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Salas-Lopez, A.; Talaga, S.; Lalague, H. |
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The discovery of devil's gardens: An ant-plant mutualism in the cloud forests of the Eastern Amazon |
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2016 |
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Journal of Tropical Ecology |
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Journal of Tropical Ecology |
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32 |
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3 |
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264-268 |
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ant-plant interactions; biogeography; cloud forest; Cordia nodosa; mutualism, Myrmelachista; refuge hypothesis |
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Devil's gardens are one of the most remarkable mutualistic associations between ants and plants. Myrmelachista ants eliminate all vegetation from around their host plants, resulting in wide forest clearings which have intrigued scientists from the start. Despite their noticeability, here we report the discovery of devil's gardens in remote highland cloud forests of the Eastern Amazon, more than 2000 km away from their nearest known analogues in Western Amazonia. We describe the ecological characteristics of these gardens and consider what factors could have produced the geographic isolation of Eastern Amazonian devil's gardens. Three hypotheses are investigated: (1) the host plant distribution restricts the distribution of the mutualism, (2) the ecological tolerances of Myrmelachista explain the isolation, and (3) the devil's gardens of the Eastern Amazon constitute relicts from ancient forest refugia. The distribution of the possible associated myrmecophytes and previously described ecological ranges of devil's gardens cannot explain their ecological restriction to cloud forests in Eastern Amazonia, but our discovery is consistent with the biogeographic refuge hypothesis (i.e. highlands along the Amazon Basin constitute refugia for humid forests that spread during the Cenozoic). Our finding opens exciting perspectives for comparative studies of the origin, ecology and evolutionary history of this ant-plant mutualism. Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2016. |
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INRA, UMR, EcoFoG, Campus Agronomique, BP 316, Kourou Cedex, France |
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Export Date: 1 September 2016 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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691 |
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Almeras, T.; Fournier, M. |
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Biomechanical design and long-term stability of trees: Morphological and wood traits involved in the balance between weight increase and the gravitropic reaction |
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2009 |
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Journal of Theoretical Biology |
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J. Theor. Biol. |
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256 |
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3 |
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370-381 |
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Mechanical design; Gravitropism; Bending stresses; Allometry; Reaction wood |
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Studies on tree biomechanical design usually focus on stem stiffness, resistance to breakage or uprooting, and elastic stability. Here we consider another biomechanical constraint related to the interaction between growth and gravity. Because stems are slender structures and are never perfectly symmetric, the increase in tree mass always causes bending movements. Given the current mechanical design of trees, integration of these movements over time would ultimately lead to a weeping habit unless some gravitropic correction occurs. This correction is achieved by asymmetric internal forces induced during the maturation of new wood. The long-term stability of a growing stem therefore depends on how the gravitropic correction that is generated by diameter growth balances the disturbance due to increasing self weight. General mechanical formulations based on beam theory are proposed to model these phenomena. The rates of disturbance and correction associated with a growth increment are deduced and expressed as a function of elementary traits of stem morphology, cross-section anatomy and wood properties. Evaluation of these traits using previously published data shows that the balance between the correction and the disturbance strongly depends on the efficiency of the gravitropic correction, which depends on the asymmetry of wood maturation strain, eccentric growth, and gradients in wood stiffness. By combining disturbance and correction rates, the gravitropic performance indicates the dynamics of stem bending during growth. It depends on stem biomechanical traits and dimensions. By analyzing dimensional effects, we show that the necessity for gravitropic correction might constrain stem allometric growth in the long-term. This constraint is compared to the requirement for elastic stability, showing that gravitropic performance limits the increase in height of tilted stem and branches. The performance of this function may thus limit the slenderness and lean of stems, and therefore the ability of the tree to capture light in a heterogeneous environment. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. |
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[Almeras, T.; Fournier, M.] INRA, UMR Ecol Forets Guyane, F-97310 Kourou, France, Email: t_almeras@hotmail.com |
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ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD |
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0022-5193 |
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ISI:000263077100008 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
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123 |
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Alméras, T.; Clair, B. |
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Critical review on the mechanisms of maturation stress generation in trees |
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2016 |
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Journal of the Royal Society Interface |
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J R Soc Interface |
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13 |
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122 |
