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Author Wagner, F.; Rossi, V.; Stahl, C.; Bonal, D.; Herault, B. pdf  url
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  Title Asynchronism in leaf and wood production in tropical forests: A study combining satellite and ground-based measurements Type Journal Article
  Year 2013 Publication Biogeosciences Abbreviated Journal Biogeosciences  
  Volume 10 Issue 11 Pages 7307-7321  
  Keywords  
  Abstract The fixation of carbon in tropical forests mainly occurs through the production of wood and leaves, both being the principal components of net primary production. Currently field and satellite observations are independently used to describe the forest carbon cycle, but the link between satellite-derived forest phenology and field-derived forest productivity remains opaque. We used a unique combination of a MODIS enhanced vegetation index (EVI) dataset, a wood production model based on climate data and direct litterfall observations at an intra-annual timescale in order to question the synchronism of leaf and wood production in tropical forests. Even though leaf and wood biomass fluxes had the same range (respectively 2.4 ± 1.4 and 2.2 ± 0.4 Mg C ha-1 yr-1), they occurred separately in time. EVI increased with leaf renewal at the beginning of the dry season, when solar irradiance was at its maximum. At this time, wood production stopped. At the onset of the rainy season, when new leaves were fully mature and water available again, wood production quickly increased to reach its maximum in less than a month, reflecting a change in carbon allocation from short-lived pools (leaves) to long-lived pools (wood). The time lag between peaks of EVI and wood production (109 days) revealed a substantial decoupling between the leaf renewal assumed to be driven by irradiance and the water-driven wood production. Our work is a first attempt to link EVI data, wood production and leaf phenology at a seasonal timescale in a tropical evergreen rainforest and pave the way to develop more sophisticated global carbon cycle models in tropical forests. © 2013 Author(s).  
  Address INRA, UMR EEF 1137, 54280 Champenoux, France  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
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  ISSN 17264170 (Issn) ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
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Author Fournier, M.; Dlouhá, J.; Jaouen, G.; Almeras, T. url  openurl
  Title Integrative biomechanics for tree ecology: Beyond wood density and strength Type Journal Article
  Year 2013 Publication Journal of Experimental Botany Abbreviated Journal J. Exp. Bot.  
  Volume 64 Issue 15 Pages 4793-4815  
  Keywords Biomechanics; Ecological strategy; Gravitropism; Shape; Size; Trees; Wood  
  Abstract Functional ecology has long considered the support function as important, but its biomechanical complexity is only just being elucidated. We show here that it can be described on the basis of four biomechanical traits, two safety traits against winds and self-buckling, and two motricity traits involved in sustaining an upright position, tropic motion velocity (MV) and posture control (PC). All these traits are integrated at the tree scale, combining tree size and shape together with wood properties. The assumption of trait constancy has been used to derive allometric scaling laws, but it was more recently found that observing their variations among environments and functional groups, or during ontogeny, provides more insights into adaptive syndromes of tree shape and wood properties. However, oversimpli-fed expressions have often been used, possibly concealing key adaptive drivers. An extreme case of oversimplification is the use of wood basic density as a proxy for safety. Actually, as wood density is involved in stiffiness, loads, and construction costs, the impact of its variations on safety is non-trivial. Moreover, other wood features, especially the microfibril angle (MFA), are also involved. Furthermore, wood is not only stiff and strong, but it also acts as a motor for MV and PC. The relevant wood trait for this is maturation strain asymmetry. Maturation strains vary with cell-wall characteristics such as MFA, rather than with wood density. Finally, the need for further studies about the ecological relevance of branching patterns, motricity traits, and growth responses to mechanical loads is discussed. © The Author 2013.  
  Address CNRS, Université de Montpellier 2, Laboratoire de Mécanique et Génie Civil, 34095 Montpellier, France  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
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  ISSN 00220957 (Issn) ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
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Author Stahl, C.; Herault, B.; Rossi, V.; Burban, B.; Bréchet, C.; Bonal, D. url  openurl
  Title Depth of soil water uptake by tropical rainforest trees during dry periods: Does tree dimension matter? Type Journal Article
  Year 2013 Publication Oecologia Abbreviated Journal Oecologia  
  Volume 173 Issue 4 Pages 1191-1201  
  Keywords Deuterium; Oxygen; Root; Soil water; Tropical rainforest  
  Abstract Though the root biomass of tropical rainforest trees is concentrated in the upper soil layers, soil water uptake by deep roots has been shown to contribute to tree transpiration. A precise evaluation of the relationship between tree dimensions and depth of water uptake would be useful in tree-based modelling approaches designed to anticipate the response of tropical rainforest ecosystems to future changes in environmental conditions. We used an innovative dual-isotope labelling approach (deuterium in surface soil and oxygen at 120-cm depth) coupled with a modelling approach to investigate the role of tree dimensions in soil water uptake in a tropical rainforest exposed to seasonal drought. We studied 65 trees of varying diameter and height and with a wide range of predawn leaf water potential (Ψpd) values. We confirmed that about half of the studied trees relied on soil water below 100-cm depth during dry periods. Ψpd was negatively correlated with depth of water extraction and can be taken as a rough proxy of this depth. Some trees showed considerable plasticity in their depth of water uptake, exhibiting an efficient adaptive strategy for water and nutrient resource acquisition. We did not find a strong relationship between tree dimensions and depth of water uptake. While tall trees preferentially extract water from layers below 100-cm depth, shorter trees show broad variations in mean depth of water uptake. This precludes the use of tree dimensions to parameterize functional models. © 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.  
