations occur in the seeds and seedling roots of two epiphytic Aechmea species, and we explored whether substrate and fungal associations contribute to seed germination, and seedling survival and performance after the first month of growth. We found a total of 21 genera and 77 species of endophytic fungi in the seeds and seedlings for both Aechmea species by Illumina MiSeq sequencing. The fungal associations in seeds were found in the majority of corresponding seedlings, suggesting that fungi are transmitted vertically. Substrate quality modulated the germination and growth of seedlings, and beneficial endophytic fungi were not particularly crucial for germination but contributed positively to survival and growth. Overall, this study provides the first evidence of an endophytic fungal community in both the seeds and seedlings of two epiphytic bromeliads species that subsequently benefit plant growth. © 2019 Elsevier Ltd and British Mycological Society |
| Address |
INRA, UMR Ecologie des Forêts de Guyane (AgroParisTech, CIRAD, CNRS, INRA, Université de Guyane, Université des Antilles), Campus Agronomique, BP 316, Kourou cedex, F-97379, France |
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Elsevier Ltd |
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17545048 (Issn) |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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867 |
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Paine, C.E.T.; Harms, K.E.; Schnitzer, S.A.; Carson, W.P. |
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Weak competition among tropical tree seedlings: Implications for species coexistence |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
2008 |
Publication |
Biotropica |
Abbreviated Journal |
Biotropica |
| Volume |
40 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
432-440 |
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Brosimum alicastrum; competitive irrelevance; maintenance of biodiversity; Matisia cordata; resource competition; Panama; Peru; Pouteria reticulata; zone of influence |
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The intensity of competition among forest tree seedlings is poorly understood, but has important ramifications for their recruitment and for the maintenance of species diversity. Intense competition among seedlings could allow competitively dominant species to exclude subordinate species. Alternatively, the low density and small stature of forest tree seedlings could preclude intense interseedling competition. In this case, other processes, such as size-asymmetric competition with adults, interactions with consumers, or neutral dynamics would prevail as those structuring the forest understory. We tested the intensity of, and potential for, intraspecific competition among tree seedlings of three species (Brosimum alicastrum, Matisia cordata, and Pouteria reticulata) in two Neotropical rain forests. We reduced stem densities by up to 90 percent and monitored individual growth and survival rates for up to 24 mo. Individual growth and survival rates were generally unrelated to stem density. Contrary to the predicted behavior of intensely competing plant populations, the distribution of individual heights did not become more left-skewed with time for any species, regardless of plot density; i.e., excesses of short, suppressed individuals did not accumulate in high-density plots. We further measured the overlap of zones of influence (ZOIs) to assess the potential for resource competition. Seedling ZOIs overlapped only slightly in extremely dense monodominant plots, and even less in ambient-density plots of mixed composition. Our results thus suggest that interseedling competition was weak. Given the low density of tree seedlings in Neotropical forests, we infer that resource competition among seedlings may be irrelevant to their recruitment. |
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[Paine, C. E. Timothy; Harms, Kyle E.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA, Email: cetpaine@gmail.com |
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BLACKWELL PUBLISHING |
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0006-3606 |
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ISI:000257717500006 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
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134 |
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Schimann, H.; Ponton, S.; Hattenschwiler, S.; Ferry, B.; Lensi, R.; Domenach, A.M.; Roggy, J.C. |
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Differing nitrogen use strategies of two tropical rainforest late successional tree species in French Guiana: Evidence from N-15 natural abundance and microbial activities |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2008 |
Publication |
Soil Biology & Biochemistry |
Abbreviated Journal |
Soil Biol. Biochem. |
| Volume |
40 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
487-494 |
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soil; litter; nitrate; nitrification; tree rooting; N-15; Eperua falcata; Dicorynia guianensis; tropical forest |
