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Vleminckx, J.; Bauman, D.; Demanet, M.; Hardy, O.J.; Doucet, J.-L.; Drouet, T. |
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Title |
Past human disturbances and soil fertility both influence the distribution of light-demanding tree species in a Central African tropical forest |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Journal of Vegetation Science |
Abbreviated Journal  |
J. Veg. Sci. |
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Volume |
31 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
440-453 |
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light-demanding species; moist tropical forests; past human disturbances; shade-bearer species; soil charcoal abundance; soil properties; tree community assemblages; wood-specific gravity; anthropogenic effect; forest canopy; forest ecosystem; shifting cultivation; soil fertility; soil property; tree; tropical forest; Cameroon |
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Questions: In vast areas of Central African forests, the upper canopy is presently dominated by light-demanding tree species. Here, we confront three hypotheses to explain this dominance: (a) these species have expanded their distribution because of widespread past slash-and-burn activities, as suggested by important charcoal amounts recorded in the soils of the region; (b) their abundance is rather explained by soil properties, as this guild establishes preferentially on favourable physico-chemical conditions for rapid growth; (c) soil properties have been substantially influenced by past human disturbances and those two effects cannot be disentangled. Location: Pallisco-CIFM logging concession, southeastern Cameroon (300,000 ha). Methods: We quantified soil charcoal abundance and measured ten soil variables at the basis of 60 target trees that belonged to a list of three long-living pioneer light-demanding (LLP) and four shade-bearer (SB) species. We identified all stems with a diameter at breast height (DBH) ≥ 20 cm within a distance of 15 m around each target tree. Species were characterised by their wood-specific gravity (WSG), which reflected their light requirement. Multiple regression models were used to quantify and test the relative effects of charcoal abundance and soil variables on the mean WSG of the 60 tree communities, as well as the abundance of three guilds: LLP, SB, and non-pioneer light demanders (NPLD). Results: The mean WSG was the only response variable significantly explained by soil variables and charcoal abundance combined. It was significantly negatively associated with soil calcium and Mg content and with charcoal abundance, with soil and charcoal influencing the mean WSG independently. Conclusion: Our study provides evidence that past human disturbances and soil fertility have independently promoted the establishment of light-demanding species in western Central African forests, thereby shedding light on tree community assembly rules in these ecosystems which remain considerably understudied compared to the tropical forests of other continents. © 2020 International Association for Vegetation Science |
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Forest is life, TERRA Teaching and Research Centre, Université de Liège – Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Gembloux, Belgium |
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Wiley-Blackwell |
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11009233 (Issn) |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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970 |
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Yamamoto, H.; Almeras, T. |
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Title |
A mathematical verification of the reinforced-matrix hypothesis using the Mori-Tanaka theory |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2007 |
Publication |
Journal of Wood Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Wood Sci. |
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53 |
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6 |
Pages |
505-509 |
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Engineering |
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This article presents a theoretical verification of the reinforced-matrix hypothesis derived from tensor equations, σ W = σ f + σ m and ε W = ε f = ε m (Wood Sci Technol 32:171–182, 1998; Wood Sci Technol 33:311–325, 1999; J Biomech Eng 124:432–440, 2002), using classical Mori-Tanaka theory on the micromechanics of fiber-reinforced materials (Acta Metall 21:571–574, 1973; Micromechanics — dislcation and inclusions (in Japanese), pp 141–147, 1976). The Mori-Tanaka theory was applied to a small fragment of the cell wall undergoing changes in its physical state, such as those arising from sorption of moisture, maturation of wall components, or action of an external force, to obtain ⟨σ A⟩D = ϕ·⟨σ F⟩I + (1−ϕ)·⟨σ M⟩D−I. When the constitutive equation of each constituent material was applied to the equation ⟨σ A⟩D = ϕ·⟨σ F⟩I + (1−ϕ)·⟨σ M⟩D−I, the equations σ W = σ f + σ m and ε W = ε f = ε m were derived to lend support to the concept that two main phases, the reinforcing cellulose microfibril and the lignin-hemicellulose matrix, coexist in the same domain. The constitutive equations for the cell wall fragment were obtained without recourse to additional parameters such as Eshelby’s tensor S and Hill’s averaged concentration tensors AF and AM. In our previous articles, the coexistence of two main phases and σ W = σ f + σ m and ε W = ε f =ε m had been taken as our starting point to formulate the behavior of wood fiber with multilayered cell walls. The present article provides a rational explanation for both concepts. |
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Springer Japan |
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1435-0211 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
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215 |
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Almeras, T.; Yoshida, M.; Okuyama, T. |
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Title |
The generation of longitudinal maturation stress in wood is not dependent on diurnal changes in diameter of trunk |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Journal of Wood Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Wood Sci. |
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Volume |
52 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
452-455 |
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Keywords |
maturation stress; growth stress; cell-wall maturation; continuous lighting; diurnal strains |