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  Notes Export Date: 6 December 2013; Source: Scopus; Coden: Oecob; doi: 10.1007/s00442-013-2724-6; Language of Original Document: English; Correspondence Address: Bonal, D.; INRA, UMR EEF 1137, 54280 Champenoux, France; email: bonal@nancy.inra.fr; References: Améglio, T., Archer, P., Cohen, M., Valancogne, C., Daudet, F.A., Dayau, S., Cruiziat, P., Significance and limits in the use of predawn leaf water potential for tree irrigation (1999) Plant Soil, 207, pp. 155-167; Baraloto, C., Morneau, F., Bonal, D., Blanc, L., Ferry, B., Seasonal water stress tolerance and habitat associations within four Neotropical tree genera (2007) Ecology, 88, pp. 478-489; Bonal, D., Barigah, T.S., Granier, A., Guehl, J.-M., Late-stage canopy tree species with extremely low delta C-13 and high stomatal sensitivity to seasonal soil drought in the tropical rainforest of French Guiana (2000) Plant Cell Environ, 23, pp. 445-459; Bonal, D., Atger, C., Barigah, T.S., Ferhi, A., Guehl, J.-M., Ferry, B., Water acquisition patterns of two wet tropical canopy tree species of French Guiana as inferred from H218O extraction profiles (2000) Ann For Sci, 57, pp. 717-724; Bonal, D., Bosc, A., Ponton, S., Goret, J.-Y., Burban, B., Gross, P., Bonnefond, J.-M., Granier, A., Impact of severe dry season on net ecosystem exchange in the Neotropical rainforest of French Guiana (2008) Glob Chang Biol, 14, pp. 1917-1933; Cao, K.F., Water relations and gas exchange of tropical saplings during a prolonged drought in a Bornean heath forest, with reference to root architecture (2000) J Trop Ecol, 16, pp. 101-116; Carvalheiro, K.O., Nepstad, D.C., Deep soil heterogeneity and fine root distribution in forests and pastures of eastern Amazonia (1996) Plant Soil, 182, pp. 279-285; Chmura, D.J., Anderson, P.D., Howe, G.T., Harrington, C.A., Halofsky, J.E., Peterson, D.L., Shaw, D.C., Brad St Claire, J., Forest responses to climate change in the northwestern United States: ecophysiological foundations for adaptive management (2011) For Ecol Manage, 261, pp. 1121-1142; da Rocha, H.R., Goulden, M.L., Miller, S.D., Menton, M.C., Pinto, L.D.V.O., de Freitas, H.C., e Silva Figueira, A.M., Seasonality of water and heat fluxes over a tropical forest in eastern Amazonia (2004) Ecol Appl, 14, pp. 22-32; Davidson, E., Lefebvre, P.A., Brando, P.M., Ray, D.M., Trumbore, S.E., Solorzano, L.A., Ferreira, J.N., Nepstad, D.C., Carbon inputs and water uptake in deep soils of an eastern Amazon forest (2011) For Sci, 57, pp. 51-58; Engelbrecht, B.M.J., Kursar, T.A., Comparative drought-resistance of seedlings of 28 species of co-occurring tropical woody plants (2003) Oecologia, 136, pp. 383-393; Engelbrecht, B.M.J., Wright, S.J., De Steven, D., Survival and ecophysiology of tree seedlings during El Nino drought in a tropical moist forest in Panama (2002) J Trop Ecol, 18, pp. 569-579; Fisher, R.A., Williams, M., Do Vale, R.L., Da Costa, A.L., Meir, P., Evidence from Amazonian forests is consistent with isohydric control of leaf water potential (2006) Plant Cell Environ, 29, pp. 151-165; Goulden, M.L., Miller, S.D., da Rocha, H.R., Menton, M.C., De Freitas, H.C., Silva Figueira, A.M.E., De Sousa, C.A.D., Diel and seasonal patterns of tropical forest CO2 exchange (2004) Ecol Appl, 14, pp. 42-54; Gourlet-Fleury, S., Ferry, B., Molino, J.F., Petronelli, P., Schmitt, L., Experimental plots: key features (2004) Ecology and management of a Neotropical Rainforest, pp. 3-60. , In: Gourlet-Fleury S, Guehl JM, Laroussinie O (eds) Lessons drawn from Paracou, a long-term experimental research site in French Guiana. 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Wang, G., Alo, C., Mei, R., Sun, S., Droughts, hydraulic redistribution, and their impact on vegetation composition in the Amazon forest (2011) Plant Ecol, 212, pp. 663-673; Williams, M., Malhi, Y., Nobre, A.D., Rastetter, E.B., Grace, J., Pereira, M.G.P., Seasonal variation in net carbon exchange and evapotranspiration in a Brazilian rainforest: a modelling analysis (1998) Plant Cell Environ, 21, pp. 953-968; Yavitt, J.B., Wright, S.J., Drought and irrigation effects on fine root dynamics in a tropical moist forest, Panama (2001) Biotropica, 33, pp. 421-434; Zapater, M., Hossann, C., Bréda, N., Bréchet, C., Bonal, D., Granier, A., Evidence of hydraulic lift in a young beech and oak mixed forest using 18O soil water labelling (2011) Trees Struct Funct, 25, pp. 885-894; Zhang, Y., Tan, Z., Song, Q., Yu, G., Sun, X., Respiration controls the unexpected seasonal pattern of carbon flux in an Asian tropical rain forest (2010) Atmos Environ, 44, pp. 3886-3893 Approved (up) no  
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Author Casella, T.M.; Eparvier, V.; Mandavid, H.; Bendelac, A.; Odonne, G.; Dayan, L.; Duplais, C.; Espindola, L.S.; Stien, D. url  openurl
  Title Antimicrobial and cytotoxic secondary metabolites from tropical leaf endophytes: Isolation of antibacterial agent pyrrocidine C from Lewia infectoria SNB-GTC2402 Type Journal Article
  Year 2013 Publication Phytochemistry Abbreviated Journal Phytochemistry  
  Volume 96 Issue Pages 370-377  
  Keywords Antimicrobials; Cytotoxic metabolites; Functional chemodiversity; Leaf endophytes; Lewia; Pyrrocidine C  
  Abstract Because of the symbiotic nature of endophytes, this survey aims to investigate the probability of discovering antibacterial, antifungal and cytotoxic activities in leaf endophytic microbes. We isolated 138 cultivable microbes (121 fungi, 3 bacteria and 14 unidentified or unknown microbes) from 24 plant species, a significant relative proportion of which exhibited antifungal and cytotoxic potential against Candida albicans ATCC 10213 and the human cell lines KB (uterine cervical carcinoma), MDA-MB-435 (melanoma), and MRC5 (normal human lung fibroblasts). Three active fungal extracts were fractionated, resulting in the isolation of eight compounds. Seven had been described in the literature including the following: acremonisol A, semicochliodinol A, cochliodinol, griseofulvin, pyrenocin A, novae zelandin A and alterperylenol. A previously unreported compound named pyrrocidine C was isolated from Lewia infectoria SNB-GTC2402 and identified by spectroscopic analysis. As in pyrrocidines A and B, this compound is a cis-substituted decahydrofluorene with a quaternary carbon at C-5 and opposite stereochemistry at C-8 corresponding to C-6 of pyrrocidines A and B.© 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.  