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Previous studies in lowland tropical rainforests of French Guiana showed that, among non-N-2-fixing trees, two groups of late successional species contrasting in their leaf N-15 natural abundance coexist, suggesting two different main ways of nitrogen acquisition. Two abundant late-successional species typically co-occurring in rainforests in French Guiana, namely Eperua falcata and Dicorynia guianensis, were chosen as representative of each group. Stable isotope techniques and measurements of potentials of microbial N transformation were performed to assess to what extent leaf N-15 natural abundance of these species could be related to (i) delta N-15 signatures of soil mineral N sources and (ii) the capacity of soil to express nitrification and denitrification (both processes being directly involved in the balance between NH4+ and NO3-). Soil delta N-15-NH4+ was roughly similar to leaf delta N-15 of D. guianensis (around 3.5 parts per thousand), suggesting a preferential use of NH4+, whereas in E. falcata, leaf delta N-15 values were closer to root delta N-15-NO3- values (0.2 and -2.0 parts per thousand, respectively), suggesting a preferential use of NO3-. These differences in N source utilization were not accompanied by differences in availability in soil NO3- or in intensity of microbial functions responsible for soil N mineral evolution. However, (i) under both tree species, these functions showed clear spatial partitioning, with denitrification occurring potentially in soil and nitrification in the litter layer, and (ii) E falcata fine roots colonized the litter layer much more strongly than D. guianensis fine roots. This strongly suggests that (i) the contrasted leaf delta N-15 values found in the two late-successional species reveal distinct N acquisition strategies and (ii) the ability of roots to predominantly exploit the litter layer (E falcata) or the soil (D. guianensis) may constitute an important explanation of the observed differences. A complementarity between tree species, based on mineral N resource partitioning (itself resulting from a spatially structured location of the microbial functions responsible for the balance between NH4+ and NO3-), n thus be supposed. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. |
| Address |
[Schimann, Heidy; Ponton, Stephane; Domenach, Anne-Marie; Roggy, Jean-Christophe] UMR Ecol Forets Guyane, F-97387 Kourou, French Guiana, Email: heidy_schimann@cirad.fr |
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PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD |
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0038-0717 |
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ISI:000251655800021 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
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146 |
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Scotti-Saintagne, C.; Dick, C.W.; Caron, H.; Vendramin, G.G.; Troispoux, V.; Sire, P.; Casalis, M.; Buonamici, A.; Valencia, R.; Lemes, M.R.; Gribel, R.; Scotti, I. |
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Amazon diversification and cross-Andean dispersal of the widespread Neotropical tree species Jacaranda copaia (Bignoniaceae) |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
2013 |
Publication |
Journal of Biogeography |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
40 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
707-719 |
| Keywords |
Amazonia; Bignoniaceae; Centre of diversity; Dispersal; Historical biogeography; Neotropics; Phylogeography; Pleistocene; Tropical forest; Vicariance |
| Abstract |
Aim: The phylogeographical history of Neotropical species can be difficult to reconstruct because of superimposed Neogene and Quaternary histories, and because of taxonomic uncertainty. We analysed range-wide genetic diversity in a widespread pioneer tree species, Jacaranda copaia (Aubl.) D. Don, to characterize phylogeographical structure, date the evolutionary relationships among lineages, and evaluate the role of dispersal and vicariance in establishing the present geographical range. Location: Guiana Shield; central, southern and western Amazon Basin; Chocó region; Central America. Methods: We analysed nine nuclear simple sequence repeat loci (nuSSR), eight chloroplast SSRs (cpSSR), and two cpDNA intergenic sequences in 341 adult trees. Genetic differentiation at nuSSRs was inferred using Bayesian clustering. Dating of chloroplast lineage divergence was obtained using a range of published mutation rates and Bayesian coalescence analyses. Population divergence dating was performed using an isolation-with-migration model for eight loci (one cp sequence and seven nuSSRs). Results: Nuclear SSR variation identified three geographically overlapping clusters (nu-1, nu-2, nu-3). Twelve cpDNA haplotypes were clustered into two haplogroups (cp-1, cp-2) with the central Amazon harbouring the highest diversity. Molecular dating analysis suggests that cpDNA haplotype diversification started around the end of the Pliocene (2.61 Ma on average), whereas population divergence was more recent and occurred during the mid-Quaternary (point estimates between 357 and 436 ka). Main conclusions: The genetic variation of J. copaia in the Neotropics was shaped mainly by Pleistocene events. Chloroplast diversity did not display the expected cis/trans Andean disjunction, indicating recent dispersal. Nuclear variation revealed that separate regions share a recent history, with a centre of diversity in the central Amazon Basin. The geographical pattern of diversity is congruent with the distribution of the two subspecies, J. copaia copaia and J. copaia spectabilis, and evidence of nuSSR admixture between the two taxa supports their classification as subspecies. © 2012 Blackwell Publishing Ltd. |