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A hypothetical mechanism for the generation of maturation stress in wood was tested experimentally. The hypothesis was that the maturation stress could partly originate in a physical mechanism related to daily changes in water pressure and associated diurnal strains. The matrix of lignin and hemicellulose, deposited in the cell wall during the night, would be put in compression by the effect of water tension during the next day. The cellulose framework, crystallizing during the day, would be put in tension by the decrease in tension at night and subsequent cell-wall swelling. This was tested on young saplings of sugi and beech. Half of the saplings were submitted to continuous lighting, which canceled diurnal strains. Saplings were tilted 40 degrees, and their uprighting movement was measured. The uprighting movement is directly due to the production of reaction wood and the concomitant development of large longitudinal maturation stress. It occurred in the continuously lighted plants at least as much as in control plants. We conclude that the generation of longitudinal maturation stress in tension or compression wood is not directly related to variations in water pressure and diurnal strains. |
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Nagoya Univ, Grad Sch Bioagr Sci, Lab Biomat Phys, Chikusa Ku, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan, Email: t_almeras@hotmail.com |
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SPRINGER TOKYO |
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1435-0211 |
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ISI:000241010600012 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
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222 |
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Zhang, T.; Bai, S.-L.; Bardet, S.; Almeras, T.; Thibaut, B.; Beauchene, J. |
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Title |
Radial variations of vibrational properties of three tropical woods |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Journal of Wood Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Wood Sci. |
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Volume |
57 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
377-386 |
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Keywords |
Damping coefficient; Dynamic modulus; Extractives; Microfibril angle; Tropical woods |
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The radial trends of vibrational properties, represented by the specific dynamic modulus (E′/ρ) and damping coefficient (tan δ), were investigated for three tropical rainforest hardwood species (Simarouba amara, Carapa procera, and Symphonia globulifera) using free-free flexural vibration tests. The microfibril angle (MFA) was estimated using X-ray diffraction. Consistent patterns of radial variations were observed for all studied properties. E′/ρ was found to decrease from pith to bark, which was strongly related to the increasing pith-bark trend of MFA. The variation of tan δ along the radius could be partly explained by MFA and partly by the gradient of extractives due to heartwood formation. The coupling effect of MFA and extractives could be separated through analysis of the log(tan δ) versus log(E′/ρ) diagram. For the species studied, the extractive content putatively associated with heartwood formation generally tends to decrease the wood damping coefficient. However, this weakening effect of extractives was not observed for the inner part of the heartwood, suggesting that the mechanical action of extractives was reduced during their chemical ageing. © 2011 The Japan Wood Research Society. |
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CIRAD, UMR Ecofog, BP 701, 97387 Kourou Cedex, Guyane Française, France |
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14350211 (Issn) |
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Export Date: 26 October 2011; Source: Scopus; Coden: Jwscf; doi: 10.1007/s10086-011-1189-7; Language of Original Document: English; Correspondence Address: Bai, S.-L.; Department of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; email: slbai@pku.edu.cn |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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363 |
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Trzcinski, M.K.; Srivastava, D.S.; Corbara, B.; Dezerald, O.; Leroy, C.; Carrias, J.-F.; Dejean, A.; Céréghino, R.; Rudolf, V. |
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Title |
The effects of food web structure on ecosystem function exceeds those of precipitation |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Journal of Animal Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Journal of Animal Ecology |
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Volume |
85 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
1147-1160 |
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bromeliad; climate change; community interactions; drought; ecosystem function; French Guiana; invertebrates; micro-organisms; phytotelmata; precipitation |
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Ecosystems are being stressed by climate change, but few studies have tested food web responses to changes in precipitation patterns and the consequences to ecosystem function. Fewer still have considered whether results from one geographic region can be applied to other regions, given the degree of community change over large biogeographic gradients. We assembled, in one field site, three types of macroinvertebrate communities within water-filled bromeliads. Two represented food webs containing both a fast filter feeder–microbial and slow detritivore energy channels found in Costa Rica and Puerto Rico, and one represented the structurally simpler food webs in French Guiana, which only contained the fast filter feeder–microbial channel. We manipulated the amount and distribution of rain entering bromeliads and examined how food web structure mediated ecosystem responses to changes in the quantity and temporal distribution of precipitation. Food web structure affected the survival of functional groups in general and ecosystem functions such as decomposition and the production of fine particulate organic matter. Ecosystem processes were more affected by decreased precipitation than were the abundance of micro-organisms and metazoans. In our experiments, the sensitivity of the ecosystem to precipitation change was primarily revealed in the food web dominated by the single filter feeder–microbial channel because other top-down and bottom-up processes were weak or absent. Our results show stronger effects of food web structure than precipitation change per se on the functioning of bromeliad ecosystems. Consequently, we predict that ecosystem function in bromeliads throughout the Americas will be more sensitive to changes in the distribution of species, rather than to the direct effects caused by changes in precipitation. © 2016 The Authors. Journal of Animal Ecology © 2016 British Ecological Society |
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Boulevard de la Lironde, IRD, botAnique et bioinforMatique de l'Architecture des Plantes (UMR-IRD 123), TA A-51/PS2, Montpellier Cedex 5, France |
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Export Date: 1 September 2016 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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685 |
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Lamarre, G.P.A.; Herault, B.; Fine, P.V.A.; Vedel, V.; Lupoli, R.; Mesones, I.; Baraloto, C. |
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Taxonomic and functional composition of arthropod assemblages across contrasting Amazonian forests |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Journal of Animal Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Journal of Animal Ecology |
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85 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
227-239 |
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Amazon; Arthropod community; Environmental filtering; Forest habitat; French Guiana; Functional composition; Mass sampling; Peru; Trophic cascades |
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Arthropods represent most of global biodiversity, with the highest diversity found in tropical rain forests. Nevertheless, we have a very incomplete understanding of how tropical arthropod communities are assembled. We conducted a comprehensive mass sampling of arthropod communities within three major habitat types of lowland Amazonian rain forest, including terra firme clay, white-sand and seasonally flooded forests in Peru and French Guiana. We examined how taxonomic and functional composition (at the family level) differed across these habitat types in the two regions. The overall arthropod community composition exhibited strong turnover among habitats and between regions. In particular, seasonally flooded forest habitats of both regions comprised unique assemblages. Overall, 17·7% (26 of 147) of arthropod families showed significant preferences for a particular habitat type. We present a first reproducible arthropod functional classification among the 147 taxa based on similarity among 21 functional traits describing feeding source, major mouthparts and microhabitats inhabited by each taxon. We identified seven distinct functional groups whose relative abundance contrasted strongly across the three habitats, with sap and leaf feeders showing higher abundances in terra firme clay forest. Our novel arthropod functional classification provides an important complement to link these contrasting patterns of composition to differences in forest functioning across geographical and environmental gradients. This study underlines that both environment and biogeographical processes are responsible for driving arthropod taxonomic composition while environmental filtering is the main driver of the variance in functional composition. © 2016 British Ecological Society. |
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International Center for Tropical Botany, Department of Biological Sciences, International Center for Tropical Botany, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States |
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Cited By :1; Export Date: 17 February 2017 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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731 |
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Nirma, C.; Eparvier, V.; Stien, D. |
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Reactivation of antibiosis in the entomogenous fungus Chrysoporthe sp. SNB-CN74 |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2015 |
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Journal of Antibiotics |
Abbreviated Journal |
Journal of Antibiotics |
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68 |
Issue |
9 |
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586-590 |
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Chrysoporthe sp. SNB-CN74 was isolated from a Nasutitermes corniger nest, and its ethyl acetate extract was found to exhibit very strong antibacterial activity. Two antibacterial metabolites were isolated, (-)-R-skyrin (2) and (+)-rugulosin A (3). Eventually, the fungus lost its antibiotic potential when subcultured, and the use of yeast extract induced the re-expression of these two antibiotics. Yeast extract possibly activated a cryptic pathway by mimicking the presence of an ecological competitor. © 2015 Japan Antibiotics Research Association All rights reserved. |
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Sorbonne Universités, Laboratoire de Biodiversité et Biotechnologies Microbiennes (LBBM), Observatoire Océanologique, Banyuls-sur-mer, France |
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Export Date: 12 October 2015 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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628 |
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Vedel, V.; Cerdan, A.; Martinez, Q.; Baraloto, C.; Petitclerc, F.; Orivel, J.; Fortunel, C. |
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Day-time vs. Night-time sampling does not affect estimates of spider diversity across a land use gradient in the Neotropics |
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Journal Article |
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2015 |
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Journal of Arachnology |
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Journal of Arachnology |
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43 |
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3 |
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413-416 |
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Araneae; community; day; night; sampling protocol |
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To obtain a reliable description of spider communities, robust sampling protocols are crucial. However, it remains unclear if descriptions of spider communities in tropical habitats require both day and night sampling. Here we tested whether sampling both day and night in high and low vegetation strata would lead to better diversity estimates of spider communities than sampling at only one period of the day. We determined spider taxonomic diversity in a network of 12 plots in French Guiana along a vegetation gradient. We found high alpha diversity of spiders as expected for a tropical area at every site. We showed strong differences in spider alpha and beta diversity between high and low vegetation strata, while they were similar between day and night sampling. Our results suggest that collecting spiders at only one period is sufficient to describe the diversity of spider communities across land use types in the neotropics. © The American Arachnological Society. |
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Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States |
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Export Date: 10 December 2015 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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641 |