  Address CNRS Guyane, USR 3456, 2 Avenue Gustave Charlery, 97300 Cayenne, France  
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  ISSN 00319422 (Issn) ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Export Date: 6 December 2013; Source: Scopus; Coden: Pytca; doi: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2013.10.004; Language of Original Document: English; Correspondence Address: Espindola, L.S.; Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil; email: darvenne@unb.br; References: Arnold, A.E., Mejia, L.C., Kyllo, D., Rojas, E.I., Maynard, Z., Robbins, N., Herre, E.A., Fungal endophytes limit pathogen damage in a tropical tree (2003) Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 100 (26), pp. 15649-15654. , DOI 10.1073/pnas.2533483100; Asahina, A., Tada, Y., Nakamura, K., Tamaki, K., Colchicine and griseofulvin inhibit VCAM-1 expression on human vascular endothelial cells – Evidence for the association of VCAM-1 expression with microtubules (2001) Journal of Dermatological Science, 25 (1), pp. 1-9. , DOI 10.1016/S0923-1811(00)00097-9, PII S0923181100000979; Bacon, C.W., White, J.F., (2000) Microbial Endophytes, , Marcel Dekker Inc. 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(2004) Mycological Research, 108 (6), pp. 662-671. , DOI 10.1017/S0953756204000243; White, T.J., Bruns, T., Lee, S., Taylor, J., Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics (1990) PCR Protocols. A Guide to Methods and Applications, pp. 315-322. , M.A. Innis, D.H. Gelfand, J.J. Shinsky, T.J. White, Academic Press San Diego; Zhang, Z., Schwartz, S., Wagner, L., Miller, W., A greedy algorithm for aligning DNA sequences (2000) Journal of Computational Biology, 7 (1-2), pp. 203-214. , DOI 10.1089/10665270050081478; Zhang, X.X., Li, C.J., Nan, Z.B., Matthew, C., Neotyphodium endophyte increases Achnatherum inebrians (drunken horse grass) resistance to herbivores and seed predators (2011) Weed Res., 52, pp. 70-78 Approved (up) no  
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Author Mony, R.; Dejean, A.; Bilong, C.F.B.; Kenne, M.; Rouland-Lefèvre, C. url  openurl
  Title Melissotarsus ants are likely able to digest plant polysaccharides Type Journal Article
  Year 2013 Publication Comptes Rendus – Biologies Abbreviated Journal C. R. Biol.  
  Volume 336 Issue 10 Pages 500-504  
  Keywords Ant-plant interactions; Degradation of plant material; Enzymatic activity; Melissotarsus ants  
  Abstract Melissotarsus ants have an extremely specialized set of behaviours. Both workers and gynes tunnel galleries in their host tree bark. Workers walk with their mesothoracic legs pointing upwards and tend Diaspididae hemiptera for their flesh. The ants use their forelegs to plug the galleries with silk that they secrete themselves. We hypothesised that the ants' energetic needs for nearly constant gallery digging could be satisfied through the absorption of host tree tissues; so, using basic techniques, we examined the digestive capacities of workers from two species. We show that workers are able to degrade oligosaccharides and heterosides as well as, to a lesser degree, polysaccharides. This is one of the rare reports on ants able to digest plant polysaccharides other than starch. © 2013 Académie des sciences.  
  Address IRD, UMR BIOEMCO-IBIOS, 32, rue Henri-Varagnat, 93143 Bondy cedex, France  
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  Notes Export Date: 6 December 2013; Source: Scopus; Coden: Crboc; doi: 10.1016/j.crvi.2013.08.003; Language of Original Document: English; Correspondence Address: Dejean, A.; Université de Toulouse, UPS, Ecolab, 118, route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, France; email: alain.dejean@wanadoo.fr; References: Hölldobler, B., Wilson, E.O., (1990) The Ants, , Harvard University Press Cambridge, MA, USA 730 p; Duchesne, L.C., Larson, D.W., Cellulose and the evolution of plant life (1989) BioScience, 39, pp. 238-241; Watanabe, H., Tokuda, G., Cellulolytic Systems in Insects (2010) Annu. Rev. Entomol., 55, pp. 609-632; Wenzel, M., Schonig, I., Berchtold, M., Kampfer, P., König, K., Aerobic and facultatively anaerobic cellulolytic bacteria from the gut of the Termite Zootermopsis angusticollis (2002) J. Appl. Microbiol., 92, pp. 32-40; Brune, A., Microbial symbioses in the digestive tract of lower termites (2011) Beneficial Microorganisms in Multicellular Life Forms, pp. 3-25. , E. Rosenberg, U. Gophna, Heidelberg Springer; Tokuda, G., Watanabe, H., Hidden cellulases in termites: Revision of an old hypothesis (2007) Biol. Lett., 3, pp. 336-339; Nobre, T., Aanen, D.K., Fungiculture or termite husbandry? The ruminant hypothesis (2012) Insects, 3, pp. 307-323; Zientz, E., Feldhaar, H., Stoll, S., Gross, R., Insights into the microbial world associated with ants (2005) Arch. Microbiol., 184, pp. 199-206; Aylward, F., Burnum, K.E., Scott, J.J., Suen, G., Tringe, S.G., Metagenomic and metaproteomic insights into bacterial communities in leaf-cutter ant fungus gardens (2012) ISME J., pp. 1-14; Cook, S.C., Davidson, D.W., Nutritional and functional biology of exudate-feeding ants (2006) Entomol. Exp. Appl., 118, pp. 1-10; He, H., Chen, Y., Zhang, Y., Wei, C., Bacteria associated with gut lumen of Camponotus japonicus Mayr (2011) Environ. Entomol., 40, pp. 1405-1409; Blochmann, F., Über das Vorkommen von bakterienähnlichen Gebilden in den Geweben und Eiern verschiedener Insekten (1892) Zentbl. Bakteriol., 11, pp. 