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| Author |
Laurans, M.; Martin, O.; Nicolini, E.; Vincent, G. |
Title  |
Functional traits and their plasticity predict tropical trees regeneration niche even among species with intermediate light requirements |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2012 |
Publication |
Journal of Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Ecol. |
| Volume |
100 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
1440-1452 |
| Keywords |
Canopy disturbance; Determinants of plant community diversity and structure; Growth rate; Irradiance; Leaf life span; Leaf mass per area; Niche differentiation; Phenotypic plasticity; Shade tolerance; Tropical moist forest |
| Abstract |
Niche differentiation is a key issue in the current debate on community assembly mechanisms. In highly diverse moist tropical forests, tree species sensitivity to canopy openness is thought to be a major axis in niche differentiation. In the past, the syndrome of traits driving the demographic trade-off involved in the niche-based theory of coexistence has always been established among species situated at the two extremities of the shade-tolerance gradient, even though most tropical tree species have intermediate light requirements. In addition, trait plasticity has seldom been linked to tropical tree species distribution along environmental gradients. This article examines covariations between leaf traits, whole-plant traits and niche parameters among 14 tree species with intermediate light requirements in French Guiana and across a range of canopy openness. Each functional trait measured under field conditions was characterized by a median value and a degree of plasticity expressed under contrasting light regimes. Niche differentiation was characterized in terms of spatial light gradient. We first examined covariations between functional traits then explored to what degree the median value and plasticity in functional traits could predict light niche characteristics at the sapling stage and the ontogenetic change in light availability estimated by adult stature. Leaf mass per area (LMA) was positively correlated with leaf life span (LLS); species with higher LMA and higher LLS displayed lower diameter growth rates (GRs) and lower responsiveness to canopy gap at both whole-plant and population levels. This proved that the relationships previously established over a broader range of species held true within the narrow range of the light requirements covered. Height GR plasticity accounted for 49% of the variation in light niche optimum. LMA plasticity, unlike LLS plasticity, was significantly correlated with light niche breadth and adult stature. Synthesis. This study demonstrates the relevance of considering the phenotypic plasticity in functional traits in community ecology, particularly for quantifying breadth of species distribution over environmental gradients. Our findings did not support Hubbell's hypothesis of functional equivalence and suggest that even a rather subtle variation in forest canopy disturbance promotes the coexistence of tropical tree species. © 2012 The Authors. Journal of Ecology © 2012 British Ecological Society. |
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UMR AMAP, IRD, TA A-51/PS2, Bd de la Lironde, France |
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00220477 (Issn) |
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Export Date: 7 November 2012; Source: Scopus; Coden: Jecoa; doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2745.2012.02007.x; Language of Original Document: English; Correspondence Address: Laurans, M.; UMR, AMAP, CIRAD TA A-51/PS1, Bd de la Lironde, 34398 Montpellier Cedex 5, France; email: laurans@cirad.fr |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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445 |
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Dézerald, O.; Srivastava, D.S.; Céréghino, R.; Carrias, J.-F.; Corbara, B.; Farjalla, V.F.; Leroy, C.; Marino, N.A.C.; Piccoli, G.C.O.; Richardson, B.A.; Richardson, M.J.; Romero, G.Q.; González, A.L. |
| Title |
Functional traits and environmental conditions predict community isotopic niches and energy pathways across spatial scales |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Functional Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
32 |
Issue |
10 |
Pages |
2423-2434 |
| Keywords |
energy pathways; environmental heterogeneity; food webs; functional biogeography; functional diversity; isotopic niche; metacommunity; trophic structure |
| Abstract |
Despite ongoing research in food web ecology and functional biogeography, the links between food web structure, functional traits and environmental conditions across spatial scales remain poorly understood. Trophic niches, defined as the amount of energy and elemental space occupied by species and food webs, may help bridge this divide. Here, we ask how the functional traits of species, the environmental conditions of habitats and the spatial scale of analysis jointly determine the characteristics of trophic niches. We used isotopic niches as a proxy of trophic niches, and conducted analyses at spatial scales ranging from local food webs and metacommunities to geographically distant sites. We sampled aquatic macroinvertebrates from 104 tank bromeliads distributed across five sites from Central to South America and compiled the macroinvertebrates’ functional traits and stable isotope values (δ15N and δ13C). We assessed how isotopic niches within each bromeliad were influenced by the functional trait composition of their associated invertebrates and environmental conditions (i.e., habitat size, canopy cover [CC] and detrital concentration [DC]). We then evaluated whether the diet of dominant predators and, consequently, energy pathways within food webs reflected functional and environmental changes among bromeliads across sites. At last, we determined the extent to which the isotopic niches of macroinvertebrates within each bromeliad contributed to the metacommunity isotopic niches within each site and compared these metacommunity-level niches over biogeographic scales. At the bromeliad level, isotopic niches increased with the functional richness of species in the food web and the DC in the bromeliad. The diet of top predators tracked shifts in prey biomass along gradients of CC and DC. Bromeliads that grew under heterogeneous CC displayed less trophic redundancy and therefore combined to form larger metacommunity isotopic niches. At last, the size of metacommunity niches depended on within-site heterogeneity in CC. Our results suggest that the trophic niches occupied by food webs can predictably scale from local food webs to metacommunities to biogeographic regions. This scaling process is determined by both the functional traits of species and heterogeneity in environmental conditions. A plain language summary is available for this article. © 2018 The Authors. Functional Ecology © 2018 British Ecological Society |
