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Maurice, L.; López, F.; Becerra, S.; Jamhoury, H.; Le Menach, K.; Dévier, M.-H.; Budzinski, H.; Prunier, J.; Juteau-Martineau, G.; Ochoa-Herrera, V.; Quiroga, D.; Schreck, E. |
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Title |
Drinking water quality in areas impacted by oil activities in Ecuador: Associated health risks and social perception of human exposure |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2019 |
Publication |
Science of the Total Environment |
Abbreviated Journal |
Sci. Total Environ. |
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Volume |
690 |
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Pages |
1203-1217 |
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Keywords |
Demineralized waters; Domestic waters; Hydrocarbons; Metal(loid)s; Oil activities; Social risk perception; Benzene refining; Health; Health risks; Hydrocarbons; Petroleum refineries; Petroleum refining; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; Potable water; Risk assessment; Risk perception; Toluene; Trace elements; Water quality; Water wells; Zinc; Arsenic concentration; Demineralized water; Domestic water; Information sources; Living conditions; Microbiological analysis; Natural backgrounds; Oil activities; Water distribution systems |
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The unregulated oil exploitation in the Northern Ecuadorian Amazon Region (NEAR), mainly from 1964 to the 90's, led to toxic compounds largely released into the environment. A large majority of people living in the Amazon region have no access to drinking water distribution systems and collects water from rain, wells or small streams. The concentrations of major ions, trace elements, PAHs (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) and BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylenes) were analyzed in different water sources to evaluate the impacts of oil extraction and refining. Samples were taken from the NEAR and around the main refinery of the country (Esmeraldas Oil Refinery/State Oil Company of Ecuador) and were compared with domestic waters from the Southern region, not affected by petroleum activities. In most of the samples, microbiological analysis revealed a high level of coliforms representing significant health risks. All measured chemical compounds in waters were in line with national and international guidelines, except for manganese, zinc and aluminum. In several deep-water wells, close to oil camps, toluene concentrations were higher than the natural background while PAHs concentrations never exceeded individually 2 ng·L−1. Water ingestion represented 99% of the total exposure pathways for carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic elements (mainly zinc) in adults and children, while 20% to 49% of the Total Cancer Risk was caused by arsenic concentrations. The health index (HI) indicates acceptable chronic effects for domestic use according the US-EPA thresholds. Nevertheless, these limits do not consider the cocktail effects of metallic and organic compounds. Furthermore, they do not include the social determinants of human exposure, such as socio-economic living conditions or vulnerability. Most (72%) of interviewed families knew sanitary risks but a discrepancy was observed between knowledge and action: religious beliefs, cultural patterns, information sources, experience and emotions play an important role front to exposure. © 2019 |
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Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel HillNC 2759, United States |
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Elsevier B.V. |
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00489697 (Issn) |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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877 |
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Aubry-Kientz, M.; Rossi, V.; Cornu, G.; Wagner, F.; Herault, B. |
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Title |
Temperature rising would slow down tropical forest dynamic in the Guiana Shield |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2019 |
Publication |
Scientific Reports |
Abbreviated Journal |
Sci. Rep. |
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Volume |
9 |
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10235 |
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Keywords |
article; biomass; climate change; controlled study; diagnostic test accuracy study; driver; human; joint; mortality rate; precipitation; prediction; sensitivity analysis; simulation; statistics; tree growth; tropical rain forest; water stress |
