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Guitet, S.; Sabatier, D.; Brunaux, O.; Herault, B.; Aubry-Kientz, M.; Molino, J.-F.; Baraloto, C. |
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Estimating tropical tree diversity indices from forestry surveys: A method to integrate taxonomic uncertainty |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2014 |
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Forest Ecology and Management |
Abbreviated Journal |
For. Ecol. Manage. |
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328 |
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270-281 |
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Diversity; French guiana; Landscape scale; Monte-Carlo process; Rainforest; Tree community; Reliability; Surveys; Timber; Uncertainty analysis; Diversity; French Guiana; Landscape scale; Rainforest; Tree community; Forestry; estimation method; forest inventory; herbarium; landscape; numerical model; species diversity; taxonomy; uncertainty analysis; Forestry; Forests; Reliability; Surveys; French Guiana |
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Analyses of tree diversity and community composition in tropical rain forests are usually based either on general herbarium data or on a restricted number of botanical plots. Despite their high taxonomic accuracy, both types of data are difficult to extrapolate to landscape scales. Meanwhile, forestry surveys provide quantitative occurrence data on large areas, and are thus increasingly used for landscape-scale analyses of tree diversity. However, the reliability of these approaches has been challenged because of the ambiguity of the common (vernacular) names used by foresters and the complexity of tree taxonomy in those hyper-diverse communities.We developed and tested a novel approach to evaluate taxonomic reliability of forestry surveys and to propagate the resulting uncertainty in the estimates of several diversity indicators (alpha and beta entropy, Fisher-alpha and Sørensen similarity). Our approach is based on Monte-Carlo processes that simulate communities by taking into account the expected accuracy and reliability of common names. We tested this method in French Guiana, on 9 one-hectare plots (4279 trees – DBH. ≥. 10. cm) for which both common names and standardized taxonomic determinations were available. We then applied our method of community simulation on large forestry inventories (560. ha) at the landscape scale and compared the diversity indices obtained for 10 sites with those computed from precise botanical determination situated at the same localities.We found that taxonomic reliability of forestry inventories varied from 22% (species level) to 83% (family level) in this Amazonian region. Indices computed directly with raw forestry data resulted in incorrect values, except for Gini-Simpson beta-diversity. On the contrary, our correction method provides more accurate diversity estimates, highly correlated with botanical measurements, for almost all diversity indices at both regional and local scales. We obtained a robust ranking of sites consistent with those shown by botanical inventories.These results show that (i) forestry inventories represent a significant part of taxonomic information, (ii) the relative diversity of regional sites can be successfully ranked using forestry inventory data using our method and (iii) forestry inventories can valuably contribute to the detection of large-scale diversity patterns when biases are well-controlled and corrected.The tools we developed as R-functions are available in supplementary material and can be adapted with local parameters to be used for forest management and conservation issues in other regional contexts. © 2014 Elsevier B.V. |
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INRA, UMR EcoFoG, 97387 Kourou Cedex, French Guiana |
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Elsevier |
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03781127 (Issn) |
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Export Date: 30 July 2014; Coden: Fecmd; Correspondence Address: Guitet, S.; INRA, UMR Amap, TA A51/PS2, 34398 Montpellier Cedex 5, France; email: stephane.guitet@cirad.fr |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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552 |
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Touchard, A.; Labrière, N.; Roux, O.; Petitclerc, F.; Orivel, J.; Escoubas, P.; Koh, J.M.S.; Nicholson, G.M.; Dejean, A. |
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Title |
Venom toxicity and composition in three Pseudomyrmex ant species having different nesting modes |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2014 |
Publication |
Toxicon |
Abbreviated Journal |
Toxicon |
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88 |
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67-76 |
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Ant venoms; Ants; Arboreal and ground-nesting ants; Evolution; Peptides; Pseudomyrmex; ant venom; acute toxicity; animal experiment; ant; article; biochemical composition; controlled study; disulfide bond; high performance liquid chromatography; lethality; matrix assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry; molecular weight; myrmecophyte; nesting; nonhuman; predator prey interaction; priority journal; Pseudomyrmex gracilis; Pseudomyrmex penetrator; Pseudomyrmex termitarius; species diversity; toxin analysis |
