| Records |
| Author |
Schimann, H.; Joffre, R.; Roggy, J.C.; Lensi, R.; Domenach, A.M. |
| Title |
Evaluation of the recovery of microbial functions during soil restoration using near-infrared spectroscopy |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2007 |
Publication |
Applied Soil Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Appl. Soil Ecol. |
| Volume |
37 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
223-232 |
| Keywords |
NIRS; microbial activities; respiration; denitrification; carbon; nitrogen; soil functioning; restoration |
| Abstract |
Microbial-based indicators, such as C and N contents or microbial functions involved in C and N cycles, are currently used to describe the status of soils in disturbed areas. Microbial functions are more accurate indicators but their measurement for studies at the ecosystem level remains problematical because of the huge spatial variability of these processes and, consequently, of the large number of soil samples which must be analyzed. Our goal was to test the capacity of near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) to predict respiration and denitrification but also carbon and nitrogen contents of soils submitted to various procedures of restoration. To achieve this objective, we took advantage of an experiment conducted on a reforestation system established after open-cast gold mining in French Guiana. In this experimental station, plantations of various ages and various soil textures were at our disposal. Our results showed that both plantations and soil texture had a strong impact on the recovery of soil functioning: carbon and nitrogen contents, respiration and denitrification increased with age of plantation and clay content. Calibrations were performed between spectral data and microbial-based indicators using partial least squares regression (PLS). The results showed that C and N contents were accurately predicted. Microbial functions were less precisely predicted with results more accurate on clayey soils than on sandy soils. In clayey soils, perturbed or restored soils and the year of plantation were discriminated very efficiently through principal component analyses of spectral signatures (over 80% of variance explained on the first two axes). Near-infrared spectroscopy may thus be extended to the prediction of functional soil parameters, but the capacity of this method must be strengthened by expending the databases with other soils in other contexts. The possibility of using NIRS provides many opportunities for understanding both the temporal dynamics and the spatial variability of the recovery of key microbial functions during soil restoration. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. |
| Address |
UMR EcoFoG, Kourou 97387, French Guiana, Email: heidy.schimann@cirad.fr |
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Thesis |
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| Publisher |
ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV |
Place of Publication |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0929-1393 |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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Notes  |
ISI:000250668000006 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
154 |
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| Author |
Almeras, T.; Gril, J. |
| Title |
Mechanical analysis of the strains generated by water tension in plant stems. Part 1: stress transmission from the water to the cell walls |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2007 |
Publication |
Tree Physiology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Tree Physiol. |
| Volume |
27 |
Issue |
11 |
Pages |
1505-1516 |
| Keywords |
biomechanics; cell mechanics; diurnal strains; mechanical model; multilayer cylinder; stress transtnissionjactor |
| Abstract |
Plant tissues shrink and swell in response to changes in water pressure. These strains can be easily measured, e.g., at the surface of tree stems, to obtain indirect information about plant water status and other physiological parameters. We developed a mechanical model to clarify how water pressure is transmitted to cell walls and causes shrinkage of plant tissues, particularly in the case of thick-walled cells such as wood fibers. Our analysis shows that the stress inside the fiber cell walls is lower than the water tension. The difference is accounted for by a stress transmission factor that depends on two main effects. The first effect is the dilution of the stress through the cell wall, because water acts at the lumen border and is transmitted to the cuter border of the cell, which has a larger circumference. The second effect is the partial conversion of radial stress into tangential stress. Both effects are quantified as functions of parameters of the cell wall structure and its mechanical properties. |
| Address |
INRA, UMR Ecofog, F-97379 Kourou, French Guiana, France, Email: t_almeras@hotmail.com |
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Thesis |
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| Publisher |
HERON PUBLISHING |
Place of Publication |
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Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0829-318X |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
ISI:000250847000001 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
152 |
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| Author |
LaPierre, L.; Hespenheide, H.; Dejean, A. |
| Title |
Wasps robbing food from ants: a frequent behavior? |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2007 |