234-240; Feldhaar, H., Straka, J., Krischke, M., Berthold, K., Stoll, S., Nutritional upgrading for omnivorous carpenter ants by the endosymbiont Blochmannia (2007) BMC Biol., 5, p. 48; De Souza, D.J., Bézier, A., Depoix, D., Drezen, J.M., Lenoir, A., Blochmannia endosymbionts improve colony growth and immune defence in the ant Camponotus fellah (2009) BMC Microbiol., 9, p. 29; Van Borm, S., Buschinger, A., Boomsma, J.J., Billen, J., Tetraponera ants have gut symbionts related to nitrogen-fixing root-nodule bacteria (2002) Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B., 269, pp. 2023-2027; Eilmus, S., Heil, M., Bacterial associates of arboreal ants and their putative functions in an obligate ant-plant mutualism (2009) Appl. Env. Microbiol., 75, pp. 4324-4332; Russell, J.A., Moreau, C.S., Goldman-Huertas, B., Fujiwara, M., Lohman, D.J., Pierce, N.E., Bacterial gut symbionts are tightly linked with the evolution of herbivory in ants (2009) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 106, pp. 21236-21241; Delage-Darchen, B., Une fourmi de Côte d'Ivoire: Melissotarsus titubans Del., N. Sp. (1972) Insect. Soc., 19, pp. 213-226; Prins, A.J., Ben-Dov, Y., Rust, D.J., A new observation on the association between ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) and armoured scale insects (Homoptera: Diaspididae) (1975) J. Entomol. Soc. S. Afr., 38, pp. 211-216; Mony, R., Kenne, M., Dejean, A., (2002) Biology and Ecology of Pest Ants of the Genus Melissotarsus (Formicidae: Myrmicinae), with Special Reference to Tropical Fruit Tree Attacks, Sociobiology, 40, pp. 645-654; Mony, R., Fisher, B.L., Kenne, M., Tindo, M., Dejean, A., Behavioural ecology of bark-digging ants of the genus Melissotarsus (2007) Funct. Ecosyst. Commun., 1, pp. 121-128; Fisher, B.L., Robertson, H.G., Silk production by adult workers of the ant Melissotarsus emeryi (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) in South African fynbos (1999) Insect. Soc., 46, pp. 78-83; Sanson, G., The biomechanics of browsing and grazing (2006) Am. J. Bot., 93, pp. 1531-1545; Clissold, F., Sanson, G.D., Read, J., The paradoxical effects nutrient ratios and supply rates on an outbreaking insect herbivore, the Australian plague locust (2006) J. Anim. Ecol., 75, pp. 1000-1013; Cannon, C.A., (1998) Nutritional Ecology of the Carpenter Ant Camponotus Pennsylvanicus (De Geer): Macronutrient Preference and Particle Consumption, , (PhD thesis) Blacsburg VA; Eisner, T., A comparative morphological study of the proventriculus of ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) (1957) Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 116, pp. 441-490; Caetano, F.H., Can we use the digestive tract for phyllogenetic studies in ants (1990) Social Insects and the Environment, pp. 321-322. , G.K. Veeresh, B. Mallik, C.A. Viraktamath, Oxford & IBH publishing co. New Dehli; Delage, B., Recherches sur l'alimentation des fourmis granivores Messor capitatus Latr (1962) Insect. Soc., 9, pp. 137-143; Oettler, J., Johnson, R.A., The old ladies of the seed harvester ant Pogonomyrmex rugosus: Foraging performed by two groups of workers (2009) J. Insect. Behav., 22, pp. 217-226; Abbott, A., Nutrient dynamic of ants (1977) Production Ecology of Ants and Termites, pp. 233-244. , M.V. Brian, Cambridge University Press Cambridge; D'Ettorre, P., Mora, P., Dibangou, V., Rouland, C., Errard, C., The role of symbiotic fungus in the digestive metabolism of two species of fungus-growing ants (2002) J. Comp. Physiol. B, 172, pp. 169-176; Rouland, C., Lenoir, F., Lepage, M., The role of the symbiotic fungus in the digestive metabolism of several species of fungus-growing termites (1991) Comp. Biochem. Physiol., 99 A, pp. 657-663; Williams, J., Villaroya, H., Petek Galactosidase, F., II, III and IV from seeds of Trifolium repens (1978) Biochem. J., 175, pp. 1069-1077; Werner, W., Rey, H.G., Wielinger, R.H., Properties of a new chromogen for determination of glucose in blood according to the COD/POD method (1970) Anal. Chem., 252, pp. 224-228; Mora, P., Rouland, C., Comparison of hydrolytic enzyme produced during growth on carboidrate substrated by Termitomyces associates of Pseudacanthotermes spiniger and Microtermes subhyalinus (isopteran: Termitidae) (1994) Sociobiology, 26, pp. 39-53; Koning, R.E., Secondary Growth. Plant Physiology Information, , http://plantphys.info/plant_biology/secondary.shtml; Scheffrahn, R.H., Termites (Isoptera) (2008) Encyclopedia of Entomology Part 20, pp. 3737-3747. , J.L. Capinera, Springer Berlin; Richard, F.J., Mora, P., Errard, C., Rouland, C., Digestive capacities of leaf-cutting ants and the contribution of their cultivar to the degradation of plant material (2005) J. Comp. Physiol. B, 175, pp. 297-303; Ayre, G.L., The relationships between food and digestive enzymes in five species of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) (1967) Can. Entomol., 99, pp. 408-411; Went, F.W., Wheeler, J., Wheeler, G.C., Feeding and digestion in some ants (Veromessor and Manica) (1972) BioScience, 22, pp. 82-88; Moller, I.E., De Fine Licht, H.H., Harholt, J., Willats, G.T., Boomsma, J.J., The dynamics of plant cell-wall polysaccharide decomposition in leaf-cutting ant fungus garden (2011) PloS ONE, 6, p. 17506 Approved (up) no  
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Author Dezerald, O.; Talaga, S.; Leroy, C.; Carrias, J.-F.; Corbara, B.; Dejean, A.; Céréghino, R. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Environmental determinants of macroinvertebrate diversity in small water bodies: Insights from tank-bromeliads Type Journal Article
