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Gonzalès-Melo, Andrès ; Posada, Juan Manuel ; Beauchêne, Jacques ; Lehnebach, Romain ; Leviennois, Sébastien ; Rivera, Katherine ; Clair, Bruno |
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Radial variations in wood functional traits in a rain forest from eastern Amazonia |
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Journal Article |
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2021 |
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Trees |
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36 |
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569–581 |
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Trees can modify their wood structure in response to changes in mechanical, hydraulic and storage demands during their life-cycles. Thus, examining radial variations in wood traits is important to expand our knowledge of tree functioning and species ecological strategies. Yet, several aspects of radial changes in wood functional traits are still poorly understood, especially in angiosperm trees from tropical humid forests. Here, we examined radial shifts in wood traits in trunks of tropical forest species and explored their potential ecological implications. We first examined radial variations in wood specific gravity (WSG). Then, we asked what anatomical traits drove radial variations in WSG, and whether WSG, vessel fraction and specific hydraulic conductivity vary independently from each other along the radius gradients. We measured WSG and eight wood anatomical traits, at different radial positions along the trunks, in 19 tree species with contrasting shade-tolerance from a lowland tropical forest in eastern Amazonia. Most species had significant radials shifts in WSG. Positive radial gradients in WSG (i.e., increments from pith to bark) were common among shade-intolerant species and were explained by different combinations of fiber and parenchyma traits, while negative radial shifts in WSG (e.g., decreases towards the bark) were present in shade-tolerants, but were generally weakly related to anatomical traits. We also found that, in general, WSG was unrelated to vessel fraction and specific hydraulic conductivity in any radial position. This study illustrates the contrasting radial variations in wood functional traits that occur in tree species from a humid lowland tropical forest. In particular, our results provide valuable insights into the anatomical traits driving WSG variations during tree development. These insights are important to expand our knowledge on tree ecological strategies by providing evidence on how wood allocation varies as trees grow, which in turn can be useful in studying trait-demography associations, and in estimating tree above-ground biomass. |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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1037 |
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Schmitt, Sylvain ; Raevel, Valérie ; Réjou-Méchain, Maxime ; Ayyappan, Narayanan ; Balachandran, Natesan ; Barathan, Narayanan ; Rajashekar, Gopalakrishnan ; Munoz, François |
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Canopy and understorey tree guilds respond differently to the environment in an Indian rain forest |
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Journal Article |
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2021 |
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Journal of Végétation Science |
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32 |
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5 |
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e13075 |
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Questions Changes in the functional composition of tree communities along resource availability gradients have received attention, but it is unclear whether understorey and canopy guilds respond similarly to different light, biomechanical, and hydraulic constraints. Location An anthropically undisturbed, old-growth wet evergreen dipterocarp forest plot located in Karnataka State, India. Methods We measured leaf and wood traits of 89 tree species representing 99% of all individuals in a 10-ha permanent plot with varying topographic and canopy conditions inferred from Light Detection And Ranging (LiDAR) data. We assigned tree species to guilds of canopy and understorey species and assessed the variation of the guild-weighted means of functional-trait values with canopy height and topography. Results The functional-trait space did not differ between canopy and understorey tree species. However, environmental filtering led to significantly different functional composition of canopy and understorey guild assemblages. Furthermore, they responded differently along environmental gradients related to water, nutrients, light, and wind exposure. For example, the canopy guild responded to wind exposure while the understorey guild did not. Conclusions The pools of understorey and canopy species are functionally similar. However, fine-scale environmental heterogeneity impacts differently on these two guilds, generating striking differences in functional composition between understorey and canopy guild assemblages. Accounting for vertical guilds improves our understanding of forest communities' assembly processes. |
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International Association for Vegetation Science |
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1038 |
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Guzman, Laura Melissa ; Trzcinski, M. Kurtis ; Barberis, Ignacio M. ; Cereghino, Régis ; Srivastava, Diane S. ; Gilbert Benjamin ; Pillar, Valerio D. ; de Omena, Paula M. ; MacDonald, A. Andrew M. ; Corbara, Bruno ; Leroy, Celine ; Bautista, Fabiola Ospina ; Romero, Gustavo Q. ; Kratina, Pavel ; Debastiani, Vanderlei J. ; Gonialves, Ana Z. ; Marino, Nicholas A.C. ; Farjalla, Vinicius F. ; Richardson, Barbara A. ; Richardson, Michael J. ; Dézerald, Olivier ; Piccoli, Gustavo, C. O. ; Jocqué, Merlijn ; Montero, Guillermo |
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Climate influences the response of community functional traits to local conditions in bromeliad invertebrate communities |
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2021 |
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Ecography |