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Trees control their posture by generating asymmetric mechanical stress around the periphery of the trunk or branches. This stress is produced in wood during the maturation of the cell wall. When the need for reaction is high, it is accompanied by strong changes in cell organization and composition called reaction wood, namely compression wood in gymnosperms and tension wood in angiosperms. The process by which stress is generated in the cell wall during its formation is not yet known, and various hypothetical mechanisms have been proposed in the literature. Here we aim at discriminating between these models. First, we summarize current knowledge about reaction wood structure, state and behaviour relevant to the understanding of maturation stress generation. Then, the mechanisms proposed in the literature are listed and discussed in order to identify which can be rejected based on their inconsistency with current knowledge at the frontier between plant science and mechanical engineering. |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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719 |
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Falkowski, M.; Jahn-Oyac, A.; Ferrero, E.; Issaly, J.; Eparvier, V.; Girod, R.; Rodrigues, A.M.S.; Stien, D.; Houel, E.; Dusfour, I. |
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Assessment of A Simple Compound-Saving Method to Study Insecticidal Activity of Natural Extracts and Pure Compounds Against Mosquito Larvae |
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2016 |
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Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association |
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Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association |
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32 |
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4 |
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337-340 |
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Mosquitoes; natural insecticides; screening method |
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Research on natural insecticides has intensified with the spread of resistance to chemicals among insects, particularly disease vectors. To evaluate compounds, the World Health Organization (WHO) has published standardized procedures. However, those may be excessively compound-consuming when it comes to assessing the activity of natural extracts and pure compounds isolated in limited amount. As part of our work on the discovery of new mosquito larvicides from Amazonian plants, we developed a compound-saving assay in 5-ml glass tubes instead of WHO larval 100-ml cups. Comparing activity of synthetic and natural chemicals validated the glass tube assay. Raw data, lethal doses that kill 50% (LD50) and 90% (LD90) at 24 and 48 h, were highly correlated (0.68 < R2 < 0.96, P < 0.001, Pearson test) between cups and tubes. It was also established that 10 tubes (N = 50 larvae) provided the same level of sensitivity as 20 tubes (N = 100). This method proved suitable for rapid screening of natural extracts and molecules, identifying active compounds using 10 times less material than in the WHO protocol. © 2016 by The American Mosquito Control Association, Inc. |
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Sorbonne Universites, UPMC, Universite Paris 06, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biodiversite et Biotechnologies Microbiennes (USR 3579, LBBM), Observatoire Oceanologique, avenue de Fontaul e, Banyuls/Mer-sur-mer, France |
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Export Date: 3 March 2017 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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740 |
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Marcon, E.; Herault, B. |
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entropart: An R package to measure and partition diversity |
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Journal Article |
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2015 |
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Journal of Statistical Software |
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Journal of Statistical Software |
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67 |
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8 |
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1-26 |
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Biodiversity; Entropy; Partitioning |
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entropart is a package for R designed to estimate diversity based on HCDT entropy or similarity-based entropy. It allows calculating species-neutral, phylogenetic and functional entropy and diversity, partitioning them and correcting them for estimation bias. © 2015, American Statistical Association. All rights reserved. |
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Cirad, Campus agronomique, BP 316, Kourou, French Guiana |
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Export Date: 22 October 2015 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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633 |
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Marcon, E.; Traissac, S.; Puech, F.; Lang, G. |
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Title |
Tools to characterize point patterns: dbmss for R |
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Journal Article |
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2015 |
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Journal of Statistical Software |
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Journal of Statistical Software |
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67 |
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Codesnippet3 |
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1-15 |
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Point patterns; R; Spatial structure |
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The dbmss package for R provides an easy-to-use toolbox to characterize the spatial structure of point patterns. Our contribution presents the state of the art of distance-based methods employed in economic geography and which are also used in ecology. Topographic functions such as Ripley’s K, absolute functions such as Duranton and Overman’s Kd and relative functions such as Marcon and Puech’s M are implemented. Their confidence envelopes (including global ones) and tests against counterfactuals are included in the package. © 2015, American Statistical Association. All rights reserved. |
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AgroParisTech, INRA, UMR 518 Math. Info. Appli., 16 rue Claude Bernard, Paris, France |
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Export Date: 22 October 2015 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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635 |
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Conte, D.E.; Aboulaich, A.; Robert, F.; Olivier-Fourcade, J.; Jumas, J.C.; Jordy, C.; Willmann, P. |