| Address |
Luquillo LTER, Institute for Tropical Ecosystem Studies, College of Natural Sciences, University of Puerto Rico at Rio Piedras, San Juan, Puerto Rico |
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Export Date: 22 October 2018 |
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no |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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828 |
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Baraloto, C.; Paine, C.E.T.; Patino, S.; Bonal, D.; Herault, B.; Chave, J. |
| Title |
Functional trait variation and sampling strategies in species-rich plant communities |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2010 |
Publication |
Functional Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Funct. Ecol. |
| Volume |
24 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
208-216 |
| Keywords |
French Guiana; functional diversity; plant traits; specific leaf area; wood density; sampling design; tropical forest |
| Abstract |
P> Despite considerable interest in the application of plant functional traits to questions of community assembly and ecosystem structure and function, there is no consensus on the appropriateness of sampling designs to obtain plot-level estimates in diverse plant communities. We measured 10 plant functional traits describing leaf and stem morphology and ecophysiology for all trees in nine 1-ha plots in terra firme lowland tropical rain forests of French Guiana (N = 4709). We calculated, by simulation, the mean and variance in trait values for each plot and each trait expected under seven sampling methods and a range of sampling intensities. Simulated sampling methods included a variety of spatial designs, as well as the application of existing data base values to all individuals of a given species. For each trait in each plot, we defined a performance index for each sampling design as the proportion of resampling events that resulted in observed means within 5% of the true plot mean, and observed variance within 20% of the true plot variance. The relative performance of sampling designs was consistent for estimations of means and variances. Data base use had consistently poor performance for most traits across all plots, whereas sampling one individual per species per plot resulted in relatively high performance. We found few differences among different spatial sampling strategies; however, for a given strategy, increased intensity of sampling resulted in markedly improved accuracy in estimates of trait mean and variance. We also calculated the financial cost of each sampling design based on data from our 'every individual per plot' strategy and estimated the sampling and botanical effort required. The relative performance of designs was strongly positively correlated with relative financial cost, suggesting that sampling investment returns are relatively constant. Our results suggest that trait sampling for many objectives in species-rich plant communities may require the considerable effort of sampling at least one individual of each species in each plot, and that investment in complete sampling, though great, may be worthwhile for at least some traits. |
| Address |
[Baraloto, Christopher; Patino, Sandra; Bonal, Damien] INRA, UMR Ecol Forets Guyane, F-97387 Kourou, French Guiana, Email: chris.baraloto@ecofog.gf |
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WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC |
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0269-8463 |
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ISI:000273455500024 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
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72 |
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Dezerald, O.; Céréghino, R.; Corbara, B.; Dejean, A.; Leroy, C. |
| Title |
Functional trait responses of aquatic macroinvertebrates to simulated drought in a Neotropical bromeliad ecosystem |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2015 |
Publication |
Freshwater Biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Freshwater Biology |
| Volume |
60 |
Issue |
9 |
Pages |
1917-1929 |
| Keywords |
Food webs; Precipitations; Rainforests; Resistance/resilience; Tipping point |
| Abstract |
The duration of the dry seasons in south-eastern Amazonia is expected to increase. Little is known of how freshwater assemblages respond to drought in the humid rainforests and of the extent to which they resist the absence of rainfall before the collapse of the system. We manipulated rainshelters over tank-forming bromeliads (i.e. the interlocking leaf axils of these plants form wells that collect rainwater) to simulate an exceptionally long dry period (49 days, compared with a 10-year mean ± SD annual maximum number of 17 ± 5.3 days without rainfall at the study site) and then a rewetting period. By sampling weekly over 3 months, we followed the dynamics of the representation of abundance-weighted traits in invertebrate assemblages in these treatment plants and in a control group. The functional structure of assemblages was drought resistant until the water volume in the bromeliad pools dropped by 90%, when there was a sudden shift in the functional trait structure due to the loss of most populations except the drought-resistant culicids. Traits related to