  Year 2014 Publication Hydrobiologia Abbreviated Journal Hydrobiologia  
  Volume 723 Issue 1 Pages 77-86  
  Keywords Freshwater biodiversity; Linear mixed effect modelling; Microcosms; Phytotelmata; Ponds  
  Abstract The interlocking leaves of tank-forming bromeliads (Bromeliaceae) collect rainwater and detritus, thus creating a freshwater habitat for specialized organisms. Their abundance and the possibility of quantifying communities with accuracy give us unparalleled insight into how changes in local to regional environments influence community diversity in small water bodies. We sampled 365 bromeliads (365 invertebrate communities) along a southeastern to northwestern range in French Guiana. Geographic locality determined the species pool for bromeliad invertebrates, and local environments determined the abundance patterns through the selection of traits that are best adapted to the bromeliad habitats. Patterns in community structure mostly emerged from patterns of predator species occurrence and abundance across local-regional environments, while the set of detritivores remained constant. Water volume had a strong positive correlation with invertebrate diversity, making it a biologically relevant measure of the pools' carrying capacity. The significant effects of incoming detritus and incident light show that changes in local environments (e.g., the conversion of forest to cropping systems) strongly influence freshwater communities. Because changes in local environments do not affect detritivores and predators equally, one may expect functional shifts as sets of invertebrates with particular traits are replaced or complemented by other sets with different traits. © 2013 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.  
  Address CNRS, EcoLab (UMR-CNRS 5245), 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, France  
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Author Lang, G.; Marcon, E. doi  openurl
  Title Testing randomness of spatial point patterns with the Ripley statistic Type Journal Article
  Year 2013 Publication ESAIM: Probability and Statistics Abbreviated Journal ESAIM PS  
  Volume 17 Issue Pages 767-788  
  Keywords Central limit theorem, goodness-of-fit test, Höffding decomposition, null, point pattern, Poisson process, null  
  Abstract Aggregation patterns are often visually detected in sets of location data. These clusters may be the result of interesting dynamics or the effect of pure randomness. We build an asymptotically Gaussian test for the hypothesis of randomness corresponding to a homogeneous Poisson point process. We first compute the exact first and second moment of the Ripley K-statistic under the homogeneous Poisson point process model. Then we prove the asymptotic normality of a vector of such statistics for different scales and compute its covariance matrix. From these results, we derive a test statistic that is chi-square distributed. By a Monte-Carlo study, we check that the test is numerically tractable even for large data sets and also correct when only a hundred of points are observed  
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Author Clair, B.; Alteyrac, J.; Gronvold, A.; Espejo, J.; Chanson, B.; Alméras, T. pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Patterns of longitudinal and tangential maturation stresses in Eucalyptus nitens plantation trees Type Journal Article
  Year 2013 Publication Annals of Forest Science Abbreviated Journal Ann. Forest Sci.  
  Volume 70 Issue 8 Pages 801-811  
  Keywords Eucalyptus nitens; G-layer; Longitudinal maturation stress; Maturation strain; Tangential maturation stress; Tension wood  
  Abstract Context: Tree orientation is controlled by asymmetric mechanical stresses set during wood maturation. The magnitude of maturation stress differs between longitudinal and tangential directions, and between normal and tension woods. Aims: We aimed at evaluating patterns of maturation stress on eucalypt plantation trees and their relation with growth, with a focus on tangential stress evaluation. Methods: Released maturation strains along longitudinal and tangential directions were measured around the circumference of 29 Eucalyptus nitens trees, including both straight and leaning trees. Results: Most trees produced asymmetric patterns of longitudinal maturation strain, but more than half of the maturation strain variability occurred between trees. Many trees produced high longitudinal tensile stress all around their circumference. High longitudinal tensile stress was not systematically associated with the presence of gelatinous layer. The average magnitude of released longitudinal maturation strain was found negatively correlated to the growth rate. A methodology is proposed to ensure reliable evaluation of released maturation strain in both longitudinal and tangential directions. Tangential strain evaluated with this method was lower than previously reported. Conclusion: The stress was always tensile along the longitudinal direction and compressive along the tangential direction, and their respective magnitude was positively correlated. This correlation does not result from a Poisson effect but may be related to the mechanism of maturation stress generation. © 2013 # The Author(s) 2013. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com.  