Publication |
Naturwissenschaften |
Abbreviated Journal |
Naturwissenschaften |
| Volume |
94 |
Issue |
12 |
Pages |
997-1001 |
| Keywords |
cleptobiosis; social wasps; charterginus; polybioides; plant-ants |
| Abstract |
Food robbing, or cleptobiosis, has been well documented throughout the animal kingdom. For insects, intrafamilial food robbing is known among ants, but social wasps (Vespidae; Polistinae) taking food from ants has, to the best of our knowledge, never been reported. In this paper, we present two cases involving social wasps robbing food from ants associated with myrmecophytes. (1) Polybioides tabida F. (Ropalidiini) rob pieces of prey from Tetraponera aethiops Smith (Formicidae; Pseudomyrmecinae) specifically associated with Barteria fistulosa Mast. (Passifloraceae). (2) Charterginus spp. (Epiponini) rob food bodies from myrmecophytic Cecropia (Cecropiaceae) exploited by their Azteca mutualists (Formicidae; Dolichoderinae) or by opportunistic ants (that also attack cleptobiotic wasps). We note here that wasps gather food bodies (1) when ants are not yet active; (2) when ants are active, but avoiding any contact with them by flying off when attacked; and (3) through the coordinated efforts of two to five wasps, wherein one of them prevents the ants from leaving their nest, while the other wasps freely gather the food bodies. We suggest that these interactions are more common than previously thought. |
| Address |
CNRS Guyane, UPS2561, UMR5174, F-97300 Cayenne, France, Email: llapierre@lowercolumbia.edu |
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Thesis |
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| Publisher |
SPRINGER |
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Original Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0028-1042 |
ISBN |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
ISI:000250980800006 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
153 |
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| Author |
Luyssaert, S.; Inglima, I.; Jung, M.; Richardson, A.D.; Reichsteins, M.; Papale, D.; Piao, S.L.; Schulzes, E.D.; Wingate, L.; Matteucci, G.; Aragao, L.; Aubinet, M.; Beers, C.; Bernhoffer, C.; Black, K.G.; Bonal, D.; Bonnefond, J.M.; Chambers, J.; Ciais, P.; Cook, B.; Davis, K.J.; Dolman, A.J.; Gielen, B.; Goulden, M.; Grace, J.; Granier, A.; Grelle, A.; Griffis, T.; Grunwald, T.; Guidolotti, G.; Hanson, P.J.; Harding, R.; Hollinger, D.Y.; Hutyra, L.R.; Kolar, P.; Kruijt, B.; Kutsch, W.; Lagergren, F.; Laurila, T.; Law, B.E.; Le Maire, G.; Lindroth, A.; Loustau, D.; Malhi, Y.; Mateus, J.; Migliavacca, M.; Misson, L.; Montagnani, L.; Moncrieff, J.; Moors, E.; Munger, J.W.; Nikinmaa, E.; Ollinger, S.V.; Pita, G.; Rebmann, C.; Roupsard, O.; Saigusa, N.; Sanz, M.J.; Seufert, G.; Sierra, C.; Smith, M.L.; Tang, J.; Valentini, R.; Vesala, T.; Janssens, I.A. |
| Title |
CO2 balance of boreal, temperate, and tropical forests derived from a global database |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2007 |
Publication |
Global Change Biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Glob. Change Biol. |
| Volume |
13 |
Issue |
12 |
Pages |
2509-2537 |
| Keywords |
carbon cycle; CO2; forest ecosystems; global database; gross primary productivity; net ecosystem productivity; net primary productivity |
| Abstract |
Terrestrial ecosystems sequester 2.1 Pg of atmospheric carbon annually. A large amount of the terrestrial sink is realized by forests. However, considerable uncertainties remain regarding the fate of this carbon over both short and long timescales. Relevant data to address these uncertainties are being collected at many sites around the world, but syntheses of these data are still sparse. To facilitate future synthesis activities, we have assembled a comprehensive global database for forest ecosystems, which includes carbon budget variables (fluxes and stocks), ecosystem traits (e.g. leaf area index, age), as well as ancillary site information such as management regime, climate, and soil characteristics. This publicly available database can be used to quantify global, regional or biome-specific carbon budgets; to re-examine established relationships; to test emerging hypotheses about ecosystem functioning [e.g. a constant net ecosystem production (NEP) to gross primary production (GPP) ratio]; and as benchmarks for model evaluations. In this paper, we present the first analysis of this database. We discuss the climatic influences on GPP, net primary production (NPP) and NEP and present the CO2 balances for boreal, temperate, and tropical forest biomes based on micrometeorological, ecophysiological, and biometric flux and inventory estimates. Globally, GPP of forests benefited from higher temperatures and precipitation whereas NPP saturated above either a threshold of 1500 mm precipitation or a mean annual temperature of 10 degrees C. The global pattern in NEP was insensitive to climate and is hypothesized to be mainly determined by nonclimatic conditions such as successional stage, management, site history, and site disturbance. In all biomes, closing the CO2 balance required the introduction of substantial biome-specific closure terms. Nonclosure was taken as an indication that respiratory processes, advection, and non-CO2 carbon fluxes are not presently being adequately accounted for. |
| Address |
Univ Antwerp, Dept Biol, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium, Email: Sebastiaan.Luyssaert@ua.ac.be |
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Thesis |
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| Publisher |
