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Carrias, J.-F.; Céréghino, R.; Brouard, O.; Pélozuelo, L.; Dejean, A.; Couté, A.; Corbara, B.; Leroy, C. |
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Title |
Two coexisting tank bromeliads host distinct algal communities on a tropical inselberg |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2014 |
Publication |
Plant Biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Plant Biol. |
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Volume |
16 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
997-1004 |
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Keywords |
Algae; Bromeliaceae; Inselberg; Neotropics; Phytotelmata; Aechmea; algae; Bromeliaceae; Bumilleriopsis; Catopsis berteroniana; Chlorella (unclassified Chlorophyceae); Chlorella (unclassified Trebouxiophyceae); Chlorella sp.; Cyanobacteria; Eukaryota; Invertebrata; Protozoa |
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The tank bromeliads Aechmea aquilega (Salisb.) and Catopsis berteroniana (Schultes f.) coexist on a sun-exposed Neotropical inselberg in French Guiana, where they permit conspicuous freshwater pools to form that differ in size, complexity and detritus content. We sampled the algal communities (both eukaryotic and cyanobacterial taxa, including colourless forms) inhabiting either A. aquilega (n = 31) or C. berteroniana (n = 30) and examined differences in community composition and biomass patterns in relation to several biotic and abiotic variables. Chlorella sp. and Bumilleriopsis sp. were the most common taxa and dominated the algal biomass in A. aquilega and C. berteroniana, respectively. Using a redundancy analysis, we found that water volume, habitat complexity and the density of phagotrophic protozoa and collector-gatherer invertebrates were the main factors explaining the distribution of the algal taxa among the samples. Hierarchical clustering procedures based on abundance and presence/absence data clearly segregated the samples according to bromeliad species, revealing that the algal communities in the smaller bromeliad species were not a subset of the communities found in the larger bromeliad species. We conclude that, even though two coexisting tank bromeliad populations create adjacent aquatic habitats, each population hosts a distinct algal community. Hence, bromeliad diversity is thought to promote the local diversity of freshwater algae in the Neotropics. © 2014 German Botanical Society and The Royal Botanical Society of the Netherlands. |
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IRD, UMR AMAP (botAnique et bioinforMatique de l'Architecture des Plantes), Montpellier, France |
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Blackwell Publishing Ltd |
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14388677 (Issn) |
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Export Date: 2 September 2014; Coden: Pbiof; Correspondence Address: Carrias, J.-F.; Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; email: j-francois.carrias@univ-bpclermont.fr; Funding Details: LQ13C020005, NSFC, National Natural Science Foundation of China |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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560 |
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Petit, M.; Céréghino, R.; Carrias, J.-F.; Corbara, B.; Dezerald, O.; Petitclerc, F.; Dejean, A.; Leroy, C. |
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Title |
Are ontogenetic shifts in foliar structure and resource acquisition spatially conditioned in tank-bromeliads? |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2014 |
Publication |
Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society |
Abbreviated Journal |
Bot J Linn Soc |
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Volume |
175 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
299-312 |
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Keywords |
Aechmea mertensii; Camponotus femoratus; French Guiana; leaf traits; mutualistic ants; natural stable isotopes; ontogeny; Pachycondyla goeldii; phenotypic plasticity; plant morphology |
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Abstract |
The phenotypic plasticity of plants has been explored as a function of either ontogeny (apparent plasticity) or environment (adaptive plasticity), although few studies have analyzed these factors together. In the present study, we take advantage of the dispersal of Aechmea mertensii bromeliads by Camponotus femoratus or Pachycondyla goeldii ants in shaded and sunny environments, respectively, to quantify ontogenetic changes in morphological, foliar, and functional traits, and to analyze ontogenetic and ant species effects on 14 traits. Most of the morphological (plant height, number of leaves), foliar (leaf thickness, leaf mass area, total water content, trichome density), and functional (leaf δ13C) traits differed as a function of ontogeny. Conversely, only leaf δ15N showed an adaptive phenotypic plasticity. On the other hand, plant width, tank width, longest leaf length, stomatal density, and leaf C concentration showed an adaptation to local environment with ontogeny. The exception was leaf N concentration, which showed no trend at all. Aechmea mertensii did not show an abrupt morphological modification such as in heteroblastic bromeliads, although it was characterized by strong, size-related functional modifications for CO2 acquisition. The adaptive phenotypic variation found between the two ant species indicates the spatially conditioned plasticity of A. mertensii in the context of insect-assisted dispersal. However, ant-mediated effects on phenotypic plasticity in A. mertensii are not obvious because ant species and light environment are confounding variables. © 2014 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2014, 175, 299–312. |
