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Leroy, C., Cereghino, R., Camas, J. F., Pelozuelo, L., Dejean, A., & Corbara, B. (2010). Several aspects of the life of vascular epiphytes. Biofutur, 315, 38–41.
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Male, P. J. G., Loiseau, A., Estoup, A., Quilichini, A., & Orivel, J. (2010). Characterization of polymorphic microsatellite loci in the neotropical plant-ant Allomerus decemarticulatus (Formicidae: Myrmicinae) and multiplexing with other microsatellites from the ant subfamily Myrmicinae. Eur. J. Entomol., 107(4), 673–675.
Abstract: Five polymorphic microsatellite loci of the arboreal ant Allomerus decemarticulatus (Myrmicinae) were isolated and characterized. The amplification and polymorphism of seven additional microsatellite loci, previously developed for the ant species A. octoarticulatus and Wasmannia auropunctata, were also tested and the amplification conditions necessary for genotyping the complete set of 12 multiplexed markers in A. decemarticulatus determined. The number of alleles per locus ranged from three to 15 and observed heterozygosity varied front 0.09 to 0.95. Cross-species amplification of these loci was also successfully achieved in additional species of the same ant subfamily, Myrmicinae. This set of microsatellite markers will be used in studies on the mating system and population genetic structure of Myrmicinae in general and A. decemarticulatus in particular.
Keywords: Hymenoptera; Formicidae; Myrmicinae; Allomerus; ant-plant mutualism; microsatellites; plant-ant
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Lebrini, M., Robert, F., & Roos, C. (2010). Inhibition Effect of Alkaloids Extract from Annona Squamosa Plant on the Corrosion of C38 Steel in Normal Hydrochloric Acid Medium. Int. J. Electrochem. Sci., 5(11), 1698–1712.
Abstract: In this work, an alkaloids extract from Annona squamosa plant have been studied as possible corrosion inhibitor for C38 steel in molar hydrochloric acid (1 M HCl). Potentiodynamic polarization and AC impedance methods have been used. The corrosion inhibition efficiency increases on increasing plant extract concentration. Polarisation studies showed that Annona squamosa extract was mixed-type inhibitor in 1 M HCl. The inhibition efficiency of Annona squamosa extract was temperature-dependent and its addition led to an increase of the activation corrosion energy revealing a physical adsorption between the extract and the metal surface. The adsorption of the Annona squamosa extract followed Langmuir's adsorption isotherm. The inhibitive effect of Annona squamosa is ascribed to the presence of organic compounds in the extract. The examined extract is considered as non-cytotoxic substance.
Keywords: Plant extract; corrosion inhibitors; C38 steel; acidic media; adsorption
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Scotti, I. (2010). Adaptive potential in forest tree populations: what is it, and how can we measure it? Ann. For. Sci., 67(8), 801.
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Groc, S., Delabie, J. H. C., Longino, J. T., Orivel, J., Majer, J. D., Vasconcelos, H. L., et al. (2010). A new method based on taxonomic sufficiency to simplify studies on Neotropical ant assemblages. Biol. Conserv., 143(11), 2832–2839.
Abstract: Insects, particularly ants, are good bioindicators of the state of ecosystems. Nevertheless, incorporating them into conservation surveys is expensive due to problems associated with their identification, which is exacerbated by the fact that there are fewer and fewer taxonomists working today. “Taxonomic sufficiency” (TS), which identifies organisms to a level of taxonomic resolution sufficient enough to satisfy the objectives of a study, has never been applied to Neotropical ant communities. We analysed five Neotropical datasets representing ant assemblages collected with different sampling methods in various habitats. We first treated them using two complementary and cumulative TS methods, higher-taxon and “indicator taxa” surrogacies, before testing a new approach called “mixed-level method” that combines the two previous approaches. For the higher-taxon surrogacy, we showed that, above species, genus is the most informative taxonomic level. Then, mixed-level method provided more information on ant assemblages than did the two others, even though the “indicator taxa” surrogacy was based on relevant indicator genera. Although habitat type has no effect on its efficiency, this new method is influenced by the dataset structure and the type of sampling method used to collect data. We have thus developed a new method for analyzing Neotropical ant faunas that enables the taxonomic work linked to the identification of problematic species to be significantly reduced, while conserving most of the information on the ant assemblage. This method should enhance the work of Neotropical entomologists not specialised in taxonomy, particularly those concerned with biological conservation and indication. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Keywords: Higher-taxon surrogacy; “Indicator taxa” surrogacy; Multi-taxonomic assemblages; Mixed-level method; Terrestrial arthropod assemblages; Biodiversity indicators
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Bremaud, I., Minato, K., Langbour, P., & Thibaut, B. (2010). Physico-chemical indicators of inter-specific variability in vibration damping of wood. Ann. For. Sci., 67(7), 707.