  Address Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad de Concepcion, Ciudad Universitaria, Concepcion, Chile  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
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  ISSN 12864560 (Issn) ISBN Medium  
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  Notes Export Date: 16 December 2013; Source: Scopus; Coden: Afosf; doi: 10.1007/s13595-013-0318-4; Language of Original Document: English; Correspondence Address: Clair, B.; CNRS, UMR Ecologie des Forêts de Guyane (EcoFoG), Campus Agronomique, BP 701, 97387 Kourou, French Guiana; email: bruno.clair@univ-montp2.fr; Funding Details: ANR-12-BS09-0004, French National Research Agency; References: Alméras, T., Fournier, M., Biomechanical design and long-term stability of trees: Morphological and wood traits involved in the balance between weight increase and the gravitropic reaction (2009) J Theor Biol, 256, pp. 370-381. , 19013473 10.1016/j.jtbi.2008.10.011; Alméras, T., Thibaut, A., Gril, J., Effect of circumferential heterogeneity of wood maturation strain, modulus of elasticity and radial growth on the regulation of stem orientation in trees (2005) Trees, 19, pp. 457-467. , 10.1007/s00468-005-0407-6; Archer, R.R., (1986) Growth Stresses and Strains in Trees, , Springer Verlag Berlin/Heidelberg/New York; Archer, R.R., On the origin of growth stresses in trees. Part 1: Micro mechanics of the developing cambial cell wall. Wood Sci (1987) Technol., 21, pp. 139-154; Baillères, H., Chanson, B., Fournier, M., Tollier, M.T., Monties, B., Structure, composition chimique et retraits de maturation du bois chez les clones d' Eucalyptus (1995) Ann Sci for, 52, pp. 157-172. , 10.1051/forest:19950206; Bergman, R., Cai, Z., Carll, C.G., Clausen, C.A., Ma, D., Falk, R.H., Frihart, C.R., Star, (2010) Wood Handbook: Wood As An Engineering Material, , U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory., Washington D.C. (USA)/Madison, WI, (USA); Biechele, T., Nutto, L., Becker, G., Growth strain in Eucalyptus nitens at different stages of development (2009) Silva Fennica, 43, pp. 669-679; Bonser, R.H.C., Ennos, A.R., Measurement of prestrain in trees:implications for the determination of safety factors (1998) Funct Ecol, 12, pp. 971-974. , 10.1046/j.1365-2435.1998.00279.x; Boyd, J.D., Tree growth stresses – Part I: Growth stress evaluation (1950) Austr. J. Sci. Res. Series B, Biological Sciences, 3, pp. 270-293; Boyd, J.D., Tree growth stresses – Part II: The development of shakes and other visual failure in timber (1950) Aust. J. App. Sci., 1, pp. 296-312; Clair, B., Alméras, T., Sugiyama, J., Compression stress in opposite wood of angiosperms: Observations in chestnut, mani and poplar (2006) Ann for Sci, 63, pp. 507-510. , 10.1051/forest:2006032; Clair, B., Ruelle, J., Beauchêne, J., Prevost, M.F., Fournier, M., Tension wood and opposite wood in 21 tropical rain forest species. 1. Occurence and efficiency of G-layer (2006) IAWA J, 27, pp. 329-338; Clair, B., Ruelle, J., Thibaut, B., Relationship between growth stress, mechano-physical properties and proportion of fibre with gelatinous layer in Chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) (2003) Holzforschung, 57, pp. 189-195. , 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXjs1ensr8%3D; Coutand, C., Fournier, M., Moulia, B., The gravitropic response of poplar trunks: Key roles of prestressed wood regulation and the relative kinetics of cambial growth versus wood maturation (2007) Plant Physiol, 144, pp. 1166-1180. , 17468227 10.1104/pp.106.088153 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXmvValtbg%3D; Fang, C.-H., Clair, B., Gril, J., Liu, S.-Q., Growth stresses are highly controlled by the amount of G-layer in poplar tension wood (2008) IAWA J, 29, pp. 237-246. , 10.1163/22941932-90000183; Ferrand, J.C., Study of growth stresses. 1. Measurement method on increment cores (1982) Ann Sci for, 39, pp. 109-142. , 10.1051/forest:19820201 (in French with English summary); Ferrand, J.C., Study of growth stresses. 2. Variations in the forest of growth stresses of beech (Fagus sylvatica) (1982) Ann Sci for, 39, pp. 187-218. , 10.1051/forest:19820301 (in French with English summary); Ferrand, J.C., Study of growth stresses. 3. Eucalyptus dedegatensis and Eucalyptus nitens – Influence of sylviculture and site index (1982) Ann Sci for, 39, pp. 355-378. , 10.1051/forest:19820402 (in French with English summary); Fournier, M., Chanson, B., Thibaut, B., Guitard, D., Measurement of residual growth strains at the stem surface. Observations of different species (1994) Ann. For. Sci., 51, pp. 249-266. , 10.1051/forest:19940305 (in French with English summary); Gerard, J., Bailleres, H., Fournier, M., Thibaut, B., Wood quality in plantation Eucalyptus – A study of variation in three reference properties (1995) Bois For. Trop, 245, pp. 101-110. , (in French with English summary); Giordano, G., Curro, P., Ghisi, G., Contribution of internal stresses in wood of Eucalyptus (1969) Wood Sci Technol, 3, pp. 1-13. , 10.1007/BF00349980; Jacobs, M.R., The fibre tension of woody stems, with special reference to the genus Eucalyptus (1938) Bull. Com. For. Bur, 22, p. 37; Jacobs, M.R., (1945) The Growth Stresses of Woody Stems, , Commonwealth Forestry Bureau Canberra, Australia; Jullien, D., Laghdir, A., Gril, J., Modelling log-end cracks due to growth stresses: Calculation of the elastic energy release rate (2003) Holzforschung, 57, pp. 407-414. , 10.1515/HF.2003.060 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXntFeksrk%3D; Jullien, D., Gril, J., Growth strain assessment at the periphery of small-diameter trees using the two-grooves method: Influence of operating parameters