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1095-8339 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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564 |
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Lachenaud, P.; Rossi, V.; Thevenin, J.-M.; Doaré, F. |
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Title |
The “Guiana” genetic group: A new source of resistance to cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) black pod rot caused by Phytophthora capsici |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2015 |
Publication |
Crop Protection |
Abbreviated Journal |
Crop Prot. |
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67 |
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91-95 |
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Black pod; Cocoa; French guiana; Phytophthora capsici; Resistance; Phytophthora capsici; Theobroma cacao |
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Black pod rot, caused by Stramenopiles of the genus Phytophthora, leads to serious production losses in all cocoa growing zones. In order to reduce the impact of these pests, preference is given to genetic control using resistant varieties, and sources of resistance are actively being sought, particularly in wild cacao trees. Surveys were undertaken in the natural cacao tree populations of south-eastern French Guiana between 1985 and 1995 and an abundant amount of plant material belonging to a particular genetic group, the “Guiana” group, was collected. A great deal of work has shown the merits of this genetic group as a source of resistance to Phytophthora palmivora and megakarya. We describe here the results of a global study to assess the resistance of the 186 clones in the “Guiana” group “core collection” to a Guianese strain of Phytophthora capsici (strain Reg 2-6). This study, which used an efficient methodology (fifteen series of tests on leaf discs and a statistical test adapted to the ordinal nature of the basic data), showed that the “Guiana” genetic group is a major source of resistance to P.capsici. Strain Reg 2-6 proves to be particularly virulent, as the Scavina 6 control, an international reference for resistance to Phytophthora, is not resistant to it. However, 24 clones of the “Guiana” group are, and 92 have proved to be more resistant than Scavina 6, thereby showing the interest of the group in genetically controlling P.capsici.Thus, of the clones in the Guiana group that are more resistant to P.capsici than Scavina 6, some, which are also resistant to P.palmivora and/or Phytophthora megakarya, and also displaying some other notable qualities, could be incorporated into cocoa genetic improvement programmes in countries where P.capsici is rife on cacao trees. |
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CIRAD, UPR BSEF, BP 2572Yaoundé, Cameroon |
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Elsevier Ltd |
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02612194 (Issn) |
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Export Date: 12 November 2014; Coden: Crptd; Correspondence Address: Lachenaud, P.; CIRAD, UPR 106, BP 701, France |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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565 |
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Author |
Dejean, A.; Corbara, B. |
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Title |
Reactions by army ant workers to nestmates having had contact with sympatric ant species |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2014 |
Publication |
Comptes Rendus Biologies |
Abbreviated Journal |
C. R. Biol. |
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337 |
Issue |
11 |
Pages |
642-645 |
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Keywords |
Army ants Antipredation Colony-mate recognition Eciton Transferring cuticular compounds; Eciton; Formicidae |
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It was recently shown that Pheidole megacephala colonies (an invasive species originating from Africa) counterattack when raided by the army ant, Eciton burchellii. The subsequent contact permits Pheidole cuticular compounds (that constitute the “colony odour”) to be transferred onto the raiding Eciton, which are then not recognised by their colony-mates and killed. Using a simple method for transferring cuticular compounds, we tested if this phenomenon occurs for Neotropical ants. Eciton workers rubbed with ants from four sympatric species were released among their colony-mates. Individuals rubbed with Solenopsis saevissima or Camponotus blandus workers were attacked, but not those rubbed with Atta sexdens, Pheidole fallax or with colony-mates (control lot). So, the chemicals of certain sympatric ant species, but not others, trigger intra-colonial aggressiveness in Eciton. We conclude that prey-ant chemicals might have played a role in the evolution of army ant predatory behaviour, likely influencing prey specialization in certain cases. |
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Clermont Université, Université Blaise-Pascal, LMGE, BP 10448Clermont-Ferrand, France |
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Elsevier Masson SAS |
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16310691 (Issn) |
