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Chartier, M.; Pélozuelo, L.; Gibernau, M. |
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Do floral odor profiles geographically vary with the degree of specificity for pollinators? Investigation in two sapromyophilous Arum species (Araceae) |
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2011 |
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Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ann. Soc. Entomol. Fr. |
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47 |
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1-2 |
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71-77 |
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Arum italicum; Arum maculatum; Floral scent; Psychodidae; Specificity |
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We compared floral odour profiles among populations of two Arum species which show different degrees of specificity for their fly pollinators. Insects were collected from inflorescences in four populations of Arum italicum and two populations of Arum maculatum. In six Arum populations, we compared inflorescences odour profiles collected by Solid Phase Micro Extraction (SPME) and analysed by gas chromatography. We confirmed that from a pollination point of view, A. italicum is an opportunist species, as it is mainly pollinated by insects of the families Psychodidae, Chironomidae and Sciaridae, whereas A. maculatum is a specialist species, as it is 90% pollinated by Psychodidae. In all populations, Arum italicum was less attractive to pollinators than Arum maculatum. Floral odour profiles of A. italicum were not geographically structured among populations, suggesting a high gene flow or adaptation to a fluctuant guild of pollinators. On the contrary, odour profiles of A. maculatum varied between the two populations studied suggesting a lower gene flow or adaptation to different local pollinator preferences. |
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CNRS – Ecofog (UMR 8172), BP709, F-97387 Kourou, France |
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Export Date: 26 October 2011; Source: Scopus; Language of Original Document: English; Correspondence Address: Chartier, M.; Université Paul Sabatier, Laboratoire Evolution and Diversité Biologique (UMR 5174), Bât. 4R3-B2, F-31062 Toulouse cedex 9, France; email: chartier.marion@gmail.com |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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366 |
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Mariano, C.S.F.; Silva Santos, I.D.A.; Groc, S.; Leroy, C.; Malé, P.-J.; Ruiz-González, M.X.; Cerdan, P.; Dejean, A.; Delabie, J.H.C. |
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The karyotypes of Gigantiops destructor (Fabricius) and other ants from French Guiana (Formicidae) |
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2011 |
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Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France |
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Ann. Soc. Entomol. Fr. |
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47 |
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1-2 |
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140-146 |
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Chromosome number; Diversity; Minimum interaction theory |
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The aim of this study, which was conducted in French Guiana, was to characterize the karyotypes of nine ant species belonging to the genera Anochetus, Apterostigma, Cyphomyrmex, Camponotus, Gigantiops, Myrmicocrypta, Odontomachus and Pseudomyrmex, and to compare them with published data. We present the first descriptions of the karyotypes of Gigantiops destructor (Fabricius), an endemic Formicinae of the Amazonian region, which is the only living species in the tribe Gigantiopini, and of a species from the poorly-known cryptic genus Myrmicocrypta, which belongs to the Myrmicinae tribe Attini. |
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HYDRECO, Laboratoire Environnement Aménagement de Petit Saut, BP 823, F- 97388 Kourou Cedex, France |
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Export Date: 26 October 2011; Source: Scopus; Language of Original Document: English; Correspondence Address: Delabie, J.H.C.; Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Rodovia Ilhéus-Itabuna, Km 16, 45650-000 Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil |
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Faucheux, M.J.; Gibernau, M. |
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Antennal sensilla in five Psychodini moth flies (Diptera: Psychodidae: Psychodinae) pollinators of Arum spp. (Araceae) |
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2011 |
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Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France |
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Ann. Soc. Entomol. Fr. |
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47 |
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1-2 |
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89-100 |
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Chodopsycha; Deceptive pollination; Logima; Psycha; Psychoda |