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Sn-x[BPO4](1-x) composites as negative electrodes for lithium ion cells: Comparison with amorphous SnB0.6P0.4O2.9 and effect of composition |
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Journal Article |
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2010 |
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Journal of Solid State Chemistry |
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J. Solid State Chem. |
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183 |
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1 |
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65-75 |
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Sn-based composites; Lithium-ion batteries; Negative electrodes; Mossbauer spectroscopy; LixSn alloys |
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A comparative study of two Sn-based composite materials as negative electrode for Li-ion accumulators is presented. The former SnB0.6P0.4O2.9 obtained by in-situ dispersion of SnO in an oxide matrix is shown to be an amorphous tin composite oxide (ATCO). The latter Sn-0.72[BPO4](0.28) obtained by ex-situ dispersion of Sri in a borophosphate matrix consists of Sri particles embedded in a crystalline BPO4 matrix. The electrochemical responses of ATCO and Sn-0.72.[BPO4](0.28) composite in galvanostatic mode show reversible capacities of about 450 and 530 mAhg(-1), respectively, with different irreversible capacities (60% and 29%). Analysis of these composite materials by Sn-119 Mossbauer spectroscopy in transmission (TMS) and emission (CEMS) modes confirms that ATCO is an amorphous Sn-II composite oxide and shows that in the case of Sn-0.72[BPO4](0.28), the Surface of the tin clusters is mainly formed by Sn-II in an amorphous interface whereas the bulk of the clusters is mainly formed by Sn-0. The determination of the recoilless free fractions f (Lamb-Mossbauer factors) leads to the effective fraction of both Sn-0 and Sn-II species in such composites. The influence of chemical composition and especially of the surface-to-bulk tin species ratio oil the electrochemical behaviour has been analysed for several Sn-x[BPO4](1-x) composite materials (0.17 < x < 0.91). The cell using the compound Sn-0.72[BPO4](0.28) as active material exhibits interesting electrochemical performances (reversible capacity of 500 mAh g(-1) at C/5 rate). (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. |
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[Conte, Donato Ercole; Aboulaich, Abdelmaula; Robert, Florent; Olivier-Fourcade, Josette; Jumas, Jean-Claude] Univ Montpellier 2, CNRS, UMR 5253,Inst Charles Gerhardt, Equipe Agregats Interfaces & Mat Energie, F-34095 Montpellier, France, Email: iguanasornione@libero.it |
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ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE |
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0022-4596 |
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ISI:000273834600010 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
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83 |
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Fromin, N.; Porte, B.; Lensi, R.; Hamelin, J.; Domenach, A.-M.; Buatois, B.; Roggy, J.-C. |
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Spatial variability of the functional stability of microbial respiration process: A microcosm study using tropical forest soil |
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Journal Article |
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2012 |
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Journal of Soils and Sediments |
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J. Soils Sed. |
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12 |
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7 |
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1030-1039 |
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Disturbance; Diversity-stability relationship; Microbial diversity; Substrate-induced respiration |
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Purpose: Understanding the ability of ecosystem processes to resist to and to recover from disturbances is critical to sustainable land use. However, the spatial variability of the stability has rarely been addressed. Here, we investigated the functional stability of a soil microbial process for 24 soils collected from adjacent locations from a 0. 3 ha tropical rainforest plot in Paracou, French Guiana. Materials and methods: The 24 locations were characterized regarding soil chemical and biological (microbial diversity) parameters and forest structure. The corresponding soils were submitted to an experimental transient heat disturbance during a microcosm experiment. The response of the respiration process was followed using substrate-induced respiration (SIR). Results and discussion: The response of soil SIR to heat disturbance varied widely between samples. The variability of the SIR response increased just after the disturbance, and a global rather homogeneous decrease in SIR rates was observed 15 and 30 days after. The stability of SIR in response to heat disturbance could not be related to either the genetic or the metabolic diversity of the microbial community. The initial level of SIR before the disturbance was the soil variable that best correlated with the impact of the disturbance: the soil locations with the highest initial SIR rates were the most affected 15 and 30 days after the heat disturbance. Conclusions: Such a heterogeneous response suggests that the response of soil processes to a disturbance will be difficult to assess from only local-scale analyses and highlights the need for spatial explicitness in understanding biogeochemical processes. © 2012 Springer-Verlag. |
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UMR EcoFoG, BP 709, 97387 Kourou, French Guiana |
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14390108 (Issn) |
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Export Date: 30 July 2012; Source: Scopus; doi: 10.1007/s11368-012-0528-7; Language of Original Document: English; Correspondence Address: Fromin, N.; CEFE, CNRS UMR 5175, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier cedex 5, France; email: nathalie.fromin@cefe.cnrs.fr |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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415 |
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Touchard, A.; Dauvois, M.; Arguel, M.-J.; Petitclerc, F.; Leblanc, M.; Dejean, A.; Orivel, J.; Nicholson, G.M.; Escoubas, P. |
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Elucidation of the unexplored biodiversity of ant venom peptidomes via MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry and its application for chemotaxonomy |
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Journal Article |
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2014 |