| Address |
Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Rua Pacheco Leão 915, Jardim Botânico, 22460-030, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil |
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Export Date: 26 March 2013; Source: Scopus |
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no |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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476 |
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Scotti-Saintagne, C.; Dick, C.W.; Caron, H.; Vendramin, G.G.; Guichoux, E.; Buonamici, A.; Duret, C.; Sire, P.; Valencia, R.; Lemes, M.R.; Gribel, R.; Scotti, I. |
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Phylogeography of a species complex of lowland Neotropical rain forest trees (Carapa, Meliaceae) |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2013 |
Publication |
Journal of Biogeography |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
40 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
676-692 |
| Keywords |
Amazonia; Carapa; Historical biogeography; Mahogany family; Molecular markers; Neogene diversification; Phylogeography; Quaternary diversification; Species complexes |
| Abstract |
Aim Many tropical tree species have poorly delimited taxonomic boundaries and contain undescribed or cryptic species. We examined the genetic structure of a species complex in the tree genus Carapa in the Neotropics in order to evaluate age, geographic patterns of diversity and evolutionary relationships, and to quantify levels of introgression among currently recognized species. Location Lowland moist forests in the Guiana Shield, the Central and Western Amazon Basin, Chocó and Central America. Methods Genetic structure was analysed using seven nuclear simple sequence repeats (nuSSR), five chloroplast SSRs (cpSSR), and two chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) intergenic sequences (trnH-psbA and trnC-ycf6). Bayesian clustering analysis of the SSR data was used to infer population genetic structure and to assign 324 samples to their most likely genetic cluster. Bayesian coalescence analyses were performed on the two cpDNA markers to estimate evolutionary relationships and divergence times. Results Two genetic clusters (nuguianensis and nusurinamensis) were detected, which correspond to the Neotropical species C. guianensis (sensu latu) and C. surinamensis. Fourteen cpDNA haplotypes clustered into six haplogroups distributed between the two nuclear genetic clusters. Divergence between the haplogroups was initiated in the Miocene, with some haplotype structure evolving as recently as the Pleistocene. The absence of complete lineage sorting between the nuclear and chloroplast genomes and the presence of hybrid individuals suggest that interspecific reproductive barriers are incomplete. NuSSR diversity was highest in C. guianensis and, within C. guianensis, cpDNA diversity was highest in the Central and Western Amazon Basin. Regional genetic differentiation was strong but did not conform to an isolation-by-distance process or exhibit a phylogeographical signal. Main conclusions The biogeographical history of Neotropical Carapa appears to have been influenced by events that took place during the Neogene. Our results point to an Amazonian centre of origin and diversification of Neotropical Carapa, with subsequent migration to the Pacific coast of South America and Central America. Gene flow apparently occurs among species, and introgression events are supported by inconsistencies between chloroplast and nuclear lineage sorting. The absence of phylogeographical structure may be a result of the ineffectiveness of geographical barriers among populations and of reproductive isolation mechanisms among incipient and cryptic species in this species complex. © 2012 Blackwell Publishing Ltd. |
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Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Rua Pacheco Leão 915, Jardim Botânico, 22460-030, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil |
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Export Date: 26 March 2013; Source: Scopus |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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477 |
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Leponce, M.;Delabie, J.H.C.;Orivel, J.;Jacquemin, J.;Calvo Martin, M.;Dejean, A. |
| Title |
Tree-dwelling ant survey (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) in Mitaraka, French Guiana |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
2019 |
Publication |
Zoosystema |
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40 |