Abstract: The vibration damping coefficient (tan delta) of wood is an important property for acoustical uses, including musical instruments. Current difficulties in the availability of some of the preferred species call for diversification, but this comes up against the lack of systematic damping coefficient data. Keeping in mind the possible factors affecting tans, could we predict its variations between species, by using indicators that are either easily measured and/or readily available for many species? Vibrational properties, equilibrium moisture content and colorimetric parameters were assessed on 94 wood types belonging to 76 species. Experimental results were then related to data on chemical contents and physical properties from the CIRAD database. The “standard” relationship between tan delta and specific modulus of elasticity (E'/rho) explained only half of the variations. Deviations from this trend were correlated to extractives content, yet effects were not directly quantitative. Damping deviations were also correlated to colour and moisture-related properties, especially so with fibre saturation point. By taking into account a combination of moisture-related properties, colour – or extractives content, and the “standard” relationship between tans and E'/rho, we could propose simple predictive models which explain up to 89% of observed variations in tan delta between 48 species.
Keywords: damping coefficient; diversity of woods; extractives; physical properties; vibrational properties
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Bremaud, I., Cabrolier, P., Gril, J., Clair, B., Gerard, J., Minato, K., et al. (2010). Identification of anisotropic vibrational properties of Padauk wood with interlocked grain (vol 44, pg 335, 2010). Wood Sci. Technol., 44(4), 705.
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Rodrigues, A. M. S., Theodoro, P. N. E. T., Eparvier, V., Basset, C., Silva, M. R. R., Beauchene, J., et al. (2010). Search for Antifungal Compounds from the Wood of Durable Tropical Trees. J. Nat. Prod., 73(10), 1706–1707.
Abstract: Research on antifungal compounds from the durable wood from French Guiana Amazonian forest trees highlights the correlation between the activity of their extracts against wood-rotting fungi and human pathogens. The fractionation of an ethyl acetate extract of Sextonia rubra wood led to the isolation of rubrenolide (1) and rubrynolide (2). The potential of compounds 1 and 2 is described through the evaluation of their activity against 16 pathogenic fungi and their cytotoxicity toward NIH-3T3 mammalian fibroblast cells.
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Baraloto, C., Paine, C. E. T., Poorter, L., Beauchene, J., Bonal, D., Domenach, A. M., et al. (2010). Decoupled leaf and stem economics in rain forest trees. Ecol. Lett., 13(11), 1338–1347.
Abstract: P>Cross-species analyses of plant functional traits have shed light on factors contributing to differences in performance and distribution, but to date most studies have focused on either leaves or stems. We extend these tissue-specific analyses of functional strategy towards a whole-plant approach by integrating data on functional traits for 13 448 leaves and wood tissues from 4672 trees representing 668 species of Neotropical trees. Strong correlations amongst traits previously defined as the leaf economics spectrum reflect a tradeoff between investments in productive leaves with rapid turnover vs. costly physical leaf structure with a long revenue stream. A second axis of variation, the 'stem economics spectrum', defines a similar tradeoff at the stem level: dense wood vs. high wood water content and thick bark. Most importantly, these two axes are orthogonal, suggesting that tradeoffs operate independently at the leaf and at the stem levels. By simplifying the multivariate ecological strategies of tropical trees into positions along these two spectra, our results provide a basis to improve global vegetation models predicting responses of tropical forests to global change.
Keywords: Functional diversity; leaf economics; multiple factor analysis; plant strategies; plant traits; tropical forest; wood density
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Vantaux, A., Roux, O., Magro, A., Ghomsi, N. T., Gordon, R. D., Dejean, A., et al. (2010). Host-Specific Myrmecophily and Myrmecophagy in the Tropical Coccinellid Diomus thoracicus in French Guiana. Biotropica, 42(5), 622–629.
Abstract: A variety of arthropods, particularly insects, have developed myrmecophilous interactions with ants to gain access to resources and/or for protection. Among these myrmecophiles, only a few examples have been documented in the Coccinellidae, most of them involving species able to feed on ant-tended Hemiptera. We report here a new case of obligate myrmecophily in the coccinellid Diomus thoracicus. Larvae are invariably and exclusively found in the nests of the ant Wasmannia auropunctata and seem to rely on ant brood as their only food source. Not only do ant workers show no aggressiveness toward the D. thoracicus larvae in their behavioral interactions at the colonial level, but also at the species level; while coccinellid adults are always attacked. The integration of the larvae inside of the ant nests is based on their chemical mimicry of the host's cuticular cues. Therefore, given the presence of the D. thoracicus larvae inside of the ant's nest, their predation on Wasmannia brood and their chemical mimicry, this species can be considered a specific parasite of W. auropunctata. Overall, this new case of myrmecophily not only specifically involves a highly invasive ant species, but also provides insights into the evolution of myrmecophily and myrmecophagy in coccinellids.
Keywords: ants; ladybird; mimicry; parasite; Wasmannia auropunctata
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