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We aimed to determine whether the nesting habits of ants have influenced their venom toxicity and composition. We focused on the genus Pseudomyrmex (Pseudomyrmecinae) comprising terrestrial and arboreal species, and, among the latter, plant-ants that are obligate inhabitants of myrmecophytes (i.e., plants sheltering ants in hollow structures). Contrary to our hypothesis, the venom of the ground-dwelling species, Pseudomyrmex termitarius, was as efficacious in paralyzing prey as the venoms of the arboreal and the plant-ant species, Pseudomyrmexpenetrator and Pseudomyrmexgracilis. The lethal potency of P. termitarius venom was equipotent with that of P. gracilis whereas the venom of P. penetrator was less potent. The MALDI-TOF MS analysis of each HPLC fraction of the venoms showed that P. termitarius venom is composed of 87 linear peptides, while both P. gracilis and P. penetrator venoms (23 and 26 peptides, respectively) possess peptides with disulfide bonds. Furthermore, P. penetrator venom contains three hetero- and homodimeric peptides consisting of two short peptidic chains linked together by two interchain disulfide bonds. The large number of peptides in P. termitarius venom is likely related to the large diversity of potential prey plus the antibacterial peptides required for nesting in the ground. Whereas predation involves only the prey and predator, P. penetrator venom has evolved in an environment where trees, defoliating insects, browsing mammals and ants live in equilibrium, likely explaining the diversity of the peptide structures. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. |
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Laboratoire Écologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, France |
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Elsevier Ltd |
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18793150 (Issn) |
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Export Date: 30 July 2014; Coden: Toxia; Correspondence Address: Labrière, N.; CNRS, UMR Ecologie des Forêts de Guyane (EcoFoG), Campus Agronomique, BP 316, 97379 Kourou cedex, France |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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553 |
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Khia, A.; Ghanmi, M.; Satrani, B.; Aafi, A.; Aberchane, M.; Quaboul, B.; Chaouch, A.; Amusant, N.; Charrouf, Z. |
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Effect of provenance on the chemical and microbiological quality of essential oils of Rosmarinus officinalis L. in Morocco |
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Journal Article |
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2014 |
Publication |
Phytotherapie |
Abbreviated Journal |
Phytotherapie |
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12 |
Issue |
6 |
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341-347 |
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Antibacterial; Antifungal activity; Chemical composition; Essential Oil; Provenance; Rosmarinus officinalis |
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This study is an assessment of the chemical quality and evaluation of antibacterial and antifungal activity of rosemary’s essential oils from three regions of Morocco (Rchida and Berkine/Eastern Morocco and Aknoul/North East of Morocco. The essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation of the leaves and young twigs of rosemary, were analyzed by GC / FID and GC/ MS. These essential oils are characterized by the presence of α and β-pinene, camphene, 1,8-cineole and camphor compounds. The quality of these essential oils met the AFNOR NF ISO 4730 rosemary Morocco kind (1,8-cineole). The evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of essential oils of Rosmarinus officinalis showed low efficacy against microorganisms tested which were all inhibited from 1/100 v/v except for Penicillium expansum whose growth was stopped at the concentration 1/250 v/v. |
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Département d’Environnement et Sociétés, UMR EcoFoG, CIRAD, BP 732Kourou cedex, French Guiana |
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Export Date: 31 December 2014 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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574 |
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Touchard, A.; Dauvois, M.; Arguel, M.-J.; Petitclerc, F.; Leblanc, M.; Dejean, A.; Orivel, J.; Nicholson, G.M.; Escoubas, P. |
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Elucidation of the unexplored biodiversity of ant venom peptidomes via MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry and its application for chemotaxonomy |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2014 |
Publication |
Journal of Proteomics |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Proteomics |
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105 |
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217-231 |