BLACKWELL PUBLISHING |
Place of Publication |
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Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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| Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
1354-1013 |
ISBN |
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| Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
ISI:000251049000004 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
151 |
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| Author |
Jaouen, G.; Almeras, T.; Coutand, C.; Fournier, M. |
| Title |
How to determine sapling buckling risk with only a few measurements |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2007 |
Publication |
American Journal of Botany |
Abbreviated Journal |
Am. J. Bot. |
| Volume |
94 |
Issue |
10 |
Pages |
1583-1593 |
| Keywords |
biomechanics; critical buckling height; French Guiana; risk factor; sapling; stem form; tropical rain forest; trunk volume |
| Abstract |
Tree buckling risk (actual height/critical buckling height) is an important biomechanical trait of plant growth strategies, and one that contributes to species coexistence. To estimate the diversity of this trait among wide samples, a method that minimizes damage to the plants is necessary. On the basis of the rarely used, complete version of Greenhill's model (1881, Proceedings of the Cambridge Philosophical Society 4(2): 65-73), we precisely measured all the necessary parameters on a sample of 236 saplings of 16 species. Then, using sensitivity (variance) analysis, regressions between successive models for risk factors and species ranks and the use of these models on samples of self- and nonself-supporting saplings, we tested different degrees of simplification up to the most simple and widely used formula that assumes that the tree is a cylindrical homogeneous pole. The size factor had the greatest effect on buckling risk, followed by the form factor and the modulus of elasticity of the wood. Therefore, estimates of buckling risk must consider not only the wood properties but especially the form factor. Finally, we proposed a simple but accurate method of assessing tree buckling risk that is applicable to a wide range of samples and that requires mostly nondestructive measurements. |
| Address |
INRA, UMR Ecol Forets Guyane, Kourou 97379, French Guiana, Email: jaouen-g@kourou.cirad.fr |
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Thesis |
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| Publisher |
BOTANICAL SOC AMER INC |
Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0002-9122 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
ISI:000251466600001 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
148 |
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| Author |
Schimann, H.; Ponton, S.; Hattenschwiler, S.; Ferry, B.; Lensi, R.; Domenach, A.M.; Roggy, J.C. |
| Title |
Differing nitrogen use strategies of two tropical rainforest late successional tree species in French Guiana: Evidence from N-15 natural abundance and microbial activities |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2008 |
Publication |
Soil Biology & Biochemistry |
Abbreviated Journal |
Soil Biol. Biochem. |
| Volume |
40 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
487-494 |
| Keywords |
soil; litter; nitrate; nitrification; tree rooting; N-15; Eperua falcata; Dicorynia guianensis; tropical forest |
| Abstract |
Previous studies in lowland tropical rainforests of French Guiana showed that, among non-N-2-fixing trees, two groups of late successional species contrasting in their leaf N-15 natural abundance coexist, suggesting two different main ways of nitrogen acquisition. Two abundant late-successional species typically co-occurring in rainforests in French Guiana, namely Eperua falcata and Dicorynia guianensis, were chosen as representative of each group. Stable isotope techniques and measurements of potentials of microbial N transformation were performed to assess to what extent leaf N-15 natural abundance of these species could be related to (i) delta N-15 signatures of soil mineral N sources and (ii) the capacity of soil to express nitrification and denitrification (both processes being directly involved in the balance between NH4+ and NO3-). Soil delta N-15-NH4+ was roughly similar to leaf delta N-15 of D. guianensis (around 3.5 parts per thousand), suggesting a preferential use of NH4+, whereas in E. falcata, leaf delta N-15 values were closer to root delta N-15-NO3- values (0.2 and -2.0 parts per thousand, respectively), suggesting a preferential use of NO3-. These differences in N source utilization were not accompanied by differences in availability in soil NO3- or in intensity of microbial functions responsible for soil N mineral evolution. However, (i) under both tree species, these functions showed clear spatial partitioning, with denitrification occurring potentially in soil and nitrification in the litter layer, and (ii) E falcata fine roots colonized the litter layer much more strongly than D. guianensis fine roots. This strongly suggests that (i) the contrasted leaf delta N-15 values found in the two late-successional species reveal distinct N acquisition strategies and (ii) the ability of roots to predominantly exploit the litter layer (E falcata) or the soil (D. guianensis) may constitute an important explanation of the observed differences. A complementarity between tree species, based on mineral N resource partitioning (itself resulting from a spatially structured location of the microbial functions responsible for the balance between NH4+ and NO3-), n thus be supposed. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. |
