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Ghislain, B.; Engel, J.; Clair, B.; Donaldson, L.; Baas, P. |
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Title |
Diversity of anatomical structure of tension wood among 242 tropical tree species |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2019 |
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IAWA Journal |
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Volume |
40 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
765-784 |
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Angiosperm trees produce tension wood to actively control their vertical position. Tension wood has often been characterised by the presence of an unlignified inner fibre wall layer called the G-layer. Using this definition, previous reports indicate that only one-third of all tree species have tension wood with G-layers. Here we aim to (i) describe the large diversity of tension wood anatomy in tropical tree species, taking advantage of the recent understanding of tension wood anatomy and (ii) explore any link between this diversity and other ecological traits of the species. We sampled tension wood and normal wood in 432 trees from 242 species in French Guiana. The samples were observed using safranin and astra blue staining combined with optical microscopy. Species were assigned to four anatomical groups depending on the presence/absence of G-layers, and their degree of lignification. The groups were analysed for functional traits including wood density and light preferences. Eighty-six% of the species had G-layers in their tension wood which was lignified in most species, with various patterns of lignification. Only a few species did not have G-layers. We found significantly more species with lignified G-layers among shade-tolerant and shade-demanding species as well as species with a high wood density. Our results bring up-to-date the incidence of species with/without G-layers in the tropical lowland forest where lignified G-layers are the most common anatomy of tension wood. Species without G-layers may share a common mechanism with the bark motor taking over the wood motor. We discuss the functional role of lignin in the G-layer. |
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Brill |
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Leiden, The Netherlands |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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903 |
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Mayer, V.E.; Lauth, J.; Orivel, J. |
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Title |
Convergent structure and function of mycelial galleries in two unrelated Neotropical plant-ants |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Insectes Sociaux |
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Volume |
64 |
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3 |
Pages |
365-371 |
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The construction process and use of galleries by Azteca brevis (Myrmicinae: Dolichoderinae) inhabiting Tetrathylacium macrophyllum (Salicaceae) were compared with Allomerus decemarticulatus (Myrmicinae: Solenopsidini) galleries on Hirtella physophora (Chrysobalanaceae). Though the two ant species are phylogenetically distant, the gallery structure seems to be surprisingly similar and structurally convergent: both are pierced with numerous holes and both ant species use Chaetothyrialean fungi to strengthen the gallery walls. Al. decemarticulatus is known to use the galleries for prey capture and whether this is also the case for Az. brevis was tested in field experiments. We placed Atta workers as potential prey/threat on the galleries and recorded the behaviour of both ant species. We found considerable behavioural differences between them: Al. decemarticulatus was quicker and more efficient at capture than was Az. brevis. While most Atta workers were captured after the first 5 min by Al. decemarticulatus, significantly fewer were captured by Az. brevis even after 20 min. Moreover, the captured Atta were sometimes simply discarded and not taken to the nest by Az. brevis. As a consequence, the major function of the galleries built by Az. brevis may, therefore, be defense against intruders in contrast to Al. decemarticulatus which uses them mainly for prey capture. This may be due to a higher need for protein in Al. decemarticulatus compared to coccid-raising Az. brevis. |
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1420-9098 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ Mayer2017 |
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784 |
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Chang, S.-S.; Quignard, F.; Clair, B. |
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Title |
The effect of sectioning and ultrasonication on the mesoporosity of poplar tension wood |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Wood Science and Technology |
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51 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
507-516 |
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Increasing interest in understanding tension stress generation in tension wood with fibres having a gelatinous layer (G-layer) has focused attention on the specific role of this layer. To distinguish its contribution from those of other wall layers, the G-layer of wood sections was isolated by ultrasonication. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of sectioning and of the ultrasonic treatment on the mesoporosity of tension wood using nitrogen adsorption–desorption analysis. The results showed that the process of isolating the G-layer using ultrasonication strongly affects its mesoporosity. Most damage was found to occur during sectioning rather than as a result of the 15-min ultrasonic treatment. |
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1432-5225 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ Chang2017 |
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782 |
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Author |
Rodríguez Pérez, H.; Borrel, G.; Leroy, C.; Carrias, J.-F.; Corbara, B.; Srivastava, D.S.; Céréghino, R. |
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Title |
Simulated drought regimes reveal community resilience and hydrological thresholds for altered decomposition |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Oecologia |
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187 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
267-279 |
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Abstract |
Future climate scenarios forecast a 10–50% decline in rainfall in Eastern Amazonia. Altered precipitation patterns may change important ecosystem functions like decomposition through either changes in physical and chemical processes or shifts in the activity and/or composition of species. We experimentally manipulated hydroperiods (length of wet:dry cycles) in a tank bromeliad ecosystem to examine impacts on leaf litter decomposition. Gross loss of litter mass over 112 days was greatest in continuously submersed litter, lowest in continuously dry litter, and intermediate over a range of hydroperiods ranging from eight cycles of 7 wet:7 dry days to one cycle of 56 wet:56 dry days. The resilience of litter mass loss to hydroperiod length is due to a shift from biologically assisted decomposition (mostly microbial) at short wet:dry hydroperiods to physicochemical release of dissolved organic matter at longer wet:dry hydroperiods. Biologically assisted decomposition was maximized at wet:dry hydroperiods falling within the range of ambient conditions (12–22 consecutive dry days) but then declined under prolonged wet:dry hydroperiods (28 and 56 dry days. Fungal:bacterial ratios showed a similar pattern as biologically assisted decomposition to hydroperiod length. Our results suggest that microbial communities confer functional resilience to altered hydroperiod in tank bromeliad ecosystems. We predict a substantial decrease in biological activity relevant to decomposition under climate scenarios that increase consecutive dry days by 1.6- to 3.2-fold in our study area, whereas decreased frequency of dry periods will tend to increase the physicochemical component of decomposition. |
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1432-1939 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ Rodríguez Pérez2018 |
Serial |
850 |
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Author |
Alméras, T.; Ghislain, B.; Clair, B.; Secerovic, A.; Pilate, G.; Fournier, M. |
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Title |
Quantifying the motor power of trees |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Trees |
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Volume |
32 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
689-702 |
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Abstract |
Wood maturation strains can be estimated from the change in curvature that occurs when a stem grown staked in tilted position is released from the stake.