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44 |
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3 |
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440-452 |
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Functional traits determine an organism's performance in a given environment and as such determine which organisms will be found where. Species respond to local conditions, but also to larger scale gradients, such as climate. Trait ecology links these responses of species to community composition and species distributions. Yet, we often do not know which environmental gradients are most important in determining community trait composition at either local or biogeographical scales, or their interaction. Here we quantify the relative contribution of local and climatic conditions to the structure and composition of functional traits found within bromeliad invertebrate communities. We conclude that climate explains more variation in invertebrate trait composition within bromeliads than does local conditions. Importantly, climate mediated the response of traits to local conditions; for example, invertebrates with benthic life-history traits increased with bromeliad water volume only under certain precipitation regimes. Our ability to detect this and other patterns hinged on the compilation of multiple fine-grained datasets, allowing us to contrast the effect of climate versus local conditions. We suggest that, in addition to sampling communities at local scales, we need to aggregate studies that span large ranges in climate variation in order to fully understand trait filtering at local, regional and global scales. |
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Nordic Society OIKOS |
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1013 |
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Agrawal, Anurag A. ; Boroczky, Katalin ; Haribal, Meena ; Hastings, Amy P. ; White, Ronald, A. ; Jiang, Ren-Wang ; Duplais, Christophe |
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Cardenolides, toxicity, and the costs of sequestration in the coevolutionary interaction between monarchs and milkweeds |
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2021 |
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PNAS |
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118 |
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16 |
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e2024463118 |
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For highly specialized insect herbivores, plant chemical defenses are often co-opted as cues for oviposition and sequestration. In such interactions, can plants evolve novel defenses, pushing herbivores to trade off benefits of specialization with costs of coping with toxins? We tested how variation in milkweed toxins (cardenolides) impacted monarch butterfly ( Danaus plexippus ) growth, sequestration, and oviposition when consuming tropical milkweed ( Asclepias curassavica ), one of two critical host plants worldwide. The most abundant leaf toxin, highly apolar and thiazolidine ring–containing voruscharin, accounted for 40% of leaf cardenolides, negatively predicted caterpillar growth, and was not sequestered. Using whole plants and purified voruscharin, we show that monarch caterpillars convert voruscharin to calotropin and calactin in vivo, imposing a burden on growth. As shown by in vitro experiments, this conversion is facilitated by temperature and alkaline pH. We next employed toxin-target site experiments with isolated cardenolides and the monarch’s neural Na + /K + -ATPase, revealing that voruscharin is highly inhibitory compared with several standards and sequestered cardenolides. The monarch’s typical >50-fold enhanced resistance to cardenolides compared with sensitive animals was absent for voruscharin, suggesting highly specific plant defense. Finally, oviposition was greatest on intermediate cardenolide plants, supporting the notion of a trade-off between benefits and costs of sequestration for this highly specialized herbivore. There is apparently ample opportunity for continued coevolution between monarchs and milkweeds, although the diffuse nature of the interaction, due to migration and interaction with multiple milkweeds, may limit the ability of monarchs to counteradapt. |
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National Academy of Sciences |
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1014 |
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Coutant, Opale ; Richard-Hansen, Cecile ; de Thoisy, Benoit ; Decotte, Jean-Baptiste ; Valentini, Alice ; Dejean, Tony ; Vigouroux, Régis ; Murienne, Jérôme ; Brosse, Sébastien |
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Amazonian mammal monitoring using aquatic environmental DNA |
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2021 |
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Molecular Ecology Resources |
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21 |
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6 |
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1875-1888 |
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Environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding has emerged as one of the most efficient methods to assess aquatic species presence. While the method can in theory be used to investigate nonaquatic fauna, its development for inventorying semi-aquatic and terrestrial fauna is still at an early stage. Here we investigated the potential of aquatic eDNA metabarcoding for inventorying mammals in Neotropical environments, be they aquatic, semi-aquatic or terrestrial. We collected aquatic eDNA in 96 sites distributed along three Guianese watersheds and compared our inventories to expected species distributions and field observations derived from line transects located throughout French Guiana. Species occurrences and emblematic mammalian fauna richness patterns were consistent with the expected distribution of fauna and our results revealed that aquatic eDNA metabarcoding brings additional data to line transect samples for diurnal nonaquatic (terrestrial and arboreal) species. Aquatic eDNA also provided data on species not detectable in line transect surveys such as semi-aquatic, aquatic and nocturnal terrestrial and arboreal species. Although the application of eDNA to inventory mammals still needs some developments to optimize sampling efficiency, it can now be used as a complement to traditional surveys. |