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Export Date: 12 November 2014; Coden: Crboc; Correspondence Address: Dejean, A.; CNRS, É Cologie des Forêts de Guyane, UMR-CNRS 8172, BP 316, France |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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566 |
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Gao, H.; Grüschow, S.; Barke, J.; Seipke, R.F.; Hill, L.M.; Orivel, J.; Yu, D.W.; Hutchings, M.; Goss, R.J.M. |
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Filipins: The first antifungal “weed killers” identified from bacteria isolated from the trap-ant |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2014 |
Publication |
RSC Advances |
Abbreviated Journal |
RSC Adv. |
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4 |
Issue |
100 |
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57267-57270 |
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Anti-fungal |
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Allomerus ants ensure that they have sufficient nitrogen in their diet by trapping and consuming other insects. In order to construct their traps, like the more extensively studied leaf cutter ants, they employ fungal farming. Pest management within these fungal cultures has been speculated to be due to the ants' usage of actinomycetes capable of producing antifungal compounds, analogous to the leafcutter ant mutualism. Here we report the first identification of a series of antifungal compounds, the filipins, and their associated biosynthetic genes isolated from a bacterium associated with this system. |
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State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of ZoologyKunming, Yunnan, China |
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Royal Society of Chemistry |
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20462069 (Issn) |
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Export Date: 20 November 2014; Coden: Rscac; Correspondence Address: Goss, R.J.M.; School of Chemistry, University of St. AndrewsUnited Kingdom; Funding Details: 311848, EC, European Commission |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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567 |
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Aili, S.R.; Touchard, A.; Escoubas, P.; Padula, M.P.; Orivel, J.; Dejean, A.; Nicholson, G.M. |
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Diversity of peptide toxins from stinging ant venoms |
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Journal Article |
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2014 |
Publication |
Toxicon |
Abbreviated Journal |
Toxicon |
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92 |
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166-178 |
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Ant venom; Chemotaxonomy; Disulfide linkage; Peptides; Venom biochemistry |
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Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) represent a taxonomically diverse group of arthropods comprising nearly 13,000 extant species. Sixteen ant subfamilies have individuals that possess a stinger and use their venom for purposes such as a defence against predators, competitors and microbial pathogens, for predation, as well as for social communication. They exhibit a range of activities including antimicrobial, haemolytic, cytolytic, paralytic, insecticidal and pain-producing pharmacologies. While ant venoms are known to be rich in alkaloids and hydrocarbons, ant venoms rich in peptides are becoming more common, yet remain understudied. Recent advances in mass spectrometry techniques have begun to reveal the true complexity of ant venom peptide composition. In the few venoms explored thus far, most peptide toxins appear to occur as small polycationic linear toxins, with antibacterial properties and insecticidal activity. Unlike other venomous animals, a number of ant venoms also contain a range of homodimeric and heterodimeric peptides with one or two interchain disulfide bonds possessing pore-forming, allergenic and paralytic actions. However, ant venoms seem to have only a small number of monomeric disulfide-linked peptides. The present review details the structure and pharmacology of known ant venom peptide toxins and their potential as a source of novel bioinsecticides and therapeutic agents. |
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Laboratoire Écologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement, Université de Toulouse, 118 Route de NarbonneToulouse, France |
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Elsevier Ltd |
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00410101 (Issn) |
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Export Date: 2 December 2014; Coden: Toxia; Correspondence Address: Nicholson, G.M.; Neurotoxin Research Group, School of Medical and Molecular Biosciences, University of Technology SydneyAustralia |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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568 |
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Cottet, K.; Genta-Jouve, G.; Fromentin, Y.; Odonne, G.; Duplais, C.; Laprévote, O.; Michel, S.; Lallemand, M.-C. |
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Comparative LC-MS-based metabolite profiling of the ancient tropical rainforest tree Symphonia globulifera |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2014 |
Publication |
Phytochemistry |