Trees have a motor system to enable upright growth in the field of gravity. This motor function is taken on by reaction wood, a special kind of wood that typically develops in leaning axes and generates mechanical force during its formation, curving up the stem and counteracting the effect of gravity or other mechanical disturbances. Quantifying the mechanical stress induced in wood during maturation is essential to many areas of research ranging from tree architecture to functional genomics. Here, we present a new method for quantifying wood maturation stress. It consists of tilting a tree, tying it to a stake, letting it grow in tilted position, and recording the change in stem curvature that occurs when the stem is released from the stake. A mechanical model is developed to make explicit the link between the change in curvature, maturation strain and morphological traits of the stem section. A parametric study is conducted to analyse how different parameters influence the change in curvature. This method is applied to the estimation of maturation strain in two different datasets. Results show that the method is able to detect genotypic variations in motor power expression. As predicted by the model, we observe that the change in stem curvature is correlated to stem diameter and diameter growth. In contrast, wood maturation strain is independent from these dimensional effects, and is suitable as an intrinsic parameter characterising the magnitude of the plant’s gravitropic reaction. |
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1432-2285 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ Alméras2018 |
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835 |
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Author |
Bossu, J.; Lehnebach, R.; Corn, S.; Regazzi, A.; Beauchene, J.; Clair, B. |
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Title |
Interlocked grain and density patterns in Bagassa guianensis: changes with ontogeny and mechanical consequences for trees |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Trees |
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32 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
1643-1655 |
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Interlocked grain and basic density increase from pith to bark in Bagassa guianensis and greatly improve trunk torsional stiffness and wood tenacity in the radial plane. |
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1432-2285 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ Bossu2018 |
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852 |
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Courtois, E.A.; Stahl, C.; Van den Berge, J.; Bréchet, L.; Van Langenhove, L.; Richter, A.; Urbina, I.; Soong, J.L.; Peñuelas, J.; Janssens, I.A. |
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Title |
Spatial Variation of Soil CO2, CH4 and N2O Fluxes Across Topographical Positions in Tropical Forests of the Guiana Shield |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Ecosystems |
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21 |
Issue |
7 |
Pages |
1445-1458 |
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The spatial variation of soil greenhouse gas fluxes (GHG; carbon dioxide—CO2, methane—CH4 and nitrous oxide—N2O) remains poorly understood in highly complex ecosystems such as tropical forests. We used 240 individual flux measurements of these three GHGs from different soil types, at three topographical positions and in two extreme hydric conditions in the tropical forests of the Guiana Shield (French Guiana, South America) to (1) test the effect of topographical positions on GHG fluxes and (2) identify the soil characteristics driving flux variation in these nutrient-poor tropical soils. Surprisingly, none of the three GHG flux rates differed with topographical position. CO2 effluxes covaried with soil pH, soil water content (SWC), available nitrogen and total phosphorus. The CH4 fluxes were best explained by variation in SWC, with soils acting as a sink under drier conditions and as a source under wetter conditions. Unexpectedly, our study areas were generally sinks for N2O and N2O fluxes were partly explained by total phosphorus and available nitrogen concentrations. This first study describing the spatial variation of soil fluxes of the three main GHGs measured simultaneously in forests of the Guiana Shield lays the foundation for specific studies of the processes underlying the observed patterns. |
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1435-0629 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ Courtois2018 |
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847 |
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Author |
Sprenger, P.P.; Hartke, J.; Feldmeyer, B.; Orivel, J.; Schmitt, T.; Menzel, F. |
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Title |
Influence of Mutualistic Lifestyle, Mutualistic Partner, and Climate on Cuticular Hydrocarbon Profiles in Parabiotic Ants |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2019 |
Publication |
Journal of Chemical Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Chem Ecol |
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45 |
Issue |
9 |
Pages |
741-754 |