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Wiley |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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1015 |
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Sellan, G. ; Brearley, FQ. ; Nilus, R. ; Ttin, J. ; Majalap-Lee, N. |
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Differences in soil properties among contrasting soil types in Northern Borneo |
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2021 |
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Journal of Tropical Forest Science |
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33 |
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2 |
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191-202 |
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Soil in the tropics is high in diversity, and despite the diversity of Borneo’s forest–soil associations, there is a paucity of data on its soil properties. We investigated the differences between three soil types in the Kabili–Sepilok Forest Reserve, Sabah, Malaysia, encompassing the contrasting alluvial, sandstone and heath forest typologies. We examined the distribution of nutrients between soil types and through soil depths, and assessed the extent of spatial autocorrelation in the three soil types. We confirmed the fertility gradient from alluvial to heath forest soil found by others. Soil elemental concentrations declined in deeper horizons with the exception of exchangeable sodium and aluminium that remained constant through alluvial and sandstone soil profiles. Spatial autocorrelation was present in all three soil types and strongest in the sandstone soil. Overall, we show how bedrock, erosion, leaching and topography influence soil properties across this mosaic of soil types and note their importance in influencing tree communities and their ecological functioning. |
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FOREST RESEARCH INST MALAYSIA |
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0128-1283 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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1017 |
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Schmitt, Sylvain ; Derroire, Géraldine ; Tysklind, Niklas ; Heuertz, Myriam ; Hérault, Bruno |
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Topography shapes the local coexistence of tree species within species complexes of Neotropical forests |
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2021 |
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Oecologia |
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196 |
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389-398 |
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Forest inventories in Amazonia include around 5000 described tree species belonging to more than 800 genera. Numerous species-rich genera share genetic variation among species because of recent speciation and/or recurrent hybridisation, forming species complexes. Despite the key role that tree species complexes play in understanding Neotropical diversification, and their need to exploit a diversity of niches, little is known about the mechanisms that allow local coexistence of tree species complexes and their species in sympatry. In this study, we explored the fine-scale distribution of five tree species complexes and 22 species within these complexes. Combining forest inventories, botanical determination, and LiDAR-derived topographic data over 120 ha of permanent plots in French Guiana, we used a Bayesian modelling framework to test the role of fine-scale topographic wetness and tree neighbourhood on the occurrence of species complexes and the relative distribution of species within complexes. Species complexes of Neotropical trees were widely spread across the topographic wetness gradient at the local scale. Species within complexes showed pervasive niche differentiation along with topographic wetness and competition gradients. Similar patterns of species-specific habitat preferences were observed within several species complexes: species more tolerant to competition for resources grow in drier and less fertile plateaus and slopes. If supported by partial reproductive isolation of species and adaptive introgression at the species complex level, our results suggest that both species-specific habitat specialisation within species complexes and the broad ecological distribution of species complexes might explain the success of these species complexes at the regional scale. |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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1018 |
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Campos Barros, Luisa Antonia ; Chaul, Julio Cezar Mario ; Orivel, Jérome ; Cardoso de Aguiar, Hilton Jeferson Alves |
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Cytogenetics of Strumigenys louisianae Roger, 1863 (Formicidae: Myrmicinae) from North-eastern Amazonia shed light on a difficult species complex |
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2021 |
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Zoologischer Anzeiger |
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294 |
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100-105 |
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Cytogenetic techniques provide powerful insights on species-rich taxa–such as ants–allowing better understanding of their biodiversity. Some hints on evolutionary paths can be observed through comparative populational cytogenetics among different ant groups. In this study, the karyotype of Strumigenys louisianae Roger from the Amazon rainforest is described and showed diploid chromosome number of 26 chromosomes. This configuration intriguingly contrasts with the already described karyotype for this species from the Atlantic rainforest with only 2n = 4 chromosomes. 18S rDNA site were detected on the pericentromeric region of the long arm of a metacentric pair and co-localizing with GC-rich chromatin. Recurrent synonymizations of S. louisianae may not reflect the species status of this taxon. The karyotypic differences and the observable morphological variation between the populations of both localities corroborates the idea of a species complex within S. louisianae. The morphology of S. louisianae from the Amazonian region is similar to that from the United States, the type locality. On the other hand, specimens from the Atlantic rainforest are more similar to the junior synonym Strumigenys unidentata Mayr. This study reinforces the need of taxonomical revision in S. louisianae by means of integrative taxonomy approaches. |