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Ant venom; Chemotaxonomy; Maldi-Tof Ms; Peptide; Peptidome; Ponerinae; ant venom; cytochrome c oxidase; ant; article; biodiversity; chemotaxonomy; correlational study; DNA sequence; French Guiana; Hymenoptera; matrix assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry; mitochondrial gene; nonhuman; Odontomachus biumbonatus; Odontomachus haematodus; Odontomachus hastatus; Odontomachus mayi; Odontomachus scalptus; Pachcondyla apicalis; Pachcondyla arhuaca; Pachcondyla commutata; Pachcondyla constricta; Pachcondyla crassinola; Pachcondyla goeldii; Pachcondyla inversa; Pachcondyla marginata; Pachcondyla procidua; Pachcondyla stigma; Pachcondyla verenae; Pachcondyla villosa; peptidomics; phylogeny; priority journal; Animalia; Formicidae; Hymenoptera; Odontomachus; Pachycondyla; Pachycondyla apicalis; Pachycondyla stigma; Ponerinae |
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The rise of integrative taxonomy, a multi-criteria approach used in characterizing species, fosters the development of new tools facilitating species delimitation. Mass spectrometric (MS) analysis of venom peptides from venomous animals has previously been demonstrated to be a valid method for identifying species. Here we aimed to develop a rapid chemotaxonomic tool for identifying ants based on venom peptide mass fingerprinting. The study focused on the biodiversity of ponerine ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Ponerinae) in French Guiana. Initial experiments optimized the use of automated matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) to determine variations in the mass profiles of ant venoms using several MALDI matrices and additives. Data were then analyzed via a hierarchical cluster analysis to classify the venoms of 17 ant species. In addition, phylogenetic relationships were assessed and were highly correlated with methods using DNA sequencing of the mitochondrial gene cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1. By combining a molecular genetics approach with this chemotaxonomic approach, we were able to improve the accuracy of the taxonomic findings to reveal cryptic ant species within species complexes. This chemotaxonomic tool can therefore contribute to more rapid species identification and more accurate taxonomies. Biological significance: This is the first extensive study concerning the peptide analysis of the venom of both Pachycondyla and Odontomachus ants. We studied the venoms of 17 ant species from French Guiana that permitted us to fine-tune the venom analysis of ponerine ants via MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. We explored the peptidomes of crude ant venom and demonstrated that venom peptides can be used in the identification of ant species. In addition, the application of this novel chemotaxonomic method combined with a parallel genetic approach using COI sequencing permitted us to reveal the presence of cryptic ants within both the Pachycondyla apicalis and Pachycondyla stigma species complexes. This adds a new dimension to the search for means of exploiting the enormous biodiversity of venomous ants as a source for novel therapeutic drugs or biopesticides. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Proteomics of non-model organisms. © 2014 Elsevier B.V. |
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Neurotoxin Research Group, School of Medical and Molecular Biosciences, University of Technology, Sydney, NSW, Australia |
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Elsevier |
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18767737 (Issn) |
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Cited By (since 1996):1; Export Date: 30 July 2014; Correspondence Address: Touchard, A.; UMR-EcoFoG, Campus Agronomique, BP 316, 97379 Kourou Cedex, France; email: axel.touchard@ecofog.gf; Chemicals/CAS: cytochrome c oxidase, 72841-18-0, 9001-16-5 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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555 |
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Wagner, F.; Rossi, V.; Baraloto, C.; Bonal, D.; Stahl, C.; Herault, B. |
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Are commonly measured functional traits involved in tropical tree responses to climate? |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2014 |
Publication |
International Journal of Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Int. J. Ecol. |
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2014 |
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389409 |
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Climate models predict significant rainfall reduction in Amazonia, reducing water availability for trees. We present how functional traits modulate the tree growth response to climate. We used data from 3 years of bimestrial growth measurements for 204 trees of 53 species in the forest of Paracou, French Guiana. We integrated climate variables from an eddy covariance tower and functional trait values describing life history, leaf, and stem economics. Our results indicated that the measured functional traits are to some extent linked to the response of trees to climate but they are poor predictors of the tree climate-induced growth variation. Tree growth was affected by water availability for most of the species with different species growth strategies in drought conditions. These strategies were linked to some functional traits, especially maximum height and wood density. These results suggest that (i) trees seem adapted to the dry season at Paracou but they show different growth responses to drought, (ii) drought response is linked to growth strategy and is partly explained by functional traits, and (iii) the limited part of the variation of tree growth explained by functional traits may be a strong limiting factor for the prediction of tree growth response to climate. © 2014 Fabien Wagner et al. |