Abbreviated Journal |
Phytochemistry |
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Volume |
108 |
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Pages |
102-108 |
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Kendrick mass defect; Lc-Ms; Plant organs; Symphonia globulifera; Untargeted metabolomics; Symphonia globulifera |
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In the last few years, several phytochemical studies have been undertaken on the tropical tree Symphonia globulifera leading to the isolation and characterisation of several compounds exhibiting antiparasitic activities against Plasmodium falciparum, Trypanosoma brucei and Leishmania donovani. The comparative LC-MS based metabolite profiling study conducted on the tree led to the identification of compounds originating from specific tissues. The results showed that renewable organs/tissues can be used as the starting material for the production of polycyclic poly-prenylated-acylphloroglucinols, therefore reducing impacts on biodiversity. This study also underlined the lack of knowledge on the secondary metabolites produced by S. globulifera since only a small number of the total detected features were putatively identified using the database of known compounds for the species. |
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Laboratoire de Chimie et Toxicologie Analytique et Cellulaire, UMR 8638, Université Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cité, 4 Avenue de l'ObservatoireParis, France |
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Elsevier Ltd |
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00319422 (Issn) |
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Export Date: 2 December 2014; Coden: Pytca; Correspondence Address: Genta-Jouve, G.; Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie, UMR 8638, Université Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cité, 4 Avenue de l'Observatoire, France |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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569 |
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Lenoir, A.; Touchard, A.; Devers, S.; Christidès, J.-P.; Boulay, R.; Cuvillier-Hot, V. |
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Ant cuticular response to phthalate pollution |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2014 |
Publication |
Environmental Science and Pollution Research |
Abbreviated Journal |
Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. |
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21 |
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23 |
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13446-13451 |
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Absorption; Ants; Bbp; Bioindicator; Cuticle; Dbp; Dehp; DiBP; Phthalates; Pollutants |
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Phthalates are common atmospheric contaminants used in the plastic industry. Ants have been shown to constitute good bioindicators of phthalate pollution. Hence, phthalates remain trapped on ant cuticles which are mostly coated with long-chain hydrocarbons. In this study, we artificially contaminated Lasius niger ants with four phthalates: dibutyl phthalate (DBP), diisobutyl phthalate (DiBP), di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), and benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP). The first three have previously been found on ants in nature in Touraine (France), while the fourth has not. The four phthalates disappeared rapidly (less than 5 days) from the cuticles of live ants. In contrast, on the cuticles of dead ants, DEHP quantities remained unchanged over time. These results indicate that phthalates are actively absorbed by the cuticles of live ants. Cuticular absorption of phthalates is nonspecific because eicosane, a nonnatural hydrocarbon on L. niger cuticle, was similarly absorbed. Ants are important ecological engineers and may serve as bioindicators of ecosystem health. We also suggest that ants and more generally terrestrial arthropods may contribute to the removal of phthalates from the local environment. |
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CNRS, UMR Écologie des Forêts de Guyane (EcoFoG), Campus Agronomique, BP 316Kourou Cedex, France |
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Springer Verlag |
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09441344 (Issn) |
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Export Date: 5 December 2014; Coden: Esple; Correspondence Address: Lenoir, A.; IRBI, Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l’Insecte, UMR CNRS 7261, Université François RabelaisFrance |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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570 |
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Sist, P.; Rutishauser, E.; Peña-Claros, M.; Shenkin, A.; Herault, B.; Blanc, L.; Baraloto, C.; Baya, F.; Benedet, F.; da Silva, K.E.; Descroix, L.; Ferreira, J.N.; Gourlet-Fleury, S.; Guedes, M.C.; Bin Harun, I.; Jalonen, R.; Kanashiro, M.; Krisnawati, H.; Kshatriya, M.; Lincoln, P.; Mazzei, L.; Medjibé, V.; Nasi, R.; d'Oliveira, M.V.N.; de Oliveira, L.C.; Picard, N.; Pietsch, S.; Pinard, M.; Priyadi, H.; Putz, F.E.; Rodney, K.; Rossi, V.; Roopsind, A.; Ruschel, A.R.; Shari, N.H.Z.; Rodrigues de Souza, C.; Susanty, F.H.; Sotta, E.D.; Toledo, M.; Vidal, E.; West, T.A.P.; Wortel, V.; Yamada, T. |
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Title |