| Address |
[Schimann, Heidy; Ponton, Stephane; Domenach, Anne-Marie; Roggy, Jean-Christophe] UMR Ecol Forets Guyane, F-97387 Kourou, French Guiana, Email: heidy_schimann@cirad.fr |
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| Publisher |
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0038-0717 |
ISBN |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
ISI:000251655800021 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
146 |
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| Author |
Herault, B. |
| Title |
Reconciling niche and neutrality through the Emergent Group approach |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2007 |
Publication |
Perspectives in Plant Ecology Evolution and Systematics |
Abbreviated Journal |
Perspect. Plant Ecol. Evol. Syst. |
| Volume |
9 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
71-78 |
| Keywords |
Biodiversity; ecological equivalency; biological traits; neutral theory; niche differentiation; redundancy |
| Abstract |
Both niche and neutral theories have been suggested as potential frameworks for modelling biodiversity. Niche models assume that biological traits represent evolutionary adaptations and define individuals in terms of functional trade-offs. Neutral models assume that all individuals at a single trophic level are functionally equivalent on a per capita basis with respect to their birth, death, dispersal and speciation. The opinion of many researchers is that neutral and niche processes operate simultaneously to generate diversity without knowing how the unification of both models can be achieved. Recently, several theoretical papers have reported evidence on the evolutionary emergence of niche structures shaping the emergence of groups of similar species. In this way, an Emergent Group is defined as a set of species that have a similar functional niche owing to a convergent ecological strategy. Central to the Emergent Group concept are the assumptions of functional equivalence within and of functional divergence between Emergent Groups. Within an Emergent Group, species richness is subject to a zero-sum rule set by the balance between the rate of individual loss and of immigration. Between Emergent Groups, tradeoffs such as seed size/seedling competitivity, investment in reproductive system/investment in vegetative systems or competitive ability/predator invulnerability are cornerstones of the evolutionary divergence. Delineating Emergent Groups amounts to reaching a compromise between maximizing niche differentiation (i.e. maximizing differences in functional tradeoffs) between Emergent Groups and maximizing neutrality within Emergent Groups. Up to now, the Emergent Group concept has been mostly proposed by theoretical scientists but it should be tested by empirical ecologists. The way in which niche and neutral models could be combined provides a profitable opportunity for theoretical and empirical scientists to collaborate fruitfully. (c) 2007 Rubel Foundation, ETH Zurich. Published by Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved. |
| Address |
[Herault, Bruno] Univ Antilles Guyane, UMR Ecol Forets Guyane, F-97379 Kourou, France, Email: Bruno.Herault@cirad.fr |
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| Publisher |
ELSEVIER GMBH, URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG |
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Summary Language |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
1433-8319 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
ISI:000251685100002 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
147 |
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| Author |
Dejean, A.; Djieto-Lordon, C.; Orivel, J. |
| Title |
The plant ant Tetraponera aethiops (Pseudomyrmecinae) protects its host myrmecophyte Barteria fistulosa (Passifloraceae) through aggressiveness and predation |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2008 |
Publication |
Biological Journal of the Linnean Society |
Abbreviated Journal |
Biol. J. Linnean Soc. |
| Volume |
93 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
63-69 |
| Keywords |
ants; plant protection; territorial aggressiveness |
| Abstract |
Plant ants generally provide their host myrmecophytes (i.e. plants that shelter a limited number of ant species in hollow structures) protection from defoliating insects, but the exact nature of this protection is poorly known. It was with this in mind that we studied the association between Tetraponera aethiops F. Smith (Pseudomyrmecinae) and its specific host myrmecophyte Barteria fistulosa Mast. (Passifloraceae). Workers bore entrances into the horizontal hollow branches (domatia) of their host B. fistulosa, near the base of the petiole of the alternate horizontal leaves. They then ambush intruders from the domatia, close to these entrances. After perceiving the vibrations caused when an insect lands on a leaf, they rush to it and sting and generally spreadeagle the insect (only small caterpillars are mastered by single workers). Among the insects likely to defoliate B. fistulosa, adult leaf beetles and large katydids were taken as prey and cut up; single workers then retrieved some pieces, whereas other workers imbibed the prey's haemolymph. Other insects known to defoliate this plant, if unable to escape, were killed and discarded. Small Acrea zetes L. caterpillars were stung and then discarded by single workers; whereas locusts of different sizes were mastered by groups of workers that stung and spreadeagled them before discarding them (although a part of their haemolymph was imbibed). More workers were involved and more time was necessary to master insects taken as prey than those attacked and discarded. Consequently, the protection T. aethiops workers provide to their host B. fistulosa from defoliating insects results from predation, but more often from a type of aggressiveness wherein insects are killed and then discarded. (c) 2008 The Linnean Society of London. |