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CIRAD, UMR Systèmes d'Elevage en Milieux Méditerranéens et Tropicaux, 97379 Kourou, France |
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Hindawi Publishing Corporation |
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16879716 (Issn) |
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Export Date: 30 July 2014; Correspondence Address: Wagner, F.; Remote Sensing Division, National Institute for Space Research (INPE), 12227-010 São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil; email: wagner.h.fabien@gmail.com |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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556 |
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Hénaut, Y.; Corbara, B.; Pélozuelo, L.; Azémar, F.; Céréghino, R.; Herault, B.; Dejean, A. |
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A tank bromeliad favors spider presence in a neotropical inundated forest |
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Journal Article |
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2014 |
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PLoS ONE |
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PLoS ONE |
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9 |
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12 |
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e114592 |
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Tank bromeliads are good models for understanding how climate change may affect biotic associations. We studied the relationships between spiders, the epiphytic tank bromeliad, Aechmea bracteata, and its associated ants in an inundated forest in Quintana Roo, Mexico, during a drought period while, exceptionally, this forest was dry and then during the flooding that followed. We compared spider abundance and diversity between “Aechmea-areas” and “control areas” of the same surface area. We recorded six spider families: the Dipluridae, Ctenidae, Salticidae, Araneidae, Tetragnathidae and Linyphiidae among which the funnel-web tarantula, Ischnothele caudata, the only Dipluridae noted, was the most abundant. During the drought period, the spiders were more numerous in the Aechmea areas than in the control areas, but they were not obligatorily associated with the Aechmea.
During the subsequent flooding, the spiders were concentrated in the A. bracteata patches, particularly those sheltering an ant colony. Also, a kind of specificity existed between certain spider taxa and ant species, but varied between the drought period and subsequent flooding. We conclude that climatic events modulate the relationship between A. bracteata patches and their associated fauna. Tank bromeliads, previously considered only for their ecological importance in supplying food and water during drought, may also be considered refuges for spiders during flooding. More generally, tank bromeliads have an important role in preserving non-specialized fauna in inundated forests. |
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Ecologie des Forêts de Guyane, Campus AgronomiqueKourou, France |
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Export Date: 23 December 2014 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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573 |
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Turcotte, M.M.; Thomsen, C.J.M.; Broadhead, G.T.; Fine, P.V.A.; Godfrey, R.M.; Lamarre, G.P.A.; Meyer, S.T.; Richards, L.A.; Johnson, M.T.J. |
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Percentage leaf herbivory across vascular plant species |
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Journal Article |
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2014 |
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Ecology |
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Ecology |
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95 |
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3 |
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788-788 |
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Herbivory is viewed as a major driver of plant evolution and the most important energy pathway from plants to higher trophic levels. Therefore, understanding patterns of herbivory on plants remains a key focus in evolution and ecology. The evolutionary impacts of leaf herbivory include altering plant fitness, local adaptation, the evolution of defenses, and the diversification of plants as well as natural enemies. Leaf herbivory also impacts ecological processes such as plant productivity, community composition, and ecosystem nutrient cycling. Understanding the impact of herbivory on these ecological and evolutionary processes requires species-specific, as opposed to community-level, measures of herbivory. In addition, species-specific data enables the use of modern comparative methods to account for