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The pollination of the genus Arum (Araceae) is mainly achieved by deception, the floral odour mimicking the pollinator ovipositing site. In order to discover the sensory organs involved in this attraction, we have studied the antennae of five species of psychodine moth-flies (former Psychoda sensu lato = Psychodini), pollinators of Arum spp. The antennae of the five Psychodini reveal seven types of sensilla: multiporous tribranched sensilla basiconica (sensilla ascoidea), multiporous sensilla basiconica, multiporous sensilla coeloconica, multiporous sensilla auricillica, uniporous sensilla basiconica, aporous sensilla chaetica, aporous Böhm's sensilla. Each species possesses three, five or six of these sensillum types. All the multiporous sensilla are probably olfactory receptors while the uniporous sensilla basiconica must possess a contact chemoreceptive function. The multiporous tribranched sensilla basiconica (s. ascoidea), present in all the species, are the best candidates for the reception of the odours given off by the ovipositing sites and the inflorescences of Arum. The multiporous sensilla basiconica and the multiporous sensilla coeloconica may be involved respectively as CO2 receptors or thermoreceptors. Psychoda phalaenoides, which is the main pollinator of A. maculatum, is the species which possesses the largest number of antennal sensilla. The sexual dimorphism, studied only in Psycha grisescens, as concerns the number of sensilla and the absence of a sensillum type which differ according to sex, is difficult to interpret. |
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CNRS – Ecofog UMR 8172, BP 709, F-97387 Kourou, France |
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Export Date: 26 October 2011; Source: Scopus; Language of Original Document: English; Correspondence Address: Faucheux, M.J.; Université de Nantes, Laboratoire d'Endocrinologie des Insectes Sociaux, 2 rue de la Houssinière, F-44322 Nantes Cedex 03, France; email: faucheux.michel@free.fr |
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365 |
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Molina, L.; Broquet, G.; Imbach, P.; Chevallier, F.; Poulter, B.; Bonal, D.; Burban, B.; Ramonet, M.; Gatti, L.V.; Wofsy, S.C.; Munger, J.W.; Dlugokencky, E.; Ciais, P. |
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On the ability of a global atmospheric inversion to constrain variations of CO2 fluxes over Amazonia |
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Journal Article |
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2015 |
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Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
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Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
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15 |
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14 |
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8423-8438 |
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The exchanges of carbon, water and energy between the atmosphere and the Amazon basin have global implications for the current and future climate. Here, the global atmospheric inversion system of the Monitoring of Atmospheric Composition and Climate (MACC) service is used to study the seasonal and interannual variations of biogenic CO<inf>2</inf> fluxes in Amazonia during the period 2002-2010. The system assimilated surface measurements of atmospheric CO<inf>2</inf> mole fractions made at more than 100 sites over the globe into an atmospheric transport model. The present study adds measurements from four surface stations located in tropical South America, a region poorly covered by CO<inf>2</inf> observations. The estimates of net ecosystem exchange (NEE) optimized by the inversion are compared to an independent estimate of NEE upscaled from eddy-covariance flux measurements in Amazonia. They are also qualitatively evaluated against reports on the seasonal and interannual variations of the land sink in South America from the scientific literature. We attempt at assessing the impact on NEE of the strong droughts in 2005 and 2010 (due to severe and longer-than-usual dry seasons) and the extreme rainfall conditions registered in 2009. The spatial variations of the seasonal and interannual variability of optimized NEE are also investigated. While the inversion supports the assumption of strong spatial heterogeneity of these variations, the results reveal critical limitations of the coarse-resolution transport model, the surface observation network in South America during the recent years and the present knowledge of modelling uncertainties in South America that prevent our inversion from capturing the seasonal patterns of fluxes across Amazonia. However, some patterns from the inversion seem consistent with the anomaly of moisture conditions in 2009. © Author(s) 2015. |
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NOAA, Earth System Research Laboratory, Global Monitoring Division, Boulder, CO, United States |
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Export Date: 27 August 2015 |
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615 |
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Dezerald, O.; Céréghino, R.; Corbara, B.; Dejean, A.; Leroy, C. |
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Functional trait responses of aquatic macroinvertebrates to simulated drought in a Neotropical bromeliad ecosystem |
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2015 |
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Freshwater Biology |
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Freshwater Biology |
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60 |
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9 |
