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Dezerald, O.; Céréghino, R.; Corbara, B.; Dejean, A.; Leroy, C. |
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Functional trait responses of aquatic macroinvertebrates to simulated drought in a Neotropical bromeliad ecosystem |
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2015 |
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Freshwater Biology |
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Freshwater Biology |
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60 |
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9 |
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1917-1929 |
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Food webs; Precipitations; Rainforests; Resistance/resilience; Tipping point |
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The duration of the dry seasons in south-eastern Amazonia is expected to increase. Little is known of how freshwater assemblages respond to drought in the humid rainforests and of the extent to which they resist the absence of rainfall before the collapse of the system. We manipulated rainshelters over tank-forming bromeliads (i.e. the interlocking leaf axils of these plants form wells that collect rainwater) to simulate an exceptionally long dry period (49 days, compared with a 10-year mean ± SD annual maximum number of 17 ± 5.3 days without rainfall at the study site) and then a rewetting period. By sampling weekly over 3 months, we followed the dynamics of the representation of abundance-weighted traits in invertebrate assemblages in these treatment plants and in a control group. The functional structure of assemblages was drought resistant until the water volume in the bromeliad pools dropped by 90%, when there was a sudden shift in the functional trait structure due to the loss of most populations except the drought-resistant culicids. Traits related to life history, body size and preferred food showed significant responses to drought. There was a convergence in the functional traits of species surviving in dry plants, strengthening the idea that environmental filtering, rather than stochasticity, determines the functional trajectory of aquatic assemblages during drought. At the end of the dry period, samples of the detritus potentially containing drought-resistant eggs/cysts (and eventually live larvae) were taken from the dry plants and rewetted in the laboratory, allowing us to distinguish resistant species from those requiring recolonisation via subsequent oviposition by adults from elsewhere. Patches of water-filled bromeliads persisting in the area provided the most important pool of colonists, and communities returned to the pre-disturbance state within 1-2 weeks of rewetting. Our results suggest that the functional trait structure of invertebrate assemblages in bromeliads could remain stable under scenarios of precipitation change that would triple the duration of current dry periods at a local scale. Future experiments should evaluate how environmental factors might alter the tipping point between resistance to drought and a collapse in ecosystem processes. © 2015 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. |
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IRD, UMR AMAP (botAnique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des vegetations), Boulevard de la Lironde, TA A-51/PS2, Montpellier Cedex 5, France |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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616 |
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Molina, L.; Broquet, G.; Imbach, P.; Chevallier, F.; Poulter, B.; Bonal, D.; Burban, B.; Ramonet, M.; Gatti, L.V.; Wofsy, S.C.; Munger, J.W.; Dlugokencky, E.; Ciais, P. |
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On the ability of a global atmospheric inversion to constrain variations of CO2 fluxes over Amazonia |
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2015 |
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Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
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Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
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15 |
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14 |
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8423-8438 |
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The exchanges of carbon, water and energy between the atmosphere and the Amazon basin have global implications for the current and future climate. Here, the global atmospheric inversion system of the Monitoring of Atmospheric Composition and Climate (MACC) service is used to study the seasonal and interannual variations of biogenic CO<inf>2</inf> fluxes in Amazonia during the period 2002-2010. The system assimilated surface measurements of atmospheric CO<inf>2</inf> mole fractions made at more than 100 sites over the globe into an atmospheric transport model. The present study adds measurements from four surface stations located in tropical South America, a region poorly covered by CO<inf>2</inf> observations. The estimates of net ecosystem exchange (NEE) optimized by the inversion are compared to an independent estimate of NEE upscaled from eddy-covariance flux measurements in Amazonia. They are also qualitatively evaluated against reports on the seasonal and interannual variations of the land sink in South America from the scientific literature. We attempt at assessing the impact on NEE of the strong droughts in 2005 and 2010 (due to severe and longer-than-usual dry seasons) and the extreme rainfall conditions registered in 2009. The spatial variations of the seasonal and interannual variability of optimized NEE are also investigated. While the inversion supports the assumption of strong spatial heterogeneity of these variations, the results reveal critical limitations of the coarse-resolution transport model, the surface observation network in South America during the recent years and the present knowledge of modelling uncertainties in South America that prevent our inversion from capturing the seasonal patterns of fluxes across Amazonia. However, some patterns from the inversion seem consistent with the anomaly of moisture conditions in 2009. © Author(s) 2015. |
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NOAA, Earth System Research Laboratory, Global Monitoring Division, Boulder, CO, United States |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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615 |
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Barantal, S.; Schimann, H.; Fromin, N.; Hättenschwiler, S. |
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C, N and P fertilization in an Amazonian rainforest supports stoichiometric dissimilarity as a driver of litter diversity effects on decomposition |
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2014 |
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Proceedings. Biological sciences / The Royal Society |
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Proceedings. Biological sciences / The Royal Society |
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281 |
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1796 |
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20141682 |
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litter diversity; neotropical forest; nutrient addition; soil fauna; stoichiometry; trait dissimilarity |
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Plant leaf litter generally decomposes faster as a group of different species than when individual species decompose alone, but underlying mechanisms of these diversity effects remain poorly understood. Because resource C : N : P stoichiometry (i.e. the ratios of these key elements) exhibits strong control on consumers, we supposed that stoichiometric dissimilarity of litter mixtures (i.e. the divergence in C : N : P ratios among species) improves resource complementarity to decomposers leading to faster mixture decomposition. We tested this hypothesis with: (i) a wide range of leaf litter mixtures of neotropical tree species varying in C : N : P dissimilarity, and (ii) a nutrient addition experiment (C, N and P) to create stoichiometric similarity. Litter mixtures decomposed in the field using two different types of litterbags allowing or preventing access to soil fauna. Litter mixture mass loss was higher than expected from species decomposing singly, especially in presence of soil fauna. With fauna, synergistic litter mixture effects increased with increasing stoichiometric dissimilarity of litter mixtures and this positive relationship disappeared with fertilizer addition. Our results indicate that litter stoichiometric dissimilarity drives mixture effects via the nutritional requirements of soil fauna. Incorporating ecological stoichiometry in biodiversity research allows refinement of the underlying mechanisms of how changing biodiversity affects ecosystem functioning. © 2014 The Author(s) Published by the Royal Society. All rights reserved. |
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Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE UMR 5175, CNRS-Université de Montpellier-Université Paul-Valéry Montpellier-EPHE), 1919 Route de MENDE, 34293 Montpellier Cedex 5, France |
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Export Date: 24 July 2015 |
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613 |
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Leba, L.-J.; Musset, L.; Pelleau, S.; Estevez, Y.; Birer, C.; Briolant, S.; Witkowski, B.; Ménard, D.; Delves, M.J.; Legrand, E.; Duplais, C.; Popovici, J. |
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Use of Plasmodium falciparum culture-adapted field isolates for in vitro exflagellation-blocking assay |
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2015 |
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Malaria Journal |
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Malaria Journal |
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14 |
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234 |
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Background: A major requirement for malaria elimination is the development of transmission-blocking interventions. In vitro transmission-blocking bioassays currently mostly rely on the use of very few Plasmodium falciparum reference laboratory strains isolated decades ago. To fill a piece of the gap between laboratory experimental models and natural systems, the purpose of this work was to determine if culture-adapted field isolates of P. falciparum are suitable for in vitro transmission-blocking bioassays targeting functional maturity of male gametocytes: exflagellation. Methods: Plasmodium falciparum isolates were adapted to in vitro culture before being used for in vitro gametocyte production. Maturation was assessed by microscopic observation of gametocyte morphology over time of culture and the functional viability of male gametocytes was assessed by microscopic counting of exflagellating gametocytes. Suitability for in vitro exflagellation-blocking bioassays was determined using dihydroartemisinin and methylene blue. Results: In vitro gametocyte production was achieved using two isolates from French Guiana and two isolates from Cambodia. Functional maturity of male gametocytes was assessed by exflagellation observations and all four isolates could be used in exflagellation-blocking bioassays with adequate response to methylene blue and dihydroartemisinin. Conclusion: This work shows that in vitro culture-adapted P. falciparum field isolates of different genetic background, from South America and Southeast Asia, can successfully be used for bioassays targeting the male gametocyte to gamete transition, exflagellation. © 2015 Leba et al. |
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Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom |
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612 |
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Leclerc, T.; Vimal, R.; Troispoux, V.; Périgon, S.; Scotti, I. |