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Increasing evidence shows that the functioning of the tropical forest biome is intimately related to the climate variability with some variables such as annual precipitation, temperature or seasonal water stress identified as key drivers of ecosystem dynamics. How tropical tree communities will respond to the future climate change is hard to predict primarily because several demographic processes act together to shape the forest ecosystem general behavior. To overcome this limitation, we used a joint individual-based model to simulate, over the next century, a tropical forest community experiencing the climate change expected in the Guiana Shield. The model is climate dependent: temperature, precipitation and water stress are used as predictors of the joint growth and mortality rates. We ran simulations for the next century using predictions of the IPCC 5AR, building three different climate scenarios (optimistic RCP2.6, intermediate, pessimistic RCP8.5) and a control (current climate). The basal area, above-ground fresh biomass, quadratic diameter, tree growth and mortality rates were then computed as summary statistics to characterize the resulting forest ecosystem. Whatever the scenario, all ecosystem process and structure variables exhibited decreasing values as compared to the control. A sensitivity analysis identified the temperature as the strongest climate driver of this behavior, highlighting a possible temperature-driven drop of 40% in average forest growth. This conclusion is alarming, as temperature rises have been consensually predicted by all climate scenarios of the IPCC 5AR. Our study highlights the potential slow-down danger that tropical forests will face in the Guiana Shield during the next century. © 2019, The Author(s). |
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Institut National Polytechnique Félix Houphouët-Boigny (INP-HB), Yamoussoukro, Cote d'Ivoire |
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Nature Publishing Group |
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20452322 (Issn) |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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878 |
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Vleminckx, J.; Schimann, H.; Decaëns, T.; Fichaux, M.; Vedel, V.; Jaouen, G.; Roy, M.; Lapied, E.; Engel, J.; Dourdain, A.; Petronelli, P.; Orivel, J.; Baraloto, C. |
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Title |
Coordinated community structure among trees, fungi and invertebrate groups in Amazonian rainforests |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2019 |
Publication |
Scientific Reports |
Abbreviated Journal |
Sci. Rep. |
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Volume |
9 |
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11337 |
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Little is known regarding how trophic interactions shape community assembly in tropical forests. Here we assess multi-taxonomic community assembly rules using a rare standardized coordinated inventory comprising exhaustive surveys of five highly-diverse taxonomic groups exerting key ecological functions: trees, fungi, earthworms, ants and spiders. We sampled 36 1.9-ha plots from four remote locations in French Guiana including precise soil measurements, and we tested whether species turnover was coordinated among groups across geographic and edaphic gradients. All species group pairs exhibited significant compositional associations that were independent from soil conditions. For some of the pairs, associations were also partly explained by soil properties, especially soil phosphorus availability. Our study provides evidence for coordinated turnover among taxonomic groups beyond simple relationships with environmental factors, thereby refining our understanding regarding the nature of interactions occurring among these ecologically important groups. © 2019, The Author(s). |
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CIRAD, UMR Ecologie des Forêts de Guyane, Campus agronomique, BP 316, Kourou Cedex, 97379, France |
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Nature Publishing Group |
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20452322 (Issn) |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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879 |
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Richard-Hansen, C.; Davy, D.; Longin, G.; Gaillard, L.; Renoux, F.; Grenand, P.; Rinaldo, R. |
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Title |