phylogenetic non-independence. Although hundreds of studies have measured natural rates of leaf consumption, we are unaware of any accessible compilation of these data. We created such a data set to provide the raw data needed to test general hypotheses relating to plant?herbivore interactions and to test the influence of biotic and abiotic factors on herbivory rates across large spatial scales. A large repository will make this endeavor more efficient and robust. In total, we compiled 2641 population-level measures for either annual or daily rates of leaf herbivory across 1145 species of vascular plants collected from 189 studies. All damage measures represent natural occurrences of herbivory that span numerous angiosperm, gymnosperm, and fern species. To enable researchers to explore the causes of variation in herbivory and how these might interact, we added information about the study sites including: geolocation, climate classification, habitat descriptions (e.g., seashore, grassland, forest, agricultural fields), and plant trait information concerning growth form and duration (e.g., annual vs. perennial). We also included extensive details of the methodology used to measure leaf damage, including seasons and months of sampling, age of leaves, and the method used to estimate percentage area missing. We anticipate that these data will make it possible to test important hypotheses in the plant?herbivore literature, including the plant apparency hypothesis, the latitudinal-herbivory defense hypothesis, the resource availability hypothesis, and the macroevolutionary escalation of defense hypothesis. |
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Ecological Society of America |
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0012-9658 |
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doi: 10.1890/13-1741.1 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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575 |
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Dejean, A.; Azémar, F.; Roux, O. |
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An invasive ant species able to counterattack marabunta raids |
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Journal Article |
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2014 |
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Comptes Rendus Biologies |
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C. R. Biol. |
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337 |
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7-8 |
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475-479 |
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Antipredation; Army ants; Colony mate recognition; Eciton; Pheidole; aggression; ant; article; bioassay; Eciton burchellii; Eciton hamatum; emulsion; insect society; mass fragmentography; Neotropics; nonhuman; Pheidole megacephala |
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In the Neotropics where it was introduced, the invasive ant Pheidole megacephala counterattacked raids by the army ants Eciton burchellii or E. hamatum. The Eciton workers that returned to their bivouac were attacked and spread-eagled and most of them killed by their outgoing colony mates. Little by little the zone where returning and outgoing Eciton workers encountered one another moved away from the Pheidole nest which was no longer attacked, so that most of the colony was spared. Using a water-based technique rounded out by bioassays, we show that Pheidole compounds were transferred onto the Eciton cuticle during the counterattacks, so that outgoing workers do not recognize returning colony mates, likely perceived as potential prey. Because P. megacephala is an introduced African species, this kind of protection, which cannot be the result of coevolutive processes, corresponds to a kind of by-product due to its aggressiveness during colony defence. © 2014 Académie des sciences. |
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IRD, MIVEGEC (IRD 224 CNRS 5290-UM1-UM2) Équipe BEES, 911, avenue Agropolis, 34394 Montpellier cedex 5, France |
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Elsevier Masson SAS |
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17683238 (Issn) |
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Export Date: 1 September 2014; Coden: Crboc; Correspondence Address: Dejean, A.; CNRS UMR 8172, Écologie des Forêts de Guyane, BP 316, 97379 Kourou cedex, France; email: alain.dejean@wanadoo.fr |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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557 |
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Leguet, A.; Gibernau, M.; Shintu, L.; Caldarelli, S.; Moja, S.; Baudino, S.; Caissard, J.-C. |
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Evidence for early intracellular accumulation of volatile compounds during spadix development in Arum italicum L. and preliminary data on some tropical Aroids |
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Journal Article |
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2014 |
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Naturwissenschaften |
Abbreviated Journal |
Naturwissenschaften |
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101 |
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8 |