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Life after disturbance (I): changes in the spatial genetic structure of Jacaranda copaia (Aubl.) D. Don (Bignonianceae) after logging in an intensively studied plot in French Guiana |
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2015 |
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Annals of Forest Science |
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Annals of Forest Science |
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72 |
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5 |
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509-516 |
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Amazon; Bayesian clustering; Demogenetics; Guiana shield; Parentage analysis; Regeneration; Spatial genetic structure; Tropical rainforest |
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Key message: Forest disturbance affects the within-population distribution of genetic diversity, but not its overall levels, in a tropical pioneer tree species. In particular, clumps of related saplings with impoverished diversity are found in canopy gaps but not under forest cover. Context: Forest disturbances can have long-term consequences on the genetic structure of tree populations, because they can alter the demographic properties of the regeneration process and favour some subpopulations/genotypes, both by stochastic processes and by selection. Intermediate disturbances tend to favour species diversity, at least in highly diverse communities, but their effect on intra-specific diversity is unknown. Aims: In this study, we have looked at the genetic consequences of forest disturbance in a stand of the long-lived Neotropical pioneer species, Jacaranda copaia. Methods: The study site was experimentally logged in 1984, and the canopy gaps generated by the logging were mapped. Seedlings of J. copaia colonised the gaps, as expected, at a higher density than in the surrounding forest. In 2006, we exhaustively sampled all saplings and adult trees available in a 25-ha area. The samples were genotyped at nine microsatellite loci, and the distribution of genetic diversity was inspected by analyses of spatial autocorrelation, automated Bayesian assignment and comparisons of diversity between cohorts by bootstrap (RaBoT). Results: Spatial autocorrelation was found to extend farther in post-disturbance saplings than in the undisturbed population (100 m and beyond versus less than 50 m), and divergent clumps (F<inf>ST</inf> = 0.05) of related genotypes were found; genetic diversity was found to be impoverished in each clump relative to the global population at about half of the loci. Conclusion: Overall, our results suggest that forest disturbance has changed the patterns of distribution of genetic diversity, with potential consequences on long-term population viability. © 2015, INRA and Springer-Verlag France. |
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INRA, URFM « Ecologie des Forêts Méditerranéennes », Domaine de Saint-Paul, Avignon, France |
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611 |
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Morel, H.; Mangenet, T.; Beauchene, J.; Ruelle, J.; Nicolini, E.; Heuret, P.; Thibaut, B. |
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Seasonal variations in phenological traits: leaf shedding and cambial activity in Parkia nitida Miq. and Parkia velutina Benoist (Fabaceae) in tropical rainforest |
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2015 |
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Trees – Structure and Function |
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Trees – Structure and Function |
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29 |
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4 |
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973-984 |
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Cambial activity; Climate; French Guiana; Leaf shedding pattern; Tropical rainforest |
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Key message: In French Guiana, the leaf and cambium phenologies should not be considered only as exogenous-driven processes, as the dry season, but also as endogenous-driven, as tree development stage. Abstract: Studies of the periodicity of wood formation provide essential data on tree age and on factors that control tree growth. The aim of this work was to investigate cambial phenology and its relation with leaf phenology and climatic seasonality in two briefly deciduous tropical rainforest species belonging to the genus Parkia. Wood microcores were collected every 15 days from April 2009 to February 2012 from five trees of each species. The microcores were stained with cresyl violet acetate to facilitate counting the number of cells in the cambial zone, in the radial enlargement zone and wall-thickening zone. At the same time, we observed leaf shedding pattern in the crown of the same trees. In both species, cambial activity was significantly reduced during the leafless period. In P. nitida, these two concomitant events were observed during the dry season whereas in P. velutina they can occur anytime in the year with no apparent link with seasonality. In conclusion, the period of reduced cambial activity in some tropical rainforest trees may be independent of rainfall seasonality and not necessarily follow an annual cycle. It appears that leaf phenology is a good proxy to estimate cambial activity. © 2015, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. |
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CNRS, UMR Laboratoire de Mécanique et Génie Civil de Montpellier, Montpellier, France |
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610 |
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Paine, C.E.T.; Amissah, L.; Auge, H.; Baraloto, C.; Baruffol, M.; Bourland, N.; Bruelheide, H.; Daïnou, K.; de Gouvenain, R.C.; Doucet, J.-L.; Doust, S.; Fine, P.V.A.; Fortunel, C.; Haase, J.; Holl, K.D.; Jactel, H.; Li, X.; Kitajima, K.; Koricheva, J.; Martínez-Garza, C.; Messier, C.; Paquette, A.; Philipson, C.; Piotto, D.; Poorter, L.; Posada, J.M.; Potvin, C.; Rainio, K.; Russo, S.E.; Ruiz-Jaen, M.; Scherer-Lorenzen, M.; Webb, C.O.; Wright, S.J.; Zahawi, R.A.; Hector, A. |
