| Records |
| Author |
Bertani, S.; Houel, E.; Bourdy, G.; Stien, D.; Jullian, V.; Landau, I.; Deharo, E. |
| Title |
Quassia amara L. (Simaroubaceae) leaf tea: Effect of the growing stage and desiccation status on the antimalarial activity of a traditional preparation |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year  |
2007 |
Publication |
Journal of Ethnopharmacology |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Ethnopharmacol. |
| Volume |
111 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
40-42 |
| Keywords |
antimalarial; Quassia amara; quassinoids; simalikalactone D; traditional medicine |
| Abstract |
In French Guiana, Quassia amara L. (Simaroubaceae) leaf tea is a well-known widely used traditional antimalarial remedy. Impact of the vegetal sampling condition on in vivo and in vitro antimalarial activity was assessed. Traditional infusions were prepared with juvenile or mature leaves, both either fresh or dried. Results showed that growing stage and freshness of vegetal material exert a striking effect on antimalarial activity, both in vitro and in vivo. By far, leaf tea made from fresh juvenile (FJ) Quassia amara leaves was the most active. In vitro, active component (simalikalactone D) concentration correlates biological activities, although unexplained subtle variations were observed. In vivo, tea made with dried juvenile (DJ) leaves displays a peculiar behavior, meaning that some components may help simalikalactone D delivery or may be active in vivo only, therefore enhancing the expected curative effect of the traditional preparation. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. |
| Address |
Univ Toulouse 3, Ctr IRD, UMR 152, IRD, F-97323 Cayenne Cx, Guyana, Email: eric.deharo@ird.fr |
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| Publisher |
ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD |
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| ISSN |
0378-8741 |
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| Notes |
ISI:000246059600007 |
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no |
| Call Number |
EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
164 |
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| Author |
Baraloto, C.; Morneau, F.; Bonal, