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Odonne, G.; Bourdy, G.; Beauchene, J.; Houel, E.; Stien, D.; Chevolot, L.; Deharo, E. |
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From Tonic-cups to Bitter-cups: Kwasi bita beker from Suriname Determination, past and present use of an ancient galenic artefact |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2007 |
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Journal of Ethnopharmacology |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Ethnopharmacol. |
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110 |
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2 |
Pages |
318-322 |
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Tonic-cup; Bitter-cup; Quassia amara; Suriname; traditional remedy |
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In the main markets of Paramaribo (Suriname), many stands offer what is locally called “Bitter-cups”, or “Kwasi bita beker”, small footed-cups, roughly carved from a whitish wood. The use of these cups is strictly medicinal and it seems to be restricted to Suriname, as they are not found in neighbouring countries (Guyana, French Guiana). The aim of this study was to identify the botanical origin of Bitter-cups still in use in the Saramaka traditional medicine (as information from field people was controversial), and document the ethnopharmacology of this original galenical artefact. Microscopic and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analyses were carried out on Bitter-cup, and anatomical criteria (marginal parenchyma band, size of intervessel and vessel-ray pits, rays width and rays composition, vessels clustering, frequency and size of parenchyma pits) together with HPLC profiles of the macerates showed that the wood cup was similar to Quassia amara L. (Simaroubaceae) wood. Ethnopharmacological investigation indicates that the use of these cups is simply due to the pharmacological properties attributed to “bitters”, and is strongly linked to tradition and cultural attitudes. This study also emphasizes the long lasting use of these cups, now restricted to Suriname only, with almost no variation over one century. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. |
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Univ Toulouse 3, Ctr IRD, UMR 152, F-97323 Cayenne, France, Email: genevieve.bourdy@ird.fr |
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ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD |
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0378-8741 |
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ISI:000245486900012 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
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166 |
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Bertani, S.; Houel, E.; Bourdy, G.; Stien, D.; Jullian, V.; Landau, I.; Deharo, E. |
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Quassia amara L. (Simaroubaceae) leaf tea: Effect of the growing stage and desiccation status on the antimalarial activity of a traditional preparation |
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Journal Article |
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2007 |
Publication |
Journal of Ethnopharmacology |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Ethnopharmacol. |
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111 |
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1 |
Pages |
40-42 |
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antimalarial; Quassia amara; quassinoids; simalikalactone D; traditional medicine |
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In French Guiana, Quassia amara L. (Simaroubaceae) leaf tea is a well-known widely used traditional antimalarial remedy. Impact of the vegetal sampling condition on in vivo and in vitro antimalarial activity was assessed. Traditional infusions were prepared with juvenile or mature leaves, both either fresh or dried. Results showed that growing stage and freshness of vegetal material exert a striking effect on antimalarial activity, both in vitro and in vivo. By far, leaf tea made from fresh juvenile (FJ) Quassia amara leaves was the most active. In vitro, active component (simalikalactone D) concentration correlates biological activities, although unexplained subtle variations were observed. In vivo, tea made with dried juvenile (DJ) leaves displays a peculiar behavior, meaning that some components may help simalikalactone D delivery or may be active in vivo only, therefore enhancing the expected curative effect of the traditional preparation. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. |
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Univ Toulouse 3, Ctr IRD, UMR 152, IRD, F-97323 Cayenne Cx, Guyana, Email: eric.deharo@ird.fr |
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ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD |
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0378-8741 |
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ISI:000246059600007 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
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164 |
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Gibernau, M.; Orivel, J.; Delabie, J.H.C.; Barabe, D.; Dejean, A. |
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An asymmetrical relationship between an arboreal ponerine ant and a trash-basket epiphyte (Araceae) RID D-4390-2009 RID C-4034-2011 |
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Journal Article |
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2007 |
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Biological Journal of the Linnean Society |
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Biol. J. Linnean Soc. |
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91 |
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3 |
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341-346 |