Hunting in French Guiana Across Time, Space and Livelihoods |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2019 |
Publication |
Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution |
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7 |
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289 |
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Hunting sustainability in Amazonian ecosystems is a key challenge for modern stakeholders. Predictive models have evolved from first mostly biological data-based to more recent modelling including human behavior. We analyze here the hunting data collected in French Guiana through a panel of indices aiming at drawing the puzzle of parameters influencing hunting activity and impact in various socio ecological conditions across the country. Data were collected from five different study sites differing in cultural origins and remoteness from market economy, and over a ten years period. Most indices show an impact on wildlife populations, and using a full set of indicators allowed us to better understand some underlying mechanisms that lead to a community’s hunting profile. The results showed that there are noticeable differences between the study sites in the practices and the ways hunters face the changes in environment and resources availability |
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2296-701x |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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880 |
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Clair, B.; Ghislain, B.; Prunier, J.; Lehnebach, R.; Beauchene, J.; Alméras, T. |
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Mechanical contribution of secondary phloem to postural control in trees: the bark side of the force |
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Journal Article |
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2019 |
Publication |
New Phytologist |
Abbreviated Journal |
New Phytol |
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221 |
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1 |
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209-217 |
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bark; Malvaceae; maturation stress; secondary phloem; tree biomechanics |
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Summary To grow straight, plants need a motor system that controls posture by generating forces to offset gravity. This motor function in trees was long thought to be only controlled by internal forces induced in wood. Here we provide evidence that bark is involved in the generation of mechanical stresses in several tree species. Saplings of nine tropical species were grown tilted and staked in a shadehouse and the change in curvature of the stem was measured after releasing from the pole and after removing the bark. This first experiment evidenced the contribution of bark in the up-righting movement of tree stems. Combined mechanical measurements of released strains on adult trees and microstructural observations in both transverse and longitudinal/tangential plane enabled us to identify the mechanism responsible for the development of asymmetric mechanical stress in the bark of stems of these species. This mechanism does not result from cell wall maturation like in wood, or from the direct action of turgor pressure like in unlignified organs, but is the consequence of the interaction between wood radial pressure and a smartly organized trellis structure in the inner bark. |
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John Wiley & Sons, Ltd (10.1111) |
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0028-646x |
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doi: 10.1111/nph.15375 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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853 |
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Ciminera, M.; Auger-Rozenberg, M.-A.; Caron, H.; Herrera, M.; Scotti-Saintagne, C.; Scotti, I.; Tysklind, N.; Roques, A. |
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Title |
Genetic Variation and Differentiation of Hylesia metabus (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae): Moths of Public Health Importance in French Guiana and in Venezuela |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2019 |
Publication |
Journal of medical entomology |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Med. Entomol. |
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Volume |
56 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
137-148 |