Issue |
sp1 |
Pages |
163-179 |
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Ants constitute a substantial part of the arthropod biomass in rainforests. Most studies have focused on ground-dwelling ants, which constitute almost half of the diversity of the ant assemblage. We report here the results of the first survey of tree-dwelling ants in French Guiana on a plateau and in a swamp palm forest (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) in the Mitaraka Mountains. We were interested in seeing the effect of topography and geographic distance on species richness and composition and to gather information on the species distribution on tree trunks. The fauna of Mitaraka was compared with one from a site 350 km distant (Petit Saut). In total 105 trees were sampled (30, 30, 45 in the plateau and the swamp forests of Mitaraka, and in Petit Saut plateau forest, respectively). Arboreal ants were attracted using tuna and honey baits spread along a rope reaching an upper branch, except for the palm swamp forest where the baits were only placed at 2 m high. A total of 34, 13 and 22 species were observed in these three respective sites. Six of these species are new records for French Guiana. In Mitaraka Camponotus femoratus (Fabricius, 1804) and Crematogaster leviorLongino, 2003 co-occurred on trees (parabiotic association) and were among the most common species, along with Crematogaster tenuiculaForel, 1904 which was found on other trees (species exclusion). The Mitaraka Mountains appeared more species rich and had a species composition distinct from Petit Saut. Topography also influenced ant species composition. Almost half of the species collected by the baitline method were exclusively foraging in the canopy. |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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883 |
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Bodin, S.C.; Scheel-Ybert, R.; Beauchene, J.; Molino, J.-F.; Bremond, L. |
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CharKey: An electronic identification key for wood charcoals of French Guiana |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
2019 |
Publication |
IAWA Journal |
Abbreviated Journal |
Iawa J. |
| Volume |
40 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
75-91 |
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anthracology; Charcoal anatomy; computeraided identification; Note: Supplementary material can be accessed in the online edition of this journal via brill.com/iawa.; tropical flora; Xper 2 |
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Tropical tree floras are highly diverse and many genera and species share similar anatomical patterns, making the identification of tropical wood charcoal very difficult. Appropriate tools to characterize charcoal anatomy are thus needed to facilitate and improve identification in such species-rich areas. This paper presents the first computer-aided identification key designed for charcoals from French Guiana, based on the wood anatomy of 507 species belonging to 274 genera and 71 families, which covers respectively 28%, 67% and 86% of the tree species, genera and families currently listed in this part of Amazonia. Species of the same genus are recorded together except those described under a synonym genus in Détienne et al. (1982) that were kept separately. As a result, the key contains 289 'items' and mostly aims to identify charcoals at the genus level. It records 26 anatomical features leading to 112 feature states, almost all of which are illustrated by SEM photographs of charcoal. The descriptions were mostly taken from Détienne et al.'s guidebook on tropical woods of French Guiana (1982) and follow the IAWA list of microscopic features for hardwood identification (Wheeler et al. 1989). Some adjustments were made to a few features and those that are unrelated to charcoal identification were excluded. The whole tool, named CharKey, contains the key itself and the associated database including photographs. It can be downloaded on Figshare at https://figshare.com/s/d7d40060b53d2ad60389 (doi: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6396005). CharKey is accessible using the free software Xper 2 , specifically conceived for taxonomic description and computer aided-identification. |
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Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, PSL Research University, Paris, France |
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Brill Academic Publishers |
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09281541 (Issn) |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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864 |
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Ghislain, B.; Engel, J.; Clair, B.; Donaldson, L.; Baas, P. |
| Title |
Diversity of anatomical structure of tension wood among 242 tropical tree species |
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Journal Article |
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2019 |
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IAWA Journal |
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40 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
765-784 |
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Angiosperm trees produce tension wood to actively control their vertical position. Tension wood has often been characterised by the presence of an unlignified inner fibre wall layer called the G-layer. Using this definition, previous reports indicate that only one-third of all tree species have tension wood with G-layers. Here we aim to (i) describe the large diversity of tension wood anatomy in tropical tree species, taking advantage of the recent understanding of tension wood anatomy and (ii) explore any link between this diversity and other ecological traits of the species. We sampled tension wood and normal wood in 432 trees from 242 species in French Guiana. The samples were observed using safranin and astra blue staining combined with optical microscopy. Species were assigned to four anatomical groups depending on the presence/absence of G-layers, and their degree of lignification. The groups were analysed for functional traits including wood density and light preferences. Eighty-six% of the species had G-layers in their tension wood which was lignified in most species, with various patterns of lignification. Only a few species did not have G-layers. We found significantly more species with lignified G-layers among shade-tolerant and shade-demanding species as well as species with a high wood density. Our results bring up-to-date the incidence of species with/without G-layers in the tropical lowland forest where lignified G-layers are the most common anatomy of tension wood. Species without G-layers may share a common mechanism with the bark motor taking over the wood motor. We discuss the functional role of lignin in the G-layer. |
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Brill |
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Leiden, The Netherlands |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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903 |
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Levionnois, S.; Coste, S.; Nicolini, E.; Stahl, C.; Morel, H.; Heuret, P. |
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Scaling of petiole anatomies, mechanics and vasculatures with leaf size in the widespread Neotropical pioneer tree species Cecropia obtusa Trécul (Urticaceae) |
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Journal Article |
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2020 |
Publication |
Tree physiology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Tree Physiol. |
| Volume |
40 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
245-258 |
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allometry; leaf size; petiole anatomy; scaling; theoretical hydraulic conductivity; vessel widening; xylem |
| Abstract |
Although the leaf economic spectrum has deepened our understanding of leaf trait variability, little is known about how leaf traits scale with leaf area. This uncertainty has resulted in the assumption that leaf traits should vary by keeping the same pace of variation with increases in leaf area across the leaf size range. We evaluated the scaling of morphological, tissue-surface and vascular traits with overall leaf area, and the functional significance of such scaling. We examined 1,271 leaves for morphological traits, and 124 leaves for anatomical and hydraulic traits, from 38 trees of Cecropia obtusa Trécul (Urticaceae) in French Guiana. Cecropia is a Neotropical genus of pioneer trees that can exhibit large laminas (0.4 m2 for C. obtusa), with leaf size ranging by two orders of magnitude. We measured (i) tissue fractions within petioles and their second moment of area, (ii) theoretical xylem hydraulic efficiency of petioles and (iii) the extent of leaf vessel widening within the hydraulic path. We found that different scaling of morphological trait variability allows for optimisation of lamina display among larger leaves, especially the positive allometric relationship between lamina area and petiole cross-sectional area. Increasing the fraction of pith is a key factor that increases the geometrical effect of supportive tissues on mechanical rigidity and thereby increases carbon-use efficiency. We found that increasing xylem hydraulic efficiency with vessel size results in lower leaf lamina area: xylem ratios, which also results in potential carbon savings for large leaves. We found that the vessel widening is consistent with hydraulic optimisation models. Leaf size variability modifies scaling of leaf traits in this large-leaved species. © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permission@oup.com. |
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UMR AMAP, CIRAD, CNRS, IRD, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, 34398, France |
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NLM (Medline) |
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17584469 (Issn) |
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Export Date: 16 March 2020 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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921 |
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