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Globally, functional traits are weak predictors of juvenile tree growth, and we do not know why |
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2015 |
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Journal of Ecology |
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Journal of Ecology |
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103 |
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4 |
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978-989 |
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Functional ecology; FunDivEurope; Growth; Hierarchical models; Plant population and community dynamics; Relative growth rate; Size-standardized growth rate; TreeDivNet |
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Plant functional traits, in particular specific leaf area (SLA), wood density and seed mass, are often good predictors of individual tree growth rates within communities. Individuals and species with high SLA, low wood density and small seeds tend to have faster growth rates. If community-level relationships between traits and growth have general predictive value, then similar relationships should also be observed in analyses that integrate across taxa, biogeographic regions and environments. Such global consistency would imply that traits could serve as valuable proxies for the complex suite of factors that determine growth rate, and, therefore, could underpin a new generation of robust dynamic vegetation models. Alternatively, growth rates may depend more strongly on the local environment or growth-trait relationships may vary along environmental gradients. We tested these alternative hypotheses using data on 27 352 juvenile trees, representing 278 species from 27 sites on all forested continents, and extensive functional trait data, 38% of which were obtained at the same sites at which growth was assessed. Data on potential evapotranspiration (PET), which summarizes the joint ecological effects of temperature and precipitation, were obtained from a global data base. We estimated size-standardized relative height growth rates (SGR) for all species, then related them to functional traits and PET using mixed-effect models for the fastest growing species and for all species together. Both the mean and 95th percentile SGR were more strongly associated with functional traits than with PET. PET was unrelated to SGR at the global scale. SGR increased with increasing SLA and decreased with increasing wood density and seed mass, but these traits explained only 3.1% of the variation in SGR. SGR-trait relationships were consistently weak across families and biogeographic zones, and over a range of tree statures. Thus, the most widely studied functional traits in plant ecology were poor predictors of tree growth over large scales. Synthesis. We conclude that these functional traits alone may be unsuitable for predicting growth of trees over broad scales. Determining the functional traits that predict vital rates under specific environmental conditions may generate more insight than a monolithic global relationship can offer. The most widely studied functional traits in plant ecology, specific leaf area, wood density and seed mass, were only weakly associated with tree growth rates over broad scales. Assessing trait-growth relationships under specific environmental conditions may generate more insight than a global relationship can offer. © 2015 British Ecological Society. |
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Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom |
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Export Date: 3 July 2015 |
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609 |
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Aubry-Kientz, M.; Rossi, V.; Boreux, J.-J.; Herault, B. |
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A joint individual-based model coupling growth and mortality reveals that tree vigor is a key component of tropical forest dynamics |
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2015 |
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Ecology and Evolution |
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Ecology and Evolution |
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5 |
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12 |
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2457-2465 |
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Bayesian framework; Estimation method; Individual-based model; Linked models; Mcmc; Paracou; Tropical forest dynamic |
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Tree vigor is often used as a covariate when tree mortality is predicted from tree growth in tropical forest dynamic models, but it is rarely explicitly accounted for in a coherent modeling framework. We quantify tree vigor at the individual tree level, based on the difference between expected and observed growth. The available methods to join nonlinear tree growth and mortality processes are not commonly used by forest ecologists so that we develop an inference methodology based on an MCMC approach, allowing us to sample the parameters of the growth and mortality model according to their posterior distribution using the joint model likelihood. We apply our framework to a set of data on the 20-year dynamics of a forest in Paracou, French Guiana, taking advantage of functional trait-based growth and mortality models already developed independently. Our results showed that growth and mortality are intimately linked and that the vigor estimator is an essential predictor of mortality, highlighting that trees growing more than expected have a far lower probability of dying. Our joint model methodology is sufficiently generic to be used to join two longitudinal and punctual linked processes and thus may be applied to a wide range of growth and mortality models. In the context of global changes, such joint models are urgently needed in tropical forests to analyze, and then predict, the effects of the ongoing changes on the tree dynamics in hyperdiverse tropical forests. © 2015 The Authors. Ecology and Evolution published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. |