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Hylesia moths impact human health in South America, inducing epidemic outbreaks of lepidopterism, a puriginous dermatitis caused by the urticating properties of females' abdominal setae. The classification of the Hylesia genus is complex, owing to its high diversity in Amazonia, high intraspecific morphological variance, and lack of interspecific diagnostic traits which may hide cryptic species. Outbreaks of Hylesia metabus have been considered responsible for the intense outbreaks of lepidopterism in Venezuela and French Guiana since the C20, however, little is known about genetic variability throughout the species range, which is instrumental for establishing control strategies on H. metabus. Seven microsatellites and mitochondrial gene markers were analyzed from Hylesia moths collected from two major lepidopterism outbreak South American regions. The mitochondrial gene sequences contained significant genetic variation, revealing a single, widespread, polymorphic species with distinct clusters, possibly corresponding to populations evolving in isolation. The microsatellite markers validated the mitochondrial results, and suggest the presence of three populations: one in Venezuela, and two in French Guiana. All moths sampled during outbreak events in French Guiana were assigned to a single coastal population. The causes and implications of this finding require further research. |
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INRA, Unité de Recherche Ecologie des forêts méditerranéennes, Avignon, UR629, France |
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NLM (Medline) |
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19382928 (Issn) |
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Export Date: 1 February 2019 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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857 |
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Bodin, S.C.; Scheel-Ybert, R.; Beauchene, J.; Molino, J.-F.; Bremond, L. |
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Title |
CharKey: An electronic identification key for wood charcoals of French Guiana |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2019 |
Publication |
IAWA Journal |
Abbreviated Journal |
Iawa J. |
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Volume |
40 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
75-91 |
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Keywords |
anthracology; Charcoal anatomy; computeraided identification; Note: Supplementary material can be accessed in the online edition of this journal via brill.com/iawa.; tropical flora; Xper 2 |
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Tropical tree floras are highly diverse and many genera and species share similar anatomical patterns, making the identification of tropical wood charcoal very difficult. Appropriate tools to characterize charcoal anatomy are thus needed to facilitate and improve identification in such species-rich areas. This paper presents the first computer-aided identification key designed for charcoals from French Guiana, based on the wood anatomy of 507 species belonging to 274 genera and 71 families, which covers respectively 28%, 67% and 86% of the tree species, genera and families currently listed in this part of Amazonia. Species of the same genus are recorded together except those described under a synonym genus in Détienne et al. (1982) that were kept separately. As a result, the key contains 289 'items' and mostly aims to identify charcoals at the genus level. It records 26 anatomical features leading to 112 feature states, almost all of which are illustrated by SEM photographs of charcoal. The descriptions were mostly taken from Détienne et al.'s guidebook on tropical woods of French Guiana (1982) and follow the IAWA list of microscopic features for hardwood identification (Wheeler et al. 1989). Some adjustments were made to a few features and those that are unrelated to charcoal identification were excluded. The whole tool, named CharKey, contains the key itself and the associated database including photographs. It can be downloaded on Figshare at https://figshare.com/s/d7d40060b53d2ad60389 (doi: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6396005). CharKey is accessible using the free software Xper 2 , specifically conceived for taxonomic description and computer aided-identification. |
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Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, PSL Research University, Paris, France |
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Brill Academic Publishers |