life history, body size and preferred food showed significant responses to drought. There was a convergence in the functional traits of species surviving in dry plants, strengthening the idea that environmental filtering, rather than stochasticity, determines the functional trajectory of aquatic assemblages during drought. At the end of the dry period, samples of the detritus potentially containing drought-resistant eggs/cysts (and eventually live larvae) were taken from the dry plants and rewetted in the laboratory, allowing us to distinguish resistant species from those requiring recolonisation via subsequent oviposition by adults from elsewhere. Patches of water-filled bromeliads persisting in the area provided the most important pool of colonists, and communities returned to the pre-disturbance state within 1-2 weeks of rewetting. Our results suggest that the functional trait structure of invertebrate assemblages in bromeliads could remain stable under scenarios of precipitation change that would triple the duration of current dry periods at a local scale. Future experiments should evaluate how environmental factors might alter the tipping point between resistance to drought and a collapse in ecosystem processes. © 2015 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. |
| Address |
IRD, UMR AMAP (botAnique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des vegetations), Boulevard de la Lironde, TA A-51/PS2, Montpellier Cedex 5, France |
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Export Date: 27 August 2015 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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616 |
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Paine, C.E.T.; Stahl, C.; Courtois, E.A.; Patino, S.; Sarmiento, C.; Baraloto, C. |
| Title |
Functional explanations for variation in bark thickness in tropical rain forest trees |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2010 |
Publication |
Functional Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Funct. Ecol. |
| Volume |
24 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
1202-1210 |
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bark thickness; fire ecology; flexural rigidity; herbivore defence; periderm; rhytidome; trunk respiration |
| Abstract |
P>1. The complex structure of tree bark reflects its many functions, which include structural support as well as defence against fire, pests and pathogens. Thick bark, however, might limit respiration by the living tissues of the trunk. Nevertheless, little research has addressed community-level variation in bark thickness, and to the best of our knowledge, no one has tested multiple hypotheses to explain variation in bark thickness. 2. We conducted an extensive survey of bark thickness within and among species of trees in the tropical rain forests of French Guiana. Trunk bark thickness increased by 1 center dot 2 mm per 10 cm increase in stem diameter, and varied widely at all taxonomic levels. Mean trunk bark thickness was 4 center dot 5 mm (range: 0 center dot 5-29 mm), which was less that found in two Amazonian rain forests in previous studies. This survey of bark thickness should be of use for forest management since tree survival through fire is strongly predicted by bark thickness. 3. We combined the survey data with multiple datasets to test several functional hypotheses proposed to explain variation in bark thickness. We found bark to provide an average of 10% of the flexural rigidity of tree stems, which was substantially less than that found in the only other study of bark stiffness. Bark thickness was uncorrelated with species' association with fire-prone habitats, suggesting that the influence of fire on bark thickness does not extend into moist Forests. There was also little evidence that bark thickness is affected by its function as a defence against herbivory. Nor was there evidence that thick bark limits trunk respiration. 4. A re-analysis of previously collected anatomical data indicated that variation in rhytidome (non-conducting outer bark) thickness explains much of the variation in overall bark thickness. As rhytidome is primarily involved in protecting the living tissues of the trunk, we suggest that bark thickness is driven mostly by its defensive function. 5. Functional explanations for the variation in bark thickness were not clear-cut. Nevertheless, this study provides a foundation for further investigation of the functional bases of bark in tropical trees. |
| Address |
[Paine, Charles Eliot Timothy] ENGREF, UMR Ecol Forets Guyane, F-97387 Kourou, France, Email: timothy.paine@ieu.uzh.ch |
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WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC |
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0269-8463 |
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ISI:000284589400005 |
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no |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
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15 |
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Hattenschwiler, S.; Fromin, N.; Barantal, S. |
| Title |
Functional diversity of terrestrial microbial decomposers and their substrates |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Comptes Rendus Biologies |
Abbreviated Journal |
C. R. Biol. |
| Volume |
334 |
Issue |
5-6 |
Pages |
393-402 |
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Bacteria; Biogeochemical cycles; Decomposition; Dissimilarity; Ecosystem functioning; Functional diversity indices; Fungi; Leaf litter |
| Abstract |