| Address |
[Dejean, Alain] CNRS Guyane, UPS 2561, F-97300 Cayenne, France, Email: alain.dejean@wanadoo.fr |
| Corporate Author |
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| Publisher |
BLACKWELL PUBLISHING |
Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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Summary Language |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0024-4066 |
ISBN |
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| Notes |
ISI:000251738300007 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
213 |
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| Author |
Bleron, L.; Duchanois, G.; Thibaut, B. |
| Title |
Characteristic properties of embedding strength for the nailing of the gonfolio rose (Qualea rosea Aubl.) |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2008 |
Publication |
Holzforschung |
Abbreviated Journal |
Holzforschung |
| Volume |
62 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
86-90 |
| Keywords |
embedding strength; Eurocode V; nail |
| Abstract |
Experimental results are presented with single nail joints of gonfolo rose which were loaded at different grain angles and compared to results obtained by Eurocode V. A wide range of embedding strength tests was conducted. The embedding behaviour across the grain was also investigated with a specific test apparatus. The results were analysed and modelled in terms of strength. Initial loading and unloading stiffness of the timber have been taken into account. The embedment strength of the nails varied according to the angle between the direction of loading and that to the grain. This work is part of a larger research project to establish a computer program for the prediction of stiffness and limit strengths of all timber-to-timber and timber-to-steel joints. |
| Address |
[Bleron, Laurent] LABOMAP ENSAM, F-71250 Poret De Paris, Cluny, France, Email: laurent.bleron@cluny.ensam.fr |
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| Publisher |
WALTER DE GRUYTER & CO |
Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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| Language |
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Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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| Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0018-3830 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
ISI:000252041400013 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
144 |
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| Author |
Brendel, O.; Le Thiec, D.; Scotti-Saintagne, C.; Bodenes, C.; Kremer, A.; Guehl, J.M. |
| Title |
Quantitative trait loci controlling water use efficiency and related traits in Quercus robur L |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2008 |
Publication |
Tree Genetics & Genomes |
Abbreviated Journal |
Tree Genet. Genomes |
| Volume |
4 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
263-278 |
| Keywords |
Quercus robur; carbon isotope composition; delta C-13; water use efficiency; QTL |
| Abstract |
Genetic variation for intrinsic water use efficiency (W-i) and related traits was estimated in a full-sib family of Quercus robur L. over 3 years. The genetic linkage map available for this F1 family was used to locate quantitative trait loci (QTL) for W-i, as estimated by leaf carbon stable isotope composition (delta C-13) or the ratio of net CO2 assimilation rate (A) to stomatal conductance to water vapour (g(w)) and related leaf traits. Gas exchange measurements were used to standardize estimates of A and g(w) and to model the sensitivity of gw to leaf-to-air vapour pressure deficit (sg(VPD)). delta C-13 varied by more than 3% among the siblings, which is equivalent to 40% variation of W-i. Most of the studied traits exhibited high clonal mean repeat-abilities (> 50%; proportion of clonal mean variability in global variance). Repeatabilities for delta C-13, leaf mass per area (LMA) and leaf nitrogen content were higher than 70%. For delta C-13, ten QTLs were detected, one of which was detected repeatedly for all 3 years and consistently explained more than 20% of measured variance. Four genomic regions were found in which co-localizing traits linked variation in W-i to variations in leaf chlorophyll and nitrogen content, LMA and sg(VPD). A positive correlation using clonal means between delta C-13 and A/g(w), as well as a co-localisation of QTL detected for both traits, can be seen as validation of the theoretical model linking the genetic architecture of these two traits. |
| Address |
[Brendel, Oliver; Le Thiec, Didier; Guehl, Jean-Marc] Ctr INRA Nancy, UMR INRA UHP 1137, F-54280 Seichamps, France, Email: brendel@nancy.inra.fr |
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SPRINGER HEIDELBERG |
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1614-2942 |
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ISI:000253091100013 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
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143 |
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