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09281541 (Issn) |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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864 |
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Ter Steege, H.; Henkel, T.W.; Helal, N.; Marimon, B.S.; Marimon-Junior, B.H.; Huth, A.; Groeneveld, J.; Sabatier, D.; Coelho, L.S.; Filho, D.A.L.; Salomão, R.P.; Amaral, I.L.; Matos, F.D.A.; Castilho, C.V.; Phillips, O.L.; Guevara, J.E.; Carim, M.J.V.; Cárdenas López, D.; Magnusson, W.E.; Wittmann, F.; Irume, M.V.; Martins, M.P.; Guimarães, J.R.D.S.; Molino, J.-F.; Bánki, O.S.; Piedade, M.T.F.; Pitman, N.C.A.; Mendoza, A.M.; Ramos, J.F.; Luize, B.G.; Moraes de Leão Novo, E.M.; Núñez Vargas, P.; Silva, T.S.F.; Venticinque, E.M.; Manzatto, A.G.; Reis, N.F.C.; Terborgh, J.; Casula, K.R.; Honorio Coronado, E.N.; Montero, J.C.; Feldpausch, T.R.; Duque, A.; Costa, F.R.C.; Arboleda, N.C.; Schöngart, J.; Killeen, T.J.; Vasquez, R.; Mostacedo, B.; Demarchi, L.O.; Assis, R.L.; Baraloto, C.; Engel, J.; Petronelli, P.; Castellanos, H.; de Medeiros, M.B.; Quaresma, A.; Simon, M.F.; Andrade, A.; Camargo, J.L.; Laurance, S.G.W.; Laurance, W.F.; Rincón, L.M.; Schietti, J.; Sousa, T.R.; de Sousa Farias, E.; Lopes, M.A.; Magalhães, J.L.L.; Mendonça Nascimento, H.E.; Lima de Queiroz, H.; Aymard C, G.A.; Brienen, R.; Revilla, J.D.C.; Vieira, I.C.G.; Cintra, B.B.L.; Stevenson, P.R.; Feitosa, Y.O.; Duivenvoorden, J.F.; Mogollón, H.F.; Araujo-Murakami, A.; Ferreira, L.V.; Lozada, J.R.; Comiskey, J.A.; de Toledo, J.J.; Damasco, G.; Dávila, N.; Draper, F.; García-Villacorta, R.; Lopes, A.; Vicentini, A.; Alonso, A.; Dallmeier, F.; Gomes, V.H.F.; Lloyd, J.; Neill, D.; de Aguiar, D.P.P.; Arroyo, L.; Carvalho, F.A.; de Souza, F.C.; do Amaral, D.D.; Feeley, K.J.; Gribel, R.; Pansonato, M.P.; Barlow, J.; Berenguer, E.; Ferreira, J.; Fine, P.V.A.; Guedes, M.C.; Jimenez, E.M.; Licona, J.C.; Peñuela Mora, M.C.; Villa, B.; Cerón, C.; Maas, P.; Silveira, M.; Stropp, J.; Thomas, R.; Baker, T.R.; Daly, D.; Dexter, K.G.; Huamantupa-Chuquimaco, I.; Milliken, W.; Pennington, T.; Ríos Paredes, M.; Fuentes, A.; Klitgaard, B.; Pena, J.L.M.; Peres, C.A.; Silman, M.R.; Tello, J.S.; Chave, J.; Cornejo Valverde, F.; Di Fiore, A.; Hilário, R.R.; Phillips, J.F.; Rivas-Torres, G.; van Andel, T.R.; von Hildebrand, P.; Noronha, J.C.; Barbosa, E.M.; Barbosa, F.R.; de Matos Bonates, L.C.; Carpanedo, R.S.; Dávila Doza, H.P.; Fonty, É.; GómeZárate Z, R.; Gonzales, T.; Gallardo Gonzales, G.P.; Hoffman, B.; Junqueira, A.B.; Malhi, Y.; Miranda, I.P.A.; Pinto, L.F.M.; Prieto, A.; Rodrigues, D.J.; Rudas, A.; Ruschel, A.R.; Silva, N.; Vela, C.I.A.; Vos, V.A.; Zent, E.L.; Zent, S.; Weiss Albuquerque, B.; Cano, A.; Carrero Márquez, Y.A.; Correa, D.F.; Costa, J.B.P.; Flores, B.M.; Galbraith, D.; Holmgren, M.; Kalamandeen, M.; Nascimento, M.T.; Oliveira, A.A.; Ramirez-Angulo, H.; Rocha, M.; Scudeller, V.V.; Sierra, R.; Tirado, M.; Umaña Medina, M.N.; van der Heijden, G.; Vilanova Torre, E.; Vriesendorp, C.; Wang, O.; Young, K.R.; Ahuite Reategui, M.A.; Baider, C.; Balslev, H.; Cárdenas, S.; Casas, L.F.; Farfan-Rios, W.; Ferreira, C.; Linares-Palomino, R.; Mendoza, C.; Mesones, I.; Torres-Lezama, A.; Giraldo, L.E.U.; Villarroel, D.; Zagt, R.; Alexiades, M.N.; de Oliveira, E.A.; Garcia-Cabrera, K.; Hernandez, L.; Palacios Cuenca, W.; Pansini, S.; Pauletto, D.; Ramirez Arevalo, F.; Sampaio, A.F.; Sandoval, E.H.V.; Valenzuela Gamarra, L.; Levesley, A.; Pickavance, G.; Melgaço, K. |
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Title |
Rarity of monodominance in hyperdiverse Amazonian forests |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2019 |
Publication |
Scientific reports |
Abbreviated Journal |
Scientific reports |
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Volume |
9 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
13822 |
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Abstract |
Tropical forests are known for their high diversity. Yet, forest patches do occur in the tropics where a single tree species is dominant. Such “monodominant” forests are known from all of the main tropical regions. For Amazonia, we sampled the occurrence of monodominance in a massive, basin-wide database of forest-inventory plots from the Amazon Tree Diversity Network (ATDN). Utilizing a simple defining metric of at least half of the trees over 10cm diameter belonging to one species, we found only a few occurrences of monodominance in Amazonia, and the phenomenon was not significantly linked to previously hypothesized life history traits such wood density, seed mass, ectomycorrhizal associations, or Rhizobium nodulation. In our analysis, coppicing (the formation of sprouts at the base of the tree or on roots) was the only trait significantly linked to monodominance. While at specific locales coppicing or ectomycorrhizal associations may confer a considerable advantage to a tree species and lead to its monodominance, very few species have these traits. Mining of the ATDN dataset suggests that monodominance is quite rare in Amazonia, and may be linked primarily to edaphic factors. |