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A vital trait in insects is their cuticular hydrocarbon (CHC) profile, which protects the insect against desiccation and serves in chemical communication. Due to these functions, CHC profiles are shaped by both climatic conditions and biotic interactions. Here, we investigated CHC differentiation in the neotropical parabiotic ant species Crematogaster levior and Camponotus femoratus, which mutualistically share a nest. Both consist of two cryptic species each (Cr. levior A and B and Ca. femoratus PAT and PS) that differ genetically and possess strongly different CHC profiles. We characterized and compared CHC profiles of the four cryptic species in detail. Our results suggest that Cr. levior A, Ca. femoratus PAT and Ca. femoratus PS adapted their CHC profiles to the parabiotic lifestyle by producing longer-chain CHCs. At the same time, they changed their major CHC classes, and produce more alkadienes and methyl-branched alkenes compared to Cr. levior B or non-parabiotic species. The CHC profiles of Cr. levior B were more similar to related, non-parabiotic species of the Orthocrema clade than Cr. levior A, and the chain lengths of B were similar to the reconstructed ancestral state. Signals of both the parabiotic partner (biotic conditions) and climate (abiotic conditions) were found in the CHC profiles of all four cryptic species. Our data suggest that mutualisms shaped the CHC profiles of the studied species, in particular chain length and CHC class composition. Beside this, signals of the parabiotic partners indicate potential impacts of biotic interactions, via chemical mimicry or chemical camouflage. |
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1573-1561 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ Sprenger2019 |
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894 |
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Honorio Coronado, E.N.; Blanc-Jolivet, C.; Mader, M.; García-Dávila, C.R.; Sebbenn, A.M.; Meyer-Sand, B.R.V.; Paredes-Villanueva, K.; Tysklind, N.; Troispoux, V.; Massot, M.; Degen, B. |
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Title |
Development of nuclear and plastid SNP markers for genetic studies of Dipteryx tree species in Amazonia |
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Journal Article |
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2019 |
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Conservation Genetics Resources |
Abbreviated Journal |
Conserv. Genet. Res. |
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11 |
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3 |
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333-336 |
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We developed nuclear and plastid single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and insertion/deletion (INDEL) markers for Dipteryx species using a combination of restriction associated DNA sequencing (RADSeq) and low coverage MiSeq genome sequencing. Of the total 315 loci genotyped using a MassARRAY platform, 292 loci were variable and polymorphic among the 73 sampled individuals from French Guiana, Brasil, Peru, and Bolivia. A final set of 56 nuclear SNPs, 26 chloroplast SNPs, 2 chloroplast INDELs, and 32 mitochondrial SNPs identifying significant population structure was developed. This set of loci will be useful for studies on population genetics of Dipteryx species in Amazonia. |
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1877-7260 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ Honorio Coronado2019 |
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906 |
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Epelboin, L.; Bourhy, P.; Le Turnier, P.; Schaub, R.; Mosnier, E.; Berlioz-Arthaud, A.; Reynaud, Y.; Nacher, M.; De Thoisy, B.; Carles, G.; Richard-Hansen, C.; Demar, M.; Picardeau, M.; Djossou, F. |
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La leptospirose en Guyane française et sur le bouclier des Guyanes. État des connaissances en 2016 |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2017 |
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Bulletin de la Société de pathologie exotique |
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110 |
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3 |
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165-179 |
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La leptospirose est une zoonose cosmopolite causée par les bactéries du genre Leptospira. Si sa répartition est vaste sur le globe, le climat chaud et humide de la zone intertropicale est particulièrement propice à son expansion. Dans la plupart des départements et territoires français d’outremer, la leptospirose est considérée comme un problème de santé publique. En Guyane, département français situé au nord-est de la forêt amazonienne, elle est considérée comme rare. L’objectif de cette revue est de faire l’état des lieux des connaissances sur la leptospirose humaine et animale en Guyane française et dans les pays environnants. Une recherche exhaustive a été conduite, à travers la littérature médicale indexée et informelle en français, anglais, espagnol et portugais. Ainsi, respectivement dix et quatre publications ont pu être identifiées sur la leptospirose humaine et animale en Guyane, publiées entre 1940 et 1995, sous formes de cas cliniques ou de séries de cas. Les publications concernant cette maladie dans les autres pays du plateau des Guyanes, Venezuela oriental, Guyana, Suriname, et État brésilien de l’Amapá, étaient également rares voire inexistantes. En revanche, les données récentes du centre national de la leptospirose français ont montré une augmentation récente et brutale du nombre de cas dans le département, probablement en partie due à la mise en place d’outils diagnostiques tels que la sérologie IgM Elisa. Il est en fait probable que la leptospirose soit une maladie négligée dans la région, du fait de l’absence d’outils diagnostiques rapidement disponibles, de la méconnaissance des cliniciens de cette pathologie et de l’existence de nombreux autres pathogènes à présentation clinique similaire (paludisme, arboviroses, fièvre Q, toxoplasmose amazonienne). La mise en place d’études de plus grande ampleur sur la leptospirose animale et humaine est nécessaire et urgente pour connaître le véritable poids de cette maladie dans notre région. |
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1961-9049 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ Epelboin2017 |
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785 |
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