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hanging soil; mutualism; nest site selection; plant protection |
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The relationship between ants and Philodendron insigne, a trash-basket epiphyte abundant along streams, was studied in French Guiana. Only a few (3%) of the young plants sheltered ants, whereas 90% of the mature individuals did. The most frequent associate was Odontomachus hastatus (Fabricius), an arboreal ponerine ant, and its nests were almost entirely (94.4%) located in P. insigne root clusters. Experimental choice tests conducted on O. hastatus workers confirmed their preference for P. insigne. We propose that the interactions between P. insigne and ants may be intermediate between non-obligatory, reward-based interactions and obligatory, specific ant-myrmecophyte interactions because (1) almost all mature P. insigne individuals are associated with ants; (2) O. hastatus is the most frequent when diverse ants nest in its root clusters; (3) ants colonize mature P. insigne, but rarely young individuals; (4) ants, particularly O. hastatus, protect the foliage of their host; and (5) at least one ant species, O. hastatus, prefers P. insigne over other host plants. The latter relationship is asymmetrical because P. insigne is inhabited by diverse ants whereas O. hastatus nests almost exclusively in P. insigne. (c) 2007 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2007, 91, 341-346. |
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Univ Toulouse 3, Lab Evolut & Divers Biol, UMR 5174, CNRS,UPS, F-31062 Toulouse 9, France, Email: dejean@cict.fr |
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Blackwell Publishing |
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English |
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0024-4066 |
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WOS:000247817100001 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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356 |
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Bertani, S.; Houel, E.; Stien, D.; Chevolot, L.; Jullian, V.; Garavito, G.; Bourdy, G.; Deharo, E. |
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Simalikalactone D is responsible for the antimalarial properties of an amazonian traditional remedy made with Quassia amara L. (Simaroubaceae) |
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Journal Article |
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2006 |
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Journal of Ethnopharmacology |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Ethnopharmacol. |
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108 |
Issue |
1 |
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155-157 |
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antimalarial; Quassia amara; quassinoids; simalikalactone D; traditional medicine |
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French Guiana (North-East Amazonia) records high malaria incidence rates. The traditional antimalarial remedy most widespread there is a simple tea made out from Quassia amara L. leaves (Simaroubaceae). This herbal tea displays an excellent antimalarial activity both in vitro and in vivo. A known quassinoid, simalikalactone D (SkD), was identified as the active compound, with an IC50 value of 10 nM against FeB1 Plasmodium falciparum chloroquine resistant strain in vitro. Lastly, it inhibits 50% of Plasmodium yoelii yoelii rodent malaria parasite at 3.7 mg/kg/day in vivo by oral route. These findings confirm the traditional use of this herbal tea. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. |
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Univ Toulouse 3, UMR 152, Ctr IRD, F-97323 Cayenne, French Guiana, Email: deharo@cayenne.ird.fr |
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ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD |
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ISI:000241573000023 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
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173 |
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Levionnois, S.; Ziegler, C.; Jansen, S.; Calvet, E.; Coste, S.; Stahl, C.; Salmon, C.; Delzon, S.; Guichard, C.; Heuret, P. |
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Vulnerability and hydraulic segmentations at the stem–leaf transition: coordination across Neotropical trees |
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2020 |
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New Phytologist |
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New Phytol. |
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228 |
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2 |
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512-524 |
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drought-induced embolism resistance; hydraulic segmentation; leaf-specific conductivity; stem–leaf transition; tropical trees; vulnerability segmentation; air bubble; hydraulic conductivity; leaf; Neotropical Region; rainforest; tropical forest; vulnerability; xylem |
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Hydraulic segmentation at the stem–leaf transition predicts higher hydraulic resistance in leaves than in stems. Vulnerability segmentation, however, predicts lower embolism resistance in leaves. Both mechanisms should theoretically favour runaway embolism in leaves to preserve expensive organs such as stems, and should be tested for any potential coordination. We investigated the theoretical leaf-specific conductivity based on an anatomical approach to quantify the degree of hydraulic segmentation across 21 tropical rainforest tree species. Xylem resistance to embolism in stems (flow-centrifugation technique) and leaves (optical visualization method) was quantified to assess vulnerability segmentation. We found a pervasive hydraulic segmentation across species, but with a strong variability in the degree of segmentation. Despite a clear continuum in the degree of vulnerability segmentation, eight species showed a positive vulnerability segmentation (leaves less resistant to embolism than stems), whereas the remaining species studied exhibited a negative or no vulnerability segmentation. The degree of vulnerability segmentation was positively related to the degree of hydraulic segmentation, such that segmented species promote both mechanisms to hydraulically decouple leaf xylem from stem xylem. To what extent hydraulic and vulnerability segmentation determine drought resistance requires further integration of the leaf–stem transition at the whole-plant level, including both xylem and outer xylem tissue. © 2020 The Authors. New Phytologist © 2020 New Phytologist Trust |