estimated by numerical simulations (2008) Wood Sci. Technol., 42, pp. 551-565. , 10.1007/s00226-008-0202-9 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXhtVOiu7jL; Jullien, D., Widmann, R., Loup, C., Thibaut, B., Relationship between tree morphology and growth stress in mature European beech stands (2013) Ann for Sci, 68, pp. 681-688; Kubler, H., Studies on growth stresses in trees – Part I: The origin of growth stresses and the stresses in transverse direction (1959) Holz Als Roh- Und Werkstoff, 17, pp. 1-9. , 10.1007/BF02608827; Kubler, H., Growth stresses in trees and related wood properties (1987) For. Abst., 48, pp. 131-189; Moulia, B., Coutand, C., Lenne, C., Posture control and skeletal mechanical acclimation in terrestrial plants: Implications for mechanical modelling of plant architecture (2006) Am J Bot, 93, pp. 1477-1489. , 21642095 10.3732/ajb.93.10.1477; Nicholson, J., A rapid method for estimating the longitudinal growth stress in logs (1971) Wood Sci. Technol., 5, pp. 40-48. , 10.1007/BF00363119; Nicholson, J.E., Growth stress differences in Eucalypts (1973) For Sci, 19, pp. 169-174; Okuyama, T., Sasaki, Y., Kikata, Y., Kawai, N., The seasonal change in growth stress in the tree trunk (1981) Mokuzai Gakkaishi, 27, pp. 350-355; Okuyama, T., Yamamoto, H., Yoshida, M., Hattori, Y., Archer, R.R., Growth stresses in tension wood: Role of microfibrils and lignification (1994) Ann for Sci, 51, pp. 291-300. , 10.1051/forest:19940308; Onaka, F., Studies on compression and tension wood (traduction) (1949) Wood Res, 1, pp. 1-88. , traduction n.p; Sasaki, Y., Okuyama, T., Kikata, Y., The evolution process of the growth stress in the tree. The surface stresses on the tree (1978) Mokuzai Gakkaishi, 24, pp. 140-157. , (in Japenese with English summary); Scurfield, G., Histochemistry of reaction wood cell walls in two species of Eucalyptus and in Tristania Conferta R (1972) Br. Aust. J. Bot., 20, pp. 9-26. , 10.1071/BT9720009 1:CAS:528:DyaE38XltFWksLk%3D; Yamamoto, H., Generation mechanism of growth stresses in wood cell walls: Roles of lignin deposition and cellulose microfibril during cell wall maturation (1998) Wood Sci. Technol., 32, pp. 171-182. , 1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXktlKhsb0%3D; Yamamoto, H., Abe, K., Arakawa, Y., Okuyama, T., Gril, J., Role of the gelatinous layer on the origin of the physical properties of the tension wood of Acer sieboldianum (2005) Wood Sci. Technol., 51, pp. 222-233. , 10.1007/s10086-004-0639-x 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXpslOqurs%3D; Yamamoto, H., Yoshida, M., Okuyama, T., Growth stress controls negative gravitropism in woody plant stems (2002) Planta, 216, pp. 280-292. , 12447542 10.1007/s00425-002-0846-x 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXktFOiug%3D%3D; Yang, J.L., Waugh, G., Growth stress, its measurement and effects (2001) Autr. For., 64, pp. 127-135; Yoshida, M., Ohta, H., Yamamoto, H., Okuyama, T., Tensile growth stress and lignin distribution in the cell walls of yellow poplar, Liriodendron tulipifera Linn (2002) Trees, 16, pp. 457-464. , 10.1007/s00468-002-0186-2 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XosFWltro%3D; Yoshida, M., Okuyama, T., Techniques for measuring growth stress (2002) Holzforschung, 56, pp. 461-467. , 10.1515/HF.2002.071 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XovVaru7c%3D Approved (up) no  
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Author Fortunel, C.; Paine, C.E.T.; Fine, P.V.A.; Kraft, N.J.B.; Baraloto, C. url  openurl
  Title Environmental factors predict community functional composition in Amazonian forests Type Journal Article
  Year 2014 Publication Journal of Ecology Abbreviated Journal J. Ecol.  
  Volume 102 Issue 1 Pages 145-155  
  Keywords Amazonian landscape; Climatic and soil gradients; Determinants of plant community diversity and structure; Environmental filtering; Functional traits; Tree communities; Tropical forests  
  Abstract The consequences of biodiversity loss for ecosystem services largely depend on the functional identities of extirpated species. However, poor descriptions of spatial patterns of community functional composition across landscapes hamper accurate predictions, particularly in highly diverse tropical regions. Therefore, understanding how community functional composition varies across environmental gradients remains an important challenge. We sampled 15 functional traits in 800 Neotropical tree species across 13 forest plots representative of the broad climatic and soil gradients encompassed by three widespread lowland forest habitats (terra firme forests on clay-rich soils, seasonally flooded forests and white-sand forests) at opposite ends of Amazonia (Peru and French Guiana). We combined univariate and multivariate approaches to test the magnitude and predictability of environmental filtering on community leaf and wood functional composition. Directional shifts in community functional composition correlated with environmental changes across the 13 plots, with denser leaves, stems and roots in forests occurring in environments with limited water and soil-nutrient availability. Critically, these relationships allowed us to accurately predict the functional composition of 61 additional forest plots from environmental data alone. Synthesis. Environmental filtering consistently shapes the functional composition of highly diverse tropical forests at large scales across the terra firme, seasonally flooded and white-sand forests of lowland Amazonia. Environmental factors drive and allow the prediction of variation in community functional composition among habitat types in Amazonian forests. © 2013 British Ecological Society.  