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623-635 |
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Araceae; Cytochemistry; Gas chromatography; Nuclear magnetic resonance; Volatile compounds |
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Staining and histochemistry of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were performed at different inflorescence developmental stages on nine aroid species; one temperate, Arum italicum and eight tropical from the genera Caladium, Dieffenbachia and Philodendron. Moreover, a qualitative and quantitative analysis of VOCs constituting the scent of A. italicum, depending on the stage of development of inflorescences was also conducted. In all nine species, vesicles were observed in the conical cells of either the appendix or the stamens (thecae) and the staminodes. VOCs were localised in intracellular vesicles from the early stages of inflorescence development until their release during receptivity of gynoecium. This localisation was observed by the increase of both number and diameter of the vesicles during 1 week before receptivity. Afterwards, vesicles were fewer and smaller but rarely absent. In A. italicum, staining and gas chromatography analyses confirmed that the vesicles contained terpenes. The quantitatively most important ones were the sesquiterpenes, but monoterpenes were not negligible. Indeed, the quantities of terpenes matched the vesicles' size evolution during 1 week. Furthermore, VOCs from different biosynthetic pathways (sesquiterpenes and alkanes) were at their maximum quantity 2 days before gynoecium receptivity (sesquiterpenes and alkanes) or during receptivity (isobutylamine, monoterpenes, skatole and p-cresol). VOCs seemed to be emitted during gynoecium receptivity and/or during thermogenesis, and FADs are accumulated after thermogenesis in the spadix. These complex dynamics of the different VOCs could indicate specialisation of some VOCs and cell machinery to attract pollinators on the one hand and to repulse/protect against phytophagous organisms and pathogens after pollination on the other hand. © 2014 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. |
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CNRS, UMR-6134 SPE, 20000 Ajaccio, France |
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Springer Verlag |
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00281042 (Issn) |
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Export Date: 1 September 2014; Coden: Natwa; Correspondence Address: Gibernau, M.; CNRS, UMR-6134 SPE, 20000 Ajaccio, France; email: gibernau@univ-corse.fr |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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558 |
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Malé, P.-J.G.; Bardon, L.; Besnard, G.; Coissac, E.; Delsuc, F.; Engel, J.; Lhuillier, E.; Scotti-Saintagne, C.; Tinaut, A.; Chave, J. |
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Genome skimming by shotgun sequencing helps resolve the phylogeny of a pantropical tree family |
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2014 |
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Molecular Ecology Resources |
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Mol. Ecol. Resour. |
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14 |
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5 |
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966-975 |
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Next-generation sequencing; Organellar genome; Phylogenomics; Tropical trees |
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Whole genome sequencing is helping generate robust phylogenetic hypotheses for a range of taxonomic groups that were previously recalcitrant to classical molecular phylogenetic approaches. As a case study, we performed a shallow shotgun sequencing of eight species in the tropical tree family Chrysobalanaceae to retrieve large fragments of high-copy number DNA regions and test the potential of these regions for phylogeny reconstruction. We were able to assemble the nuclear ribosomal cluster (nrDNA), the complete plastid genome (ptDNA) and a large fraction of the mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) with approximately 1000×, 450× and 120× sequencing depth respectively. The phylogenetic tree obtained with ptDNA resolved five of the seven internal nodes. In contrast, the tree obtained with mtDNA and nrDNA data were largely unresolved. This study demonstrates that genome skimming is a cost-effective approach and shows potential in plant molecular systematics within Chrysobalanaceae and other under-studied groups. © 2014 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. |
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GeT-PlaGe, Genotoul, INRA Auzeville, Castanet-Tolosan, F-31326, France |
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Blackwell Publishing Ltd |
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17550998 (Issn) |
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Export Date: 1 September 2014; Correspondence Address: Malé, P.-J.G.; UMR 5174 Laboratoire Évolution and Diversité Biologique, CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier, ENFA, 118 route de Narbonne, Toulouse, F-31062, France; email: pjg.male@gmail.com |
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