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Univ. Bordeaux, INRAE, BIOGECO, Pessac, F-33615, France |
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Blackwell Publishing Ltd |
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0028646x (Issn) |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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952 |
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Honorio Coronado, E.N.; Dexter, K.G.; Pennington, R.T.; Chave, J.; Lewis, S.L.; Alexiades, M.N.; Alvarez, E.; Alves de Oliveira, A.; Amaral, I.L.; Araujo-Murakami, A.; Arets, E.J.M.M.; Aymard, G.A.; Baraloto, C.; Bonal, D.; Brienen, R.; Cerón, C.; Cornejo Valverde, F.; Di Fiore, A.; Farfan-Rios, W.; Feldpausch, T.R.; Higuchi, N.; Huamantupa-Chuquimaco, I.; Laurance, S.G.; Laurance, W.F.; López-Gonzalez, G.; Marimon, B.S.; Marimon-Junior, B.H.; Monteagudo Mendoza, A.; Neill, D.; Palacios Cuenca, W.; Peñuela Mora, M.C.; Pitman, N.C.A.; Prieto, A.; Quesada, C.A.; Ramirez Angulo, H.; Rudas, A.; Ruschel, A.R.; Salinas Revilla, N.; Salomão, R.P.; Segalin de Andrade, A.; Silman, M.R.; Spironello, W.; ter Steege, H.; Terborgh, J.; Toledo, M.; Valenzuela Gamarra, L.; Vieira, I.C.G.; Vilanova Torre, E.; Vos, V.; Phillips, O.L. |
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Phylogenetic diversity of Amazonian tree communities |
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Journal Article |
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2015 |
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Diversity and Distributions |
Abbreviated Journal |
Diversity and Distributions |
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21 |
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11 |
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1295-1307 |
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Amazon basin; Eudicots; Magnoliids; Monocots; Phylogenetic diversity; Species richness |
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Aim: To examine variation in the phylogenetic diversity (PD) of tree communities across geographical and environmental gradients in Amazonia. Location: Two hundred and eighty-three c. 1 ha forest inventory plots from across Amazonia. Methods: We evaluated PD as the total phylogenetic branch length across species in each plot (PDss), the mean pairwise phylogenetic distance between species (MPD), the mean nearest taxon distance (MNTD) and their equivalents standardized for species richness (ses.PDss, ses.MPD, ses.MNTD). We compared PD of tree communities growing (1) on substrates of varying geological age; and (2) in environments with varying ecophysiological barriers to growth and survival. Results: PDss is strongly positively correlated with species richness (SR), whereas MNTD has a negative correlation. Communities on geologically young- and intermediate-aged substrates (western and central Amazonia respectively) have the highest SR, and therefore the highest PDss and the lowest MNTD. We find that the youngest and oldest substrates (the latter on the Brazilian and Guiana Shields) have the highest ses.PDss and ses.MNTD. MPD and ses.MPD are strongly correlated with how evenly taxa are distributed among the three principal angiosperm clades and are both highest in western Amazonia. Meanwhile, seasonally dry tropical forest (SDTF) and forests on white sands have low PD, as evaluated by any metric. Main conclusions: High ses.PDss and ses.MNTD reflect greater lineage diversity in communities. We suggest that high ses.PDss and ses.MNTD in western Amazonia results from its favourable, easy-to-colonize environment, whereas high values in the Brazilian and Guianan Shields may be due to accumulation of lineages over a longer period of time. White-sand forests and SDTF are dominated by close relatives from fewer lineages, perhaps reflecting ecophysiological barriers that are difficult to surmount evolutionarily. Because MPD and ses.MPD do not reflect lineage diversity per se, we suggest that PDss, ses.PDss and ses.MNTD may be the most useful diversity metrics for setting large-scale conservation priorities. © 2015 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. |
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Universidad Autónoma del Beni, Av. Ejército Nacional, Riberalta, Riberalta, Bolivia |
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Export Date: 22 October 2015 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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634 |
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Bastias, C.C.; Fortunel, C.; Valladares, F.; Baraloto, C.; Benavides, R.; Cornwell, W.; Markesteijn, L.; De Oliveira, A.A.; Sansevero, J.B.B.; Vaz, M.C.; Kraft, N.J.B. |
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Intraspecific leaf trait variability along a boreal-to-tropical community diversity gradient |
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Journal Article |
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2017 |
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PLoS ONE |
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PLoS ONE |
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12 |