The relationship between biodiversity and biogeochemical processes gained much interest in light of the rapidly decreasing biodiversity worldwide. In this article, we discuss the current status, challenges and prospects of functional concepts to plant litter diversity and microbial decomposer diversity. We also evaluate whether these concepts permit a better understanding of how biodiversity is linked to litter decomposition as a key ecosystem process influencing carbon and nutrient cycles. Based on a literature survey, we show that plant litter and microbial diversity matters for decomposition, but that considering numbers of taxonomic units appears overall as little relevant and less useful than functional diversity. However, despite easily available functional litter traits and the well-established theoretical framework for functional litter diversity, the impact of functional litter diversity on decomposition is not yet well enough explored. Defining functional diversity of microorganisms remains one of the biggest challenges for functional approaches to microbial diversity. Recent developments in microarray and metagenomics technology offer promising possibilities in the assessment of the functional structure of microbial communities. This might allow significant progress in measuring functional microbial diversity and ultimately in our ability to predict consequences of biodiversity loss in the decomposer system for biogeochemical processes. (C) 2011 Academie des sciences. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved. |
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[Haettenschwiler, Stephan; Fromin, Nathalie; Barantal, Sandra] CNRS, CEFE, F-34293 Montpellier 5, France, Email: stephan.hattenschwiler@cefe.cnrs.fr |
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Elsevier France-Editions Scientifiques Medicales Elsevier |
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1631-0691 |
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ISI:000292013400008 |
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no |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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323 |
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Almeras, T.; Derycke, M.; Jaouen, G.; Beauchene, J.; Fournier, M. |
| Title |
Functional diversity in gravitropic reaction among tropical seedlings in relation to ecological and developmental traits |
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Journal Article |
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2009 |
Publication |
Journal of Experimental Botany |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Exp. Bot. |
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60 |
Issue |
15 |
Pages |
4397-4410 |
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Biomechanics; French Guiana; functional diversity; gravitropism; reaction wood; tropical rainforest |
| Abstract |
Gravitropism is necessary for plants to control the orientation of their axes while they grow in height. In woody plants, stem re-orientations are costly because they are achieved through diameter growth. The functional diversity of gravitropism was studied to check if the mechanisms involved and their efficiency may contribute to the differentiation of height growth strategies between forest tree species at the seedling stage. Seedlings of eight tropical species were grown tilted in a greenhouse, and their up-righting movement and diameter growth were measured over three months. Morphological, anatomical, and biomechanical traits were measured at the end of the survey. Curvature analysis was used to analyse the up-righting response along the stems. Variations in stem curvature depend on diameter growth, size effects, the increase in self-weight, and the efficiency of the gravitropic reaction. A biomechanical model was used to separate these contributions. Results showed that (i) gravitropic movements were based on a common mechanism associated to similar dynamic patterns, (ii) clear differences in efficiency (defined as the change in curvature achieved during an elementary diameter increment for a given stem diameter) existed between species, (iii) the equilibrium angle of the stem and the anatomical characters associated with the efficiency of the reaction also differed between species, and (iv) the differences in gravitropic reaction were related to the light requirements: heliophilic species, compared to more shade-tolerant species, had a larger efficiency and an equilibrium angle closer to vertical. This suggests that traits determining the gravitropic reaction are related to the strategy of light interception and may contribute to the differentiation of ecological strategies promoting the maintenance of biodiversity in tropical rainforests. |
| Address |
[Almeras, Tancrede; Derycke, Morgane; Jaouen, Gaelle] INRA, UMR Ecol Forets Guyane, F-97310 Kourou, France, Email: t_almeras@hotmail.com |
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OXFORD UNIV PRESS |
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0022-0957 |
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ISI:000271389400017 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
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96 |
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Odonne, G.; Bourdy, G.; Beauchene, J.; Houel, E.; Stien, D.; Chevolot, L.; Deharo, E. |
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From Tonic-cups to Bitter-cups: Kwasi bita beker from Suriname Determination, past and present use of an ancient galenic artefact |
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Journal Article |
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2007 |
Publication |
Journal of Ethnopharmacology |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Ethnopharmacol. |
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110 |
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2 |
Pages |
318-322 |
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Tonic-cup; Bitter-cup; Quassia amara; Suriname; traditional remedy |
| Abstract |