The Tropical managed forests Observatory: A research network addressing the future of tropical logged forests |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2015 |
Publication |
Applied Vegetation Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Appl. Veg. Sci. |
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Volume |
18 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
171-174 |
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Keywords |
Biodiversity; Carbon cycle; Climate change; Ecosystem resilience; Logging; Silviculture; Tropical forests; Tropical managed forests Observatory |
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Abstract |
While attention on logging in the tropics has been increasing, studies on the long-term effects of silviculture on forest dynamics and ecology remain scare and spatially limited. Indeed, most of our knowledge on tropical forests arises from studies carried out in undisturbed tropical forests. This bias is problematic given that logged and disturbed tropical forests are now covering a larger area than the so-called primary forests. A new network of permanent sample plots in logged forests, the Tropical managed Forests Observatory (TmFO), aims to fill this gap by providing unprecedented opportunities to examine long-term data on the resilience of logged tropical forests at regional and global scales. TmFO currently includes 24 experimental sites distributed across three tropical regions, with a total of 490 permanent plots and 921 ha of forest inventories. To improve our knowledge of the resilience of tropical logged forests, 20 research institutes are now collaborating on studies on the effects of logging on forest structure, productivity, biodiversity and carbon fluxes at large spatial and temporal scales. These studies are carried out in the Tropical managed Forests Observatory (TmFO), an international network including 24 sites and 490 permanent sample plots across South America, Africa and South East Asia. |
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Duke University's Nicholas School of the EnvironmentNorth Carolina, United States |
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Wiley-Blackwell |
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14022001 (Issn) |
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Export Date: 12 December 2014; Coden: Avscf; Correspondence Address: Sist, P.; Cirad, UR 105 TA/10CFrance |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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571 |
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Author |
Biwolé, A.B.; Dainou, K.; Fayolle, A.; Hardy, O.J.; Brostaux, Y.; Coste, S.; Delion, S.; Betti, J.L.; Doucet, J.-L. |
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Title |
Light Response of Seedlings of a Central African Timber Tree Species, Lophira alata (Ochnaceae), and the Definition of Light Requirements |
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Journal Article |
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2015 |
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Biotropica |
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Biotropica |
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47 |
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6 |
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681-688 |
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Keywords |
biomass allocation; Central Africa; light requirement: Lophira alata; population; relative growth rate; seedling growth; timber species; Afrique centrale; allocation de biomasse; besoins en lumière; croissance des semis; bois d'œuvre; Lophira alata; population; taux de croissance relatif |
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Abstract |
Light is of primary importance in structuring tropical tree communities. Light exposure at seedling and adult stages has been used to characterize the ecological profile of tropical trees, with many implications in forest management and restoration ecology. Most shade-tolerance classification systems have been proposed based on empirical observations in a specific area and thus result in contradictions among categories assigned to a given species. In this study, we aimed to quantify the light requirements for seedling growth of a Central African timber tree, Lophira alata (Ochnaceae), taking into account effects of population origin. In two controlled experiments: a light response experiment and a comparative population experiment, conducted in southwestern Cameroon, using seeds collected from four populations (three from Cameroon and one from Gabon), we examined the quantitative responses to irradiance of seedlings. After 2 years, mortality was very low (<3%), even in extremely low irradiance. Growth and biomass allocation patterns varied in response to light, with intermediate irradiance (24–43%) providing optimal conditions. Light response differed between populations. The Boumba population in the northeastern edge of the species' distribution exhibited the highest light requirements, suggesting a local adaptation. As a result of positive growth at low irradiance and maximum growth at intermediate irradiance, we concluded that L. alata exhibits characteristics of both non-pioneer and pioneer species. Implications of our results to propose an objective way to assign the light requirement for tropical tree species are discussed. |
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1744-7429 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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648 |
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