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2 |
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e0172495 |
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Disentangling the mechanisms that shape community assembly across diversity gradients is a central matter in ecology. While many studies have explored community assembly through species average trait values, there is a growing understanding that intraspecific trait variation (ITV) can also play a critical role in species coexistence. Classic biodiversity theory hypothesizes that higher diversity at species-rich sites can arise from narrower niches relative to species-poor sites, which would be reflected in reduced ITV as species richness increases. To explore how ITV in woody plant communities changes with species richness, we compiled leaf trait data (leaf size and specific leaf area) in a total of 521 woody plant species from 21 forest communities that differed dramatically in species richness, ranging from boreal to tropical rainforests. At each forest, we assessed ITV as an estimate of species niche breadth and we quantified the degree of trait overlap among co-occurring species as a measure of species functional similarity. We found ITV was relatively invariant across the species richness gradient. In addition, we found that species functional similarity increased with diversity. Contrary to the expectation from classic biodiversity theory, our results rather suggest that neutral processes or equalizing mechanisms can be acting as potential drivers shaping community assembly in hyperdiverse forests. © This is an open access article, free of all copyright, and may be freely reproduced, distributed, transmitted, modified, built upon, or otherwise used by anyone for any lawful purpose. The work is made available under the Creative Commons CC0 public domain dedication. |
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Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro-UFRRJ, Departamento de Ciencias Ambientais-DCA, Instituto de Florestas, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil |
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Export Date: 13 March 2017 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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744 |
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Sist, P.; Blanc, L.; Mazzei, L.; Baraloto, C.; Aussenac, R. |
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Current knowledge on overall post-logging biomass dynamics in Northern Amazonian forests |
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Journal Article |
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2012 |
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Bois et Forets des Tropiques |
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Bois Forets Tropiques |
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66 |
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314 |
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41-49 |
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Above ground-biomass; Amazonian rainforests; Logging impact; Silviculture |
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This article presents the effects of logging on the dynamics of above-ground biomass from the results of the post-logging study within two forests: Cikel in Eastern Pará, Brazil and Paracou in French Guiana. The main objective is to compare the impact of commercial logging on the regeneration of the aboveground biomass in these forests whose characteristics differ in terms of structure and growth. In both sites, the intensity of exploitation is a key factor in determining the loss of biomass and the time required for its regeneration. In Paracou, the regeneration of biomass lost during conventional logging of 10 trees per hectare takes 45 years and more than 100 years when operating with higher intensity (21 trees/ha ). In Cikel the forest biomass regenerates after 49 years harvesting 6 trees/ha and that takes 87 years after removal of 8 trees/ha. This regeneration needs similar time on both sites but with lower logging intensity at Cikel, in which felled trees are larger with a greater biomass than those of Paracou. This post-logging study has established a direct correlation of the dynamics of the biomass with the initial structure of the forest, as well as with the parameters of forest dynamics: mortality, growth and recruitment. The accumulation of biomass by the tree growth of the two remaining stands is a key parameter for the net carbon storage, while the contribution of recruitment in Paracou becomes significant only after 10 years after felling. Therefore in view to improve the growth of residual trees, it is compulsory to apply adequate silvicultural treatments such as selective thinning or removal of vines. While the two forests are geographically close enough, their regenerative abilities differ and because of the significant difference in size of the trees, the forest could tolerate more intensive harvesting in French Guiana. |
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Université Antilles-Guyane Cayenne, Guyane, France |
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0006579x (Issn) |
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Export Date: 5 June 2013; Source: Scopus; Language of Original Document: English; Correspondence Address: Cirad UR B and SEF, Campus international de Baillarguet, 34398 Montpellier Cedex 5, France |
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489 |
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Traissac, S.; Pascal, J.-P. |
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Birth and life of tree aggregates in tropical forest: Hypotheses on population dynamics of an aggregated shade-tolerant species |
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Journal Article |
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2014 |