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Department of Biology, University of Missouri, St. Louis, MO, 63121, USA |
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Export Date: 7 October 2019 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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887 |
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Esquivel-Muelbert, A.; Baker, T.R.; Dexter, K.G.; Lewis, S.L.; Brienen, R.J.W.; Feldpausch, T.R.; Lloyd, J.; Monteagudo-Mendoza, A.; Arroyo, L.; Álvarez-Dávila, E.; Higuchi, N.; Marimon, B.S.; Marimon-Junior, B.H.; Silveira, M.; Vilanova, E.; Gloor, E.; Malhi, Y.; Chave, J.; Barlow, J.; Bonal, D.; Davila Cardozo, N.; Erwin, T.; Fauset, S.; Hérault, B.; Laurance, S.; Poorter, L.; Qie, L.; Stahl, C.; Sullivan, M.J.P.; ter Steege, H.; Vos, V.A.; Zuidema, P.A.; Almeida, E.; Almeida de Oliveira, E.; Andrade, A.; Vieira, S.A.; Aragão, L.; Araujo-Murakami, A.; Arets, E.; Aymard C, G.A.; Baraloto, C.; Camargo, P.B.; Barroso, J.G.; Bongers, F.; Boot, R.; Camargo, J.L.; Castro, W.; Chama Moscoso, V.; Comiskey, J.; Cornejo Valverde, F.; Lola da Costa, A.C.; del Aguila Pasquel, J.; Di Fiore, A.; Fernanda Duque, L.; Elias, F.; Engel, J.; Flores Llampazo, G.; Galbraith, D.; Herrera Fernández, R.; Honorio Coronado, E.; Hubau, W.; Jimenez-Rojas, E.; Lima, A.J.N.; Umetsu, R.K.; Laurance, W.; Lopez-Gonzalez, G.; Lovejoy, T.; Aurelio Melo Cruz, O.; Morandi, P.S.; Neill, D.; Núñez Vargas, P.; Pallqui Camacho, N.C.; Parada Gutierrez, A.; Pardo, G.; Peacock, J.; Peña-Claros, M.; Peñuela-Mora, M.C.; Petronelli, P.; Pickavance, G.C.; Pitman, N.; Prieto, A.; Quesada, C.; Ramírez-Angulo, H.; Réjou-Méchain, M.; Restrepo Correa, Z.; Roopsind, A.; Rudas, A.; Salomão, R.; Silva, N.; Silva Espejo, J.; Singh, J.; Stropp, J.; Terborgh, J.; Thomas, R.; Toledo, M.; Torres-Lezama, A.; Valenzuela Gamarra, L.; van de Meer, P.J.; van der Heijden, G.; van der Hout, P.; Vasquez Martinez, R.; Vela, C.; Vieira, I.C.G.; Phillips, O.L. |
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Title |
Compositional response of Amazon forests to climate change |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2019 |
Publication |
Global Change Biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Global Change Biol. |
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Volume |
25 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
39-56 |
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Keywords |
bioclimatic niches; climate change; compositional shifts; functional traits; temporal trends; tropical forests; bioclimatology; climate change; floristics; lowland environment; niche; temporal variation; tropical forest; Amazonia; carbon dioxide; water; biodiversity; Brazil; classification; climate change; ecosystem; forest; physiology; season; tree; tropic climate; Biodiversity; Brazil; Carbon Dioxide; Climate Change; Ecosystem; Forests; Seasons; Trees; Tropical Climate; Water |
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Abstract |
Most of the planet's diversity is concentrated in the tropics, which includes many regions undergoing rapid climate change. Yet, while climate-induced biodiversity changes are widely documented elsewhere, few studies have addressed this issue for lowland tropical ecosystems. Here we investigate whether the floristic and functional composition of intact lowland Amazonian forests have been changing by evaluating records from 106 long-term inventory plots spanning 30 years. We analyse three traits that have been hypothesized to respond to different environmental drivers (increase in moisture stress and atmospheric CO 2 concentrations): maximum tree size, biogeographic water-deficit affiliation and wood density. Tree communities have become increasingly dominated by large-statured taxa, but to date there has been no detectable change in mean wood density or water deficit affiliation at the community level, despite most forest plots having experienced an intensification of the dry season. However, among newly recruited trees, dry-affiliated genera have become more abundant, while the mortality of wet-affiliated genera has increased in those plots where the dry season has intensified most. Thus, a slow shift to a more dry-affiliated Amazonia is underway, with changes in compositional dynamics (recruits and mortality) consistent with climate-change drivers, but yet to significantly impact whole-community composition. The Amazon observational record suggests that the increase in atmospheric CO 2 is driving a shift within tree communities to large-statured species and that climate changes to date will impact forest composition, but long generation times of tropical trees mean that biodiversity change is lagging behind climate change. |