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Paine, C.E.T.; Amissah, L.; Auge, H.; Baraloto, C.; Baruffol, M.; Bourland, N.; Bruelheide, H.; Daïnou, K.; de Gouvenain, R.C.; Doucet, J.-L.; Doust, S.; Fine, P.V.A.; Fortunel, C.; Haase, J.; Holl, K.D.; Jactel, H.; Li, X.; Kitajima, K.; Koricheva, J.; Martínez-Garza, C.; Messier, C.; Paquette, A.; Philipson, C.; Piotto, D.; Poorter, L.; Posada, J.M.; Potvin, C.; Rainio, K.; Russo, S.E.; Ruiz-Jaen, M.; Scherer-Lorenzen, M.; Webb, C.O.; Wright, S.J.; Zahawi, R.A.; Hector, A. |
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Globally, functional traits are weak predictors of juvenile tree growth, and we do not know why |
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Journal Article |
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2015 |
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Journal of Ecology |
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Journal of Ecology |
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103 |
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4 |
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978-989 |
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Functional ecology; FunDivEurope; Growth; Hierarchical models; Plant population and community dynamics; Relative growth rate; Size-standardized growth rate; TreeDivNet |
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Plant functional traits, in particular specific leaf area (SLA), wood density and seed mass, are often good predictors of individual tree growth rates within communities. Individuals and species with high SLA, low wood density and small seeds tend to have faster growth rates. If community-level relationships between traits and growth have general predictive value, then similar relationships should also be observed in analyses that integrate across taxa, biogeographic regions and environments. Such global consistency would imply that traits could serve as valuable proxies for the complex suite of factors that determine growth rate, and, therefore, could underpin a new generation of robust dynamic vegetation models. Alternatively, growth rates may depend more strongly on the local environment or growth-trait relationships may vary along environmental gradients. We tested these alternative hypotheses using data on 27 352 juvenile trees, representing 278 species from 27 sites on all forested continents, and extensive functional trait data, 38% of which were obtained at the same sites at which growth was assessed. Data on potential evapotranspiration (PET), which summarizes the joint ecological effects of temperature and precipitation, were obtained from a global data base. We estimated size-standardized relative height growth rates (SGR) for all species, then related them to functional traits and PET using mixed-effect models for the fastest growing species and for all species together. Both the mean and 95th percentile SGR were more strongly associated with functional traits than with PET. PET was unrelated to SGR at the global scale. SGR increased with increasing SLA and decreased with increasing wood density and seed mass, but these traits explained only 3.1% of the variation in SGR. SGR-trait relationships were consistently weak across families and biogeographic zones, and over a range of tree statures. Thus, the most widely studied functional traits in plant ecology were poor predictors of tree growth over large scales. Synthesis. We conclude that these functional traits alone may be unsuitable for predicting growth of trees over broad scales. Determining the functional traits that predict vital rates under specific environmental conditions may generate more insight than a monolithic global relationship can offer. The most widely studied functional traits in plant ecology, specific leaf area, wood density and seed mass, were only weakly associated with tree growth rates over broad scales. Assessing trait-growth relationships under specific environmental conditions may generate more insight than a global relationship can offer. © 2015 British Ecological Society. |
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Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom |
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Export Date: 3 July 2015 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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609 |
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Remy, C.C.; Fleury, M.; Beauchene, J.; Rivier, M.; Goli, T. |
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Analysis of PAH Residues and Amounts of Phenols in Fish Smoked with Woods Traditionally Used in French Guiana |
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Journal Article |
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2016 |
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Journal of Ethnobiology |
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Journal of Ethnobiology |
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36 |
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2 |
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312-325 |
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French Guiana; phenols; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; smoked fish; traditional knowledge |
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Fish smoking with local wood species is a traditional practice in French Guiana. We evaluated the carcinogenic risk and the smoky taste in acoupa weakfish (Cynoscion acoupa) smoked by a small Guianese company specializing in fish smoking using local wood species. The goal of this study is to promote regional economic development by encouraging the establishment of small companies offering fish smoked with local wood species in agreement with the European health norms in terms of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) content in smoked fish. The fish smoked with three species of wood traditionally used in French Guiana, Parinari campestris, Caesaria grandiflora, and Laetia procera, conformed to European standards for PAH content. Their phenol contents (correlated with the smoky taste) were close to smoked salmon, the reference in Europe. Given the low rate of extractable compounds in these woods, other flavors had little chance of predominating on the smoky taste. These three tropical wood species might be used for the production of cold smoked fish in compliance with European standards for PAH residues. The flavor and consumer's acceptance of the smoked fish should now be investigated to characterize the added typicity of local woods in comparison to the commonly used European woods. © 2016 Society of Ethnobiology. |
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4UMR Qualisud, CIRAD Persyst Bât, France |
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Export Date: 1 September 2016 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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692 |
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