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Journal of Proteomics |
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J. Proteomics |
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105 |
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217-231 |
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Ant venom; Chemotaxonomy; Maldi-Tof Ms; Peptide; Peptidome; Ponerinae; ant venom; cytochrome c oxidase; ant; article; biodiversity; chemotaxonomy; correlational study; DNA sequence; French Guiana; Hymenoptera; matrix assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry; mitochondrial gene; nonhuman; Odontomachus biumbonatus; Odontomachus haematodus; Odontomachus hastatus; Odontomachus mayi; Odontomachus scalptus; Pachcondyla apicalis; Pachcondyla arhuaca; Pachcondyla commutata; Pachcondyla constricta; Pachcondyla crassinola; Pachcondyla goeldii; Pachcondyla inversa; Pachcondyla marginata; Pachcondyla procidua; Pachcondyla stigma; Pachcondyla verenae; Pachcondyla villosa; peptidomics; phylogeny; priority journal; Animalia; Formicidae; Hymenoptera; Odontomachus; Pachycondyla; Pachycondyla apicalis; Pachycondyla stigma; Ponerinae |
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The rise of integrative taxonomy, a multi-criteria approach used in characterizing species, fosters the development of new tools facilitating species delimitation. Mass spectrometric (MS) analysis of venom peptides from venomous animals has previously been demonstrated to be a valid method for identifying species. Here we aimed to develop a rapid chemotaxonomic tool for identifying ants based on venom peptide mass fingerprinting. The study focused on the biodiversity of ponerine ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Ponerinae) in French Guiana. Initial experiments optimized the use of automated matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) to determine variations in the mass profiles of ant venoms using several MALDI matrices and additives. Data were then analyzed via a hierarchical cluster analysis to classify the venoms of 17 ant species. In addition, phylogenetic relationships were assessed and were highly correlated with methods using DNA sequencing of the mitochondrial gene cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1. By combining a molecular genetics approach with this chemotaxonomic approach, we were able to improve the accuracy of the taxonomic findings to reveal cryptic ant species within species complexes. This chemotaxonomic tool can therefore contribute to more rapid species identification and more accurate taxonomies. Biological significance: This is the first extensive study concerning the peptide analysis of the venom of both Pachycondyla and Odontomachus ants. We studied the venoms of 17 ant species from French Guiana that permitted us to fine-tune the venom analysis of ponerine ants via MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. We explored the peptidomes of crude ant venom and demonstrated that venom peptides can be used in the identification of ant species. In addition, the application of this novel chemotaxonomic method combined with a parallel genetic approach using COI sequencing permitted us to reveal the presence of cryptic ants within both the Pachycondyla apicalis and Pachycondyla stigma species complexes. This adds a new dimension to the search for means of exploiting the enormous biodiversity of venomous ants as a source for novel therapeutic drugs or biopesticides. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Proteomics of non-model organisms. © 2014 Elsevier B.V. |
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Neurotoxin Research Group, School of Medical and Molecular Biosciences, University of Technology, Sydney, NSW, Australia |
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Elsevier |
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18767737 (Issn) |
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Cited By (since 1996):1; Export Date: 30 July 2014; Correspondence Address: Touchard, A.; UMR-EcoFoG, Campus Agronomique, BP 316, 97379 Kourou Cedex, France; email: axel.touchard@ecofog.gf; Chemicals/CAS: cytochrome c oxidase, 72841-18-0, 9001-16-5 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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555 |
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Aili, S.R.; Touchard, A.; Koh, J.M.S.; Dejean, A.; Orivel, J.; Padula, M.P.; Escoubas, P.; Nicholson, G.M. |
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Comparisons of Protein and Peptide Complexity in Poneroid and Formicoid Ant Venoms |
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Journal Article |
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2016 |
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Journal of Proteome Research |
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Journal of Proteome Research |
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15 |
Issue |
9 |
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3039-3054 |
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ant venom; Hymenoptera; Lc-Maldi-Tof Ms; mass spectrometry; nanoLC-ESI-QTOF MS/MS; peptidome; proteomic analysis; toxin |
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Animal venom peptides are currently being developed as novel drugs and bioinsecticides. Because ants use venoms for defense and predation, venomous ants represent an untapped source of potential bioactive toxins. This study compared the protein and peptide components of the poneroid ants Neoponera commutata, Neoponera apicalis, and Odontomachus hastatus and the formicoid ants Ectatomma tuberculatum, Ectatomma brunneum, and Myrmecia gulosa. 1D and 2D PAGE revealed venom proteins in the mass range <10 to >250 kDa. NanoLC-ESI-QTOF MS/MS analysis of tryptic peptides revealed the presence of common venom proteins and also many undescribed proteins. RP-HPLC separation followed by MALDI-TOF MS of the venom peptides also revealed considerable heterogeneity. It was found that the venoms contained between 144 and 1032 peptides with 5-95% of peptides in the ranges 1-4 and 1-8 kDa for poneroid and formicoid ants, respectively. By employing the reducing MALDI matrix 1,5-diaminonapthalene, up to 28 disulfide-bonded peptides were also identified in each of the venoms. In particular, the mass range of peptides from poneroid ants is lower than peptides from other venoms, indicating possible novel structures and pharmacologies. These results indicate that ant venoms represent an enormous, untapped source of novel therapeutic and bioinsecticide leads. © 2016 American Chemical Society. |
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VenomeTech, 473 Route des Dolines, Valbonne, France |
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Export Date: 15 September 2016 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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695 |
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