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Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Pará, Brazil |
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Blackwell Publishing Ltd |
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13541013 (Issn) |
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Cited By :21; Export Date: 6 January 2020; Correspondence Address: Esquivel-Muelbert, A.; School of Geography, University of LeedsUnited Kingdom; email: adriane.esquivel@gmail.com |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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905 |
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Author |
Longo, M.; Knox, R.G.; Levine, N.M.; Swann, A.L.S.; Medvigy, D.M.; Dietze, M.C.; Kim, Y.; Zhang, K.; Bonal, D.; Burban, B.; Camargo, P.B.; Hayek, M.N.; Saleska, S.R.; Da Silva, R.; Bras, R.L.; Wofsy, S.C.; Moorcroft, P.R. |
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Title |
The biophysics, ecology, and biogeochemistry of functionally diverse, vertically and horizontally heterogeneous ecosystems: The Ecosystem Demography model, version 2.2-Part 2: Model evaluation for tropical South America |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2019 |
Publication |
Geoscientific Model Development |
Abbreviated Journal |
Geoscientific Model Dev. |
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Volume |
12 |
Issue |
10 |
Pages |
4347-4374 |
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Abstract |
The Ecosystem Demography model version 2.2 (ED-2.2) is a terrestrial biosphere model that simulates the biophysical, ecological, and biogeochemical dynamics of vertically and horizontally heterogeneous terrestrial ecosystems. In a companion paper (Longo et al., 2019a), we described how the model solves the energy, water, and carbon cycles, and verified the high degree of conservation of these properties in long-term simulations that include long-term (multi-decadal) vegetation dynamics. Here, we present a detailed assessment of the model's ability to represent multiple processes associated with the biophysical and biogeochemical cycles in Amazon forests. We use multiple measurements from eddy covariance towers, forest inventory plots, and regional remote-sensing products to assess the model's ability to represent biophysical, physiological, and ecological processes at multiple timescales, ranging from subdaily to century long. The ED-2.2 model accurately describes the vertical distribution of light, water fluxes, and the storage of water, energy, and carbon in the canopy air space, the regional distribution of biomass in tropical South America, and the variability of biomass as a function of environmental drivers. In addition, ED-2.2 qualitatively captures several emergent properties of the ecosystem found in observations, specifically observed relationships between aboveground biomass, mortality rates, and wood density; however, the slopes of these relationships were not accurately captured. We also identified several limitations, including the model's tendency to overestimate the magnitude and seasonality of heterotrophic respiration and to overestimate growth rates in a nutrient-poor tropical site. The evaluation presented here highlights the potential of incorporating structural and functional heterogeneity within biomes in Earth system models (ESMs) and to realistically represent their impacts on energy, water, and carbon cycles. We also identify several priorities for further model development. |
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Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States |
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Copernicus GmbH |
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1991959x (Issn) |
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Cited By :1; Export Date: 27 October 2019; Correspondence Address: Longo, M.; Harvard UniversityUnited States; email: mdplongo@gmail.com |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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890 |
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