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Département des Sciences et Gestion de l'environnement, Université de Liège, Arlon, Belgium |
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Export Date: 3 July 2015 |
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608 |
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Talaga, S.; Delabie, J.H.C.; Dezerald, O.; Salas-Lopez, A.; Petitclerc, F.; Leroy, C.; Herault, B.; Céréghino, R.; Dejean, A. |
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A bromeliad species reveals invasive ant presence in urban areas of French Guiana |
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2015 |
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Ecological Indicators |
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Ecological Indicators |
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58 |
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1-7 |
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Aechmea aquilega; Bioindicators; Non-specific ant-plant relationships; Surrogacy; Tank bromeliads; Urban ecology |
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Tank bromeliads, frequently associated with ants, are considered 'biodiversity amplifiers' for both aquatic and terrestrial organisms, and thus have a high ecological value. The focal species of this study, Aechmea aquilega, sheltered the colonies of 12 ant species in a Guianese rural habitat where Odontomachus haematodus, associated with 60% of these plants, was the most frequent. Unexpectedly, the ant species richness was higher in a compared urban habitat with 21 species, but two synanthropic and four invasive ants were noted among them. Consequently, we conducted baiting surveys (on the ground, on trees and on trees bearing A. aquilega) as well as complementary surveys using different sampling modes in urban areas to test if A. aquilega is a surrogate revealing the presence of certain invasive ants. During the baiting survey, we recorded four Neotropical and eight introduced invasive ants out of a total of 69 species. Of these 12 invasive species, five were noted by baiting A. aquilega (including two only noted in this way). A bootstrap simulation permitted us to conclude that A. aquilega significantly concentrates certain species of invasive ants. This was confirmed by complementary surveys, where we did not record further species. We conclude that baiting on trees bearing large epiphytes in human-modified, Neotropical areas is a relevant complement to the early detection of invasive ants. © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. |
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CNRS Ecolab (UMR-CNRS 5245), 118 Route de Narbonne, Toulouse, France |
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Export Date: 23 June 2015 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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607 |
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Dejean, A.; Céréghino, R.; Leponce, M.; Rossi, V.; Roux, O.; Compin, A.; Delabie, J.H.C.; Corbara, B. |
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The fire ant Solenopsis saevissima and habitat disturbance alter ant communities |
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2015 |
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Biological Conservation |
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Biological Conservation |
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187 |
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145-153 |
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Ant community; Fire ants; Invasive species; Species coexistence; Supercoloniality |
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The fire ant Solenopsis saevissima is a major pest frequent in human-disturbed areas of its native range where it forms 'supercolonies'. We determined that its natural habitat in French Guiana is likely the sporadically flooded riparian forest and aimed to evaluate this ant's impact on the abundance and diversity of other ants by comparing different habitats at two sites. We noted a significant decrease in ant species richness between the rainforest and human-disturbed habitats (but not between the former and the naturally disturbed riparian forest), and between extreme habitats and all others. The number of ant nests per surface unit (i.e., quadrats of equal surface area), a proxy of ant abundance, globally followed this pattern. S. saevissima was absent from pristine rainforest (as expected) and from extreme habitats, showing the limits of its adaptability, whereas some other native ants can develop in these habitats. Ant species richness was significantly lower in the presence of S. saevissima in the riparian forest, forest edges and meadows, illustrating that this ant species has a negative impact on the ant communities in addition to the impact of natural- and man-made disturbances. Only some ant species can develop in its presence, and certain of these can even thrive. Because it has been recorded in Africa, Guadeloupe and the Galápagos Islands, we concluded that, due to the increasing volume of global trade and forest destruction, S. saevissima could become a pantropical invasive species. © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. |
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Université Clermont Auvergne, Université Blaise Pascal (LMGE), Clermont-Ferrand, France |
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Export Date: 11 June 2015 |
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605 |
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