  Address Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, United States  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
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  ISSN 00220477 (Issn) ISBN Medium  
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  Notes Export Date: 31 December 2013; Source: Scopus; Coden: Jecoa; doi: 10.1111/1365-2745.12160; Language of Original Document: English; Correspondence Address: Fortunel, C.; INRA, UMR Ecologie des Forêts de Guyane, BP 709, Kourou Cedex, 97387, France; email: claire.fortunel@ecofog.gf; Funding Details: DEB-0743103/0743800, NSF, National Science Foundation; References: Agrawal, A.A., Fishbein, M., Plant defense syndromes (2006) Ecology, 87, pp. S132-S149; Anderson, L.O., Malhi, Y., Ladle, R.J., Aragao, L., Shimabukuro, Y., Phillips, O.L., Influence of landscape heterogeneity on spatial patterns of wood productivity, wood specific density and above ground biomass in Amazonia (2009) Biogeosciences, 6, pp. 1883-1902; Asner, G.P., Alencar, A., Drought impacts on the Amazon forest: the remote sensing perspective (2010) New Phytologist, 187, pp. 569-578; Asner, G.P., Loarie, S.R., Heyder, U., Combined effects of climate and land-use change on the future of humid tropical forests (2010) Conservation Letters, 3, pp. 395-403; Baraloto, C., Paine, C.E.T., Patiño, S., Bonal, D., Herault, B., Chave, J., Functional trait variation and sampling strategies in species-rich plant communities (2010) Functional Ecology, 24, pp. 208-216; Baraloto, C., Paine, C.E.T., Poorter, L., Beauchene, J., Bonal, D., Domenach, A.M., Hérault, B., Chave, J., Decoupled leaf and stem economics in rain forest trees (2010) Ecology Letters, 13, pp. 1338-1347; Baraloto, C., Rabaud, S., Molto, Q., Blanc, L., Fortunel, C., Hérault, B., Davila, N., Fine, P.V.A., Disentangling stand and environmental correlates of aboveground biomass in Amazonian forests (2011) Global Change Biology, 17, pp. 2677-2688; Baraloto, C., Molto, Q., Rabaud, S., Hérault, B., Valencia, R., Blanc, L., Fine, P.V.A., Thompson, J., Rapid simultaneous estimation of aboveground biomass and tree diversity across Neotropical forests: a comparison of field inventory methods (2013) Biotropica, 45, pp. 288-298; Belyea, L.R., Lancaster, J., Assembly rules within a contingent ecology (1999) Oikos, 86, pp. 402-416; Berry, S.L., Roderick, M.L., Estimating mixtures of leaf functional types using continental-scale satellite and climatic data (2002) Global Ecology and Biogeography, 11, pp. 23-39; Brando, P.M., Nepstad, D.C., Balch, J.K., Bolker, B., Christman, M.C., Coe, M., Putz, F.E., Fire-induced tree mortality in a neotropical forest: the roles of bark traits, tree size, wood density and fire behavior (2012) Global Change Biology, 18, pp. 630-641; Burnham, K.P., Anderson, D.R., Multimodel inference – understanding AIC and BIC in model selection (2004) Sociological Methods & Research, 33, pp. 261-304; Calcagno, V., de Mazancourt, C., glmulti: an R package for easy automated model selection with (generalized) linear models (2010) Journal of Statistical Software, 34, pp. 1-29; Chapin, F.S., BretHarte, M.S., Hobbie, S.E., Zhong, H.L., Plant functional types as predictors of transient responses of arctic vegetation to global change (1996) Journal of Vegetation Science, 7, pp. 347-358; Chaturvedi, R.K., Raghubanshi, A.S., Singh, J.S., Leaf attributes and tree growth in a tropical dry forest (2011) Journal of Vegetation Science, 22, pp. 917-931; Chave, J., Coomes, D., Jansen, S., Lewis, S.L., Swenson, N.G., Zanne, A.E., Towards a worldwide wood economics spectrum (2009) Ecology Letters, 12, pp. 351-366; Cingolani, A.M., Cabido, M., Gurvich, D.E., Renison, D., Diaz, S., Filtering processes in the assembly of plant communities: are species presence and abundance driven by the same traits? 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Author Perrin, A.-S.; Fujisaki, K.; Petitjean, C.; Sarrazin, M.; Godet, M.; Garric, B.; Horth, J.-C.; Balbino, L.C.; Filho, A.S.; de Almeida Machado, P.L.O.; Brossard, M. url  doi
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  Title Conversion of forest to agriculture in Amazonia with the chop-and-mulch method: Does it improve the soil carbon stock? Type Journal Article
  Year 2014 Publication Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment Abbreviated Journal Agric. Ecosyst. Environ.  
  Volume 184 Issue Pages 101-114  
  Keywords Annual crops; Brachiaria; Deforestation; Fire-free; French Guiana; No-tillage  
  Abstract Fire-free forest conversion with organic inputs as an alternative to slash-and-burn could improve agro-ecosystem sustainability. We assessed soil carbon mass changes in a sandy-clayey and well-drained soil in French Guiana after forest clearing by the chop-and-mulch method and crop establishment. At the experimental site of Combi, native forest was cut down in October 2008; woody biomass was chopped and incorporated into the top 20cm of soil. After about one year of legume and grass cover, three forms of land management were compared: grassland (Urochloa ruziziensis), maize/soybean crop rotation with disk tillage and in direct seeding without tillage. There were four replicates. We measured 14.16kgm-2 of carbon in 2mm-sieved soil down to 2m depth for the initial forest. Forest clearing did not induce significant soil compaction; neither did any specific agricultural practice. In converted soils, C stocks were measured in the 0-30cm layer after each crop for three years. Carbon mass changes for soil fractions <2mm (soil C stock) and >2mm (soil C pool) in the 0-5, 5-10, 10-20 and 20-30cm soil layers were assessed on an equivalent soil mass basis. One year and 1.5 years after deforestation, higher C stocks (+0.64 to 1.16kgCm-2yr-1) and C pools (+0.52 to 0.90kgCm-2yr-1) were measured in converted soils, compared to those of the forest into the top 30cm of soil. However, the masses of carbon in these converted soils declined later. The highest rates of carbon decrease were measured between 1.5 and 2 years after forest conversion in the <2mm soil fraction, from 0.46kgCm-2yr-1 (in grassland soils) to 0.71kgCm-2yr-1 (in cropland under no tillage). The carbon pool declined during the third year at rates of 0.41kgCm-2yr-1 (cropland under disk tillage) to 0.76kgCm-2yr-1 (grassland soils). Three years after forest conversion, C masses in the top 30cm of soils for grassland showed similar values than for forest. In comparison, the carbon stock in cropped soils managed under no tillage in direct seeding (without mulch) was significantly 17% and 16% lower than in forest and grassland soils, respectively. None of the studied agricultural practices succeeded in accumulating carbon from the chopped forest biomass. © 2013 Elsevier B.V.  
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  ISSN 01678809 (Issn) ISBN Medium  
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  Notes Export Date: 2 January 2014; Source: Scopus; Coden: Aeend; doi: 10.1016/j.agee.2013.11.009 Approved (up) no  
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