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1917-1929 |
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Food webs; Precipitations; Rainforests; Resistance/resilience; Tipping point |
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The duration of the dry seasons in south-eastern Amazonia is expected to increase. Little is known of how freshwater assemblages respond to drought in the humid rainforests and of the extent to which they resist the absence of rainfall before the collapse of the system. We manipulated rainshelters over tank-forming bromeliads (i.e. the interlocking leaf axils of these plants form wells that collect rainwater) to simulate an exceptionally long dry period (49 days, compared with a 10-year mean ± SD annual maximum number of 17 ± 5.3 days without rainfall at the study site) and then a rewetting period. By sampling weekly over 3 months, we followed the dynamics of the representation of abundance-weighted traits in invertebrate assemblages in these treatment plants and in a control group. The functional structure of assemblages was drought resistant until the water volume in the bromeliad pools dropped by 90%, when there was a sudden shift in the functional trait structure due to the loss of most populations except the drought-resistant culicids. Traits related to life history, body size and preferred food showed significant responses to drought. There was a convergence in the functional traits of species surviving in dry plants, strengthening the idea that environmental filtering, rather than stochasticity, determines the functional trajectory of aquatic assemblages during drought. At the end of the dry period, samples of the detritus potentially containing drought-resistant eggs/cysts (and eventually live larvae) were taken from the dry plants and rewetted in the laboratory, allowing us to distinguish resistant species from those requiring recolonisation via subsequent oviposition by adults from elsewhere. Patches of water-filled bromeliads persisting in the area provided the most important pool of colonists, and communities returned to the pre-disturbance state within 1-2 weeks of rewetting. Our results suggest that the functional trait structure of invertebrate assemblages in bromeliads could remain stable under scenarios of precipitation change that would triple the duration of current dry periods at a local scale. Future experiments should evaluate how environmental factors might alter the tipping point between resistance to drought and a collapse in ecosystem processes. © 2015 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. |
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IRD, UMR AMAP (botAnique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des vegetations), Boulevard de la Lironde, TA A-51/PS2, Montpellier Cedex 5, France |
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Export Date: 27 August 2015 |
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616 |
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Aimene, Y.E.; Nairn, J.A. |
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Simulation of transverse wood compression using a large-deformation, hyperelastic–plastic material model |
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2015 |
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Wood Science and Technology |
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Wood Science and Technology |
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49 |
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1 |
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21-39 |
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Transverse compression of wood is a process that induces large deformations. The process is dominated by elastic and plastic cell wall buckling. This work reports a numerical study of the transverse compression and densification of wood using a large-deformation, elastic–plastic constitutive law. The model is isotropic, formulated within the framework of hyperelasticity, and implemented in explicit material point method (MPM) software. The model was first validated for modeling of cellular materials by compression of an isotropic cellular model specimen. Next, it was used to model compression of wood by first validating use of isotropic, transverse plane properties for tangential compression of hardwood, and then by investigating both tangential and radial compression of softwood. Importantly, the discretization of wood specimens used MPM methods to reproduce accurately the complex morphology of wood anatomy for different species. The simulations have reproduced observations of stress–strain response during wood compression including details of inhomogeneous deformation caused by variations in wood anatomy. © 2014, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. |
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Wood Science and Engineering Department, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States |
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Export Date: 27 August 2015 |
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Basset, Y.; Cizek, L.; Cuénoud, P.; Didham, R.K.; Guilhaumon, F.; Missa, O.; Novotny, V.; Ødegaard, F.; Roslin, T.; Schmidl, J.; Tishechkin, A.K.; Winchester, N.N.; Roubik, D.W.; Aberlenc, H.-P.; Bail, J.; Barrios, H.; Bridle, J.R.; Castaño-Meneses, G.; Corbara, B.; Curletti, G.; Da Rocha, W.D.; De Bakker, D.; Delabie, J.H.C.; Dejean, A.; Fagan, L.L.; Floren, A.; Kitching, R.L.; Medianero, E.; Miller, S.E.; De Oliveira, E.G.; Orivel, J.; Pollet, M.; Rapp, M.; Ribeiro, S.P.; Roisin, Y.; Schmidt, J.B.; Sørensen, L.; Leponce, M. |