In the main markets of Paramaribo (Suriname), many stands offer what is locally called “Bitter-cups”, or “Kwasi bita beker”, small footed-cups, roughly carved from a whitish wood. The use of these cups is strictly medicinal and it seems to be restricted to Suriname, as they are not found in neighbouring countries (Guyana, French Guiana). The aim of this study was to identify the botanical origin of Bitter-cups still in use in the Saramaka traditional medicine (as information from field people was controversial), and document the ethnopharmacology of this original galenical artefact. Microscopic and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analyses were carried out on Bitter-cup, and anatomical criteria (marginal parenchyma band, size of intervessel and vessel-ray pits, rays width and rays composition, vessels clustering, frequency and size of parenchyma pits) together with HPLC profiles of the macerates showed that the wood cup was similar to Quassia amara L. (Simaroubaceae) wood. Ethnopharmacological investigation indicates that the use of these cups is simply due to the pharmacological properties attributed to “bitters”, and is strongly linked to tradition and cultural attitudes. This study also emphasizes the long lasting use of these cups, now restricted to Suriname only, with almost no variation over one century. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. |
| Address |
Univ Toulouse 3, Ctr IRD, UMR 152, F-97323 Cayenne, France, Email: genevieve.bourdy@ird.fr |
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ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD |
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0378-8741 |
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ISI:000245486900012 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
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166 |
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Dezerald, O.; Leroy, C.; Corbara, B.; Carrias, J.-F.; Pélozuelo, L.; Dejean, A.; Céréghino, R. |
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Food-Web Structure in Relation to Environmental Gradients and Predator-Prey Ratios in Tank-Bromeliad Ecosystems |
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Journal Article |
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2013 |
Publication |
PLoS ONE |
Abbreviated Journal |
PLoS ONE |
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8 |
Issue |
8 |
Pages |
e71735 |
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Little is known of how linkage patterns between species change along environmental gradients. The small, spatially discrete food webs inhabiting tank-bromeliads provide an excellent opportunity to analyse patterns of community diversity and food-web topology (connectance, linkage density, nestedness) in relation to key environmental variables (habitat size, detrital resource, incident radiation) and predators:prey ratios. We sampled 365 bromeliads in a wide range of understorey environments in French Guiana and used gut contents of invertebrates to draw the corresponding 365 connectance webs. At the bromeliad scale, habitat size (water volume) determined the number of species that constitute food-web nodes, the proportion of predators, and food-web topology. The number of species as well as the proportion of predators within bromeliads declined from open to forested habitats, where the volume of water collected by bromeliads was generally lower because of rainfall interception by the canopy. A core group of microorganisms and generalist detritivores remained relatively constant across environments. This suggests that (i) a highly-connected core ensures food-web stability and key ecosystem functions across environments, and (ii) larger deviations in food-web structures can be expected following disturbance if detritivores share traits that determine responses to environmental changes. While linkage density and nestedness were lower in bromeliads in the forest than in open areas, experiments are needed to confirm a trend for lower food-web stability in the understorey of primary forests. © 2013 Dézerald et al. |
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EcoLab, Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement, CNRS UMR 5245, Toulouse, France |
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19326203 (Issn) |
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Export Date: 30 August 2013; Source: Scopus; Art. No.: e71735; Coden: Polnc; doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0071735; Language of Original Document: English; Correspondence Address: Dézerald, O.; EcoFoG, Ecologie des Forêts de Guyane, CNRS UMR 8172, Kourou, France; email: olivier.dezerald@gmail.com |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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499 |
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Duval, R.; Duplais, C. |
| Title |
Fluorescent natural products as probes and tracers in biology |
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Journal Article |
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2017 |
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Natural Product Reports |
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Natural Product Reports |
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34 |
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2 |
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161-193 |
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Covering: 1985 up to the end of 2016 Fluorescence is a remarkable property of many natural products in addition to their medicinal and biological values. Herein, we provide a review on these peculiar secondary metabolites to stimulate prospecting of them as original fluorescent tracers, endowed with unique photophysical properties and with applications in most fields of biology. The compounds are spectrally categorized (i.e. fluorescing from violet to the near infra-red) and further structurally classified within each category. Natural products selected for their high impact in modern fluorescence-based biological studies are highlighted throughout the article. Finally, we discuss aspects of chemical ecology where fluorescent natural products might have key evolutionary roles and thus open new research directions in the field. © 2017 The Royal Society of Chemistry. |
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CNRS, UMR 8172 EcoFoG (Ecologie des Forêts de Guyane), AgroParisTech, Cirad, INRA, Université des Antilles, Université de Guyane, 23 avenue Pasteur, Cayenne, France |
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Export Date: 23 February 2017 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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736 |
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