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Journal of Vegetation Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Veg. Sci. |
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25 |
Issue |
2 |
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491-502 |
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Clusters; Colonization strategy; Janzen-Connell; Spatial analysis; Spatial pattern; Vouacapoua americana |
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Questions: Several studies have described aggregated spatial patterns in tropical tree species. This study investigates aggregate dynamics of Vouacapoua americana (Aublet), a climax species whose spatial pattern is not simply related to light and soil conditions or to its short seed dispersal range. Location: Two rain forest sites: Nouragues and Paracou, in the Guiana Shield. Methods: We described the spatial pattern of tree locations and spatial autocorrelation of tree diameters, using statistics derived from Ripley's K. We particularly used methods to define analysis subplots according to local density or local mean diameter. We investigated relationships between spatial distributions of adults and saplings. Results: At both sites, populations of Vouacapoua demonstrated several nested levels of aggregation. Tree diameters were spatially autocorrelated, revealing the existence of clusters with similar diameters. In the largest aggregates, tree diameters declined from the centre to the edge. Regeneration was aggregated and occurred mainly at cluster edges and around rare isolated trees, and sapling densities and basal area of adults were negatively correlated. We show that long-distance dispersal events are rare. Conclusions: Environmental factors and seed dispersal only explain part of the observed spatial patterns. We provide two main hypotheses about Vouacapoua population dynamics. First, the lack of regeneration in aggregate centres results in the ageing of existing aggregates. We suggest that this lack of recruitment close to mature trees is due to a Janzen-Connell effect. However, aggregates can continue to grow along colonization fronts. Second, long-distance dispersal events allow the formation of new clusters and play a crucial role in the colonization process. We investigate aggregate dynamics of Vouacapoua americana (Aublet) whose spatial pattern is not simply related to environmental conditions or to its seed dispersal. Regeneration does not occur in centers of aggregate of adults. We suggest that rare long-distance dispersal events and density-dependence predation of seeds and seedlings play a crucial role in formation of new clusters and structuration of larger aggregates. © 2013 International Association for Vegetation Science. |
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Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 43 Boulevard 11 Novembre 1918, Villeurbanne, 69100, France |
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Export Date: 10 March 2014; Source: Scopus; Coden: Jvese; Language of Original Document: English; Correspondence Address: Traissac, S.; AgroParisTech, UMR ECOlogie des Forêts de Guyane, Campus Agronomique, BP 709, Kourou, 97387, France; email: stephane.traissac@ecofog.gf |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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532 |
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Dejean, A.; Céréghino, R.; Leponce, M.; Rossi, V.; Roux, O.; Compin, A.; Delabie, J.H.C.; Corbara, B. |
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The fire ant Solenopsis saevissima and habitat disturbance alter ant communities |
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2015 |
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Biological Conservation |
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Biological Conservation |
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187 |
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145-153 |
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Ant community; Fire ants; Invasive species; Species coexistence; Supercoloniality |
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The fire ant Solenopsis saevissima is a major pest frequent in human-disturbed areas of its native range where it forms 'supercolonies'. We determined that its natural habitat in French Guiana is likely the sporadically flooded riparian forest and aimed to evaluate this ant's impact on the abundance and diversity of other ants by comparing different habitats at two sites. We noted a significant decrease in ant species richness between the rainforest and human-disturbed habitats (but not between the former and the naturally disturbed riparian forest), and between extreme habitats and all others. The number of ant nests per surface unit (i.e., quadrats of equal surface area), a proxy of ant abundance, globally followed this pattern. S. saevissima was absent from pristine rainforest (as expected) and from extreme habitats, showing the limits of its adaptability, whereas some other native ants can develop in these habitats. Ant species richness was significantly lower in the presence of S. saevissima in the riparian forest, forest edges and meadows, illustrating that this ant species has a negative impact on the ant communities in addition to the impact of natural- and man-made disturbances. Only some ant species can develop in its presence, and certain of these can even thrive. Because it has been recorded in Africa, Guadeloupe and the Galápagos Islands, we concluded that, due to the increasing volume of global trade and forest destruction, S. saevissima could become a pantropical invasive species. © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. |
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Université Clermont Auvergne, Université Blaise Pascal (LMGE), Clermont-Ferrand, France |
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Export Date: 11 June 2015 |
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