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Arthropod diversity in a tropical forest |
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2012 |
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Science |
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338 |
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6113 |
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1481-1484 |
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Most eukaryotic organisms are arthropods. Yet, their diversity in rich terrestrial ecosystems is still unknown. Here we produce tangible estimates of the total species richness of arthropods in a tropical rainforest. Using a comprehensive range of structured protocols, we sampled the phylogenetic breadth of arthropod taxa from the soil to the forest canopy in the San Lorenzo forest, Panama. We collected 6144 arthropod species from 0.48 hectare and extrapolated total species richness to larger areas on the basis of competing models. The whole 6000-hectare forest reserve most likely sustains 25,000 arthropod species. Notably, just 1 hectare of rainforest yields >60% of the arthropod biodiversity held in the wider landscape. Models based on plant diversity fitted the accumulated species richness of both herbivore and nonherbivore taxa exceptionally well. This lends credence to global estimates of arthropod biodiversity developed from plant models. |
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Natural History Museum of Denmark, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark |
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Export Date: 27 December 2012; Source: Scopus |
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451 |
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Mathieu, A.; Letort, V.; Cournède, P.H.; Zhang, B.G.; Heuret, P.; De Reffye, P. |
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Oscillations in functional structural plant growth models |
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2012 |
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Mathematical Modelling of Natural Phenomena |
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7 |
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6 |
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47-66 |
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Cecropia trees; Cucumber plant; Dynamic system of plant growth; Functional-structural plant models; GreenLab |
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The dynamic model of plant growth GreenLab describes plant architecture and functional growth at the level of individual organs. Structural development is controlled by formal grammars and empirical equations compute the amount of biomass produced by the plant, and its partitioning among the growing organs, such as leaves, stems and fruits. The number of organs initiated at each time step depends on the trophic state of the plant, which is evaluated by the ratio of biomass available in plant to the demand of all the organs. The control of the plant organogenesis by this variable induces oscillations in the simulated plant behaviour. The mathematical framework of the GreenLab model allows to compute the conditions for the generation of oscillations and the value of the period according to the set of parameters. Two case-studies are presented, corresponding to emergence of oscillations associated to fructification and branching. Similar alternating patterns are commonly reported by botanists. In this article, two examples were selected: alternate patterns of fruits in cucumber plants and alternate appearances of branches in Cecropia trees. The model was calibrated from experimental data collected on these plants. It shows that a simple feedback hypothesis of trophic control on plant structure allows the emergence of cyclic patterns corresponding to the observed ones. © EDP Sciences, 2012. |
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CIRAD, UMR AMAP, Montpellier, France |
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Export Date: 27 December 2012; Source: Scopus |
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Odonne, G.; Houel, E.; Bourdy, G.; Stien, D. |
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Treating leishmaniasis in Amazonia: A review of ethnomedicinal concepts and pharmaco-chemical analysis of traditional treatments to inspire modern phytotherapies |
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2017 |
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Journal of Ethnopharmacology |
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Journal of Ethnopharmacology |
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199 |
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211-230 |
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Amazonia; Distribution indexes; Ethnomedecine; Interculturality; Leishmaniasis; Medicinal plants; Traditional medicine |