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Elsevier |
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1028 |
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Picard, Nicolas ; Mortier, Frédéric ; Ploton, Pierre ; Liang, Jingjing ; Derroire, Géraldine ; Bastin, Jean-François ; Ayyappan, Narayanan ; Bénédet, Fabrice ; Bosela, Faustin Boyemba ; Clark, Connie J. ; Crowther, Thomas W. ; Obiang, Nestor Laurier Engone ; Forni, Eric ; Harris, David ; Ngomanda, Alfred ; Poulsen, John R. ; Sonké, Bonaventure ; Couteron, Pierre ; Gourley-Fleury, Sylvie |
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Using Model Analysis to Unveil Hidden Patterns in Tropical Forest structures |
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2021 |
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Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution |
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9 |
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599200 |
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When ordinating plots of tropical rain forests using stand-level structural attributes such as biomass, basal area and the number of trees in different size classes, two patterns often emerge: a gradient from poorly to highly stocked plots and high positive correlations between biomass, basal area and the number of large trees. These patterns are inherited from the demographics (growth, mortality and recruitment) and size allometry of trees and tend to obscure other patterns, such as site differences among plots, that would be more informative for inferring ecological processes. Using data from 133 rain forest plots at nine sites for which site differences are known, we aimed to filter out these patterns in forest structural attributes to unveil a hidden pattern. Using a null model framework, we generated the anticipated pattern inherited from individual allometric patterns. We then evaluated deviations between the data (observations) and predictions of the null model. Ordination of the deviations revealed site differences that were not evident in the ordination of observations. These sites differences could be related to different histories of large-scale forest disturbance. By filtering out patterns inherited from individuals, our model analysis provides more information on ecological processes |
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Frontiers Media |
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1029 |
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Vleminckx, Jason ; Fortunel, Claire ; Valverde-Barrantes, Oscar ; Paine, C.E. Timothy ; Engel, Julien ; Petronelli, Pascal ; Dourdain, Aurélie K. ; Guevara, Juan ; Béroujon, Solène ; Baraloto, Christophier |
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Resolving whole-plant economics from leaf, stem and root traits of 1467 Amazonian tree species |
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2021 |
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Oikos |
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130 |
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7 |
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1193-1208 |
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It remains unclear how evolutionary and ecological processes have shaped the wide variety of plant life strategies, especially in highly diverse ecosystems like tropical forests. Some evidence suggests that species have diversified across a gradient of ecological strategies, with different plant tissues converging to optimize resource use across environmental gradients. Alternative hypotheses propose that species have diversified following independent selection on different tissues, resulting in a decoupling of trait syndromes across organs. To shed light on the subject, we assembled an unprecedented dataset combining 19 leaf, stem and root traits for 1467 tropical tree species inventoried across 71 0.1-ha plots spanning broad environmental gradients in French Guiana. Nearly 50% of the overall functional heterogeneity was expressed along four orthogonal dimensions, after accounting for phylogenetic dependences among species. The first dimension related to fine root functioning, while the second and third dimensions depicted two decoupled leaf economics spectra, and the fourth dimension encompassed a wood economics spectrum. Traits involved in orthogonal functional strategies, five leaf traits in particular but also trunk bark thickness, were consistently associated with a same gradient of soil texture and nutrient availability. Root traits did not show any significant association with edaphic variation, possibly because of the prevailing influence of other factors (mycorrhizal symbiosis, phylogenetic constraints). Our study emphasises the existence of multiple functional dimensions that allow tropical tree species to optimize their performance in a given environment, bringing new insights into the debate around the presence of a whole plant economic spectrum in tropical forest tree communities. It also emphasizes the key role that soil heterogeneity plays in shaping tree species assembly. The extent to which different organs are decoupled and respond to environmental gradients may also help to improve our predictions of species distribution changes in responses to habitat modification and environmental changes. |
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Nordic Society OIKOS |
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Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| |
Notes |
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Approved |
no |
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| |
Call Number |
EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
Serial |
1030 |
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| Permanent link to this record |