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Ethnopharmacological relevance Cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis are neglected tropical diseases that occur in all intertropical regions of the world. Amazonian populations have developed an abundant knowledge of the disease and its remedies. Therefore, we undertook to review traditional antileishmanial plants in Amazonia and have developed new tools to analyze this somewhat dispersed information. Material and methods A literature review of traditional remedies for cutaneous/mucocutaneous leishmaniasis in the Amazon was conducted and the data obtained was used to calculate distribution indexes designed to highlight the most relevant uses in Amazonia. The cultural distribution index represents the distribution rate of a given taxon among different cultural groups and was calculated as the ratio of the number of groups using the taxon to the total number of groups cited. The geographical distribution index allowed us to quantify spatial distribution of a taxon's uses in Amazonia and was calculated geometrically by measuring the average distance between the points where uses have been reported and the barycenter of those points. The general distribution index was defined as an arithmetic combination of the previous two and provides information on both cultural and spatial criteria. Results 475 use reports, concerning 291 botanical species belonging to 83 families have been gathered depicted from 29 sources. Uses concern 34 cultural groups. While the use of some taxa appears to be Pan-Amazonian, some others are clearly restricted to small geographical regions. Particular attention has been paid to the recipes and beliefs surrounding treatments. Topical application of the remedies dominated the other means of administration and this deserves particular attention as the main treatments against Neotropical leishmaniasis are painful systemic injections. The data set was analyzed using the previously defined distribution indexes and the most relevant taxa were further discussed from a phytochemical and pharmacological point of view. Conclusions The Amazonian biodiversity and cultural heritage host a fantastic amount of data whose systematic investigation should allow a better large-scale understanding of the dynamics of traditional therapies and the consequent discovery of therapeutic solutions for neglected diseases. Distribution indices are indeed powerful tools for emphasizing the most relevant treatments against a given disease and should be very useful in the meta-analysis of other regional pharmacopeia. This focus on renowned remedies that have not yet benefitted from extended laboratory studies, could stimulate future research on new treatments of natural origin for leishmaniasis. © 2017 Elsevier Ireland Ltd |
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Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biodiversité et Biotechnologies Microbiennes (LBBM), Observatoire Océanologique, Banyuls-sur-Mer, France |
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737 |
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Coq, S.; Weigel, J.; Bonal, D.; Hattenschwiler, S. |
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Litter mixture effects on tropical tree seedling growth – a greenhouse experiment |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2012 |
Publication |
Plant Biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Plant Biol. |
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Volume |
14 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
630-640 |
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Keywords |
Amazonian lowland rain forest; Autotoxicity; Belowground/aboveground interactions; Litter decomposition; Plant nutrition; Plant-soil feedback |
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Abstract |
Decomposing litter provides critical nutrients for plants, particularly in nutrient-poor ecosystems such as tropical forests. We hypothesised that decomposing litter improves the performance of a variety of tropical tree seedlings, and that this litter effect varies depending on the species of litter present in litter mixtures. We addressed these hypotheses with a large pot experiment manipulating a range of different litter mixtures of contrasting quality and using seedlings of four tree species from the Amazonian forest of French Guiana. In contrast to our initial hypothesis, decomposing litter had either neutral or negative impacts on seedling growth, despite strongly different growth rates, biomass allocation patterns and leaf and root traits among tree species. Tree species varied in their responses to litter additions, which were further modified by species identity of the added litter. Our data show litter species-specific effects on growth, biomass allocation and leaf and root traits of tropical tree seedlings. These results suggest that a net nutrient release from decomposing litter does not necessarily improve tree seedling growth, even under nutrient-limiting conditions. In conclusion, litter layer composition may affect seedling establishment and recruitment success beyond litter-derived plant nutrient availability, which may contribute to tree species composition and dynamics in the studied tropical forest. © 2012 German Botanical Society and The Royal Botanical Society of the Netherlands. |
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Address |
INRA, UMR, Écologie et Écophysiologie, Champenoux, France |
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ISSN |
14358603 (Issn) |
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Notes |
Export Date: 27 June 2012; Source: Scopus; Coden: Pbiof; doi: 10.1111/j.1438-8677.2011.00534.x; Language of Original Document: English; Correspondence Address: Coq, S.; Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA), CNRS, Université Joseph Fourier, BP 53, F-38042 Grenoble, Cedex 09, France; email: sylvain.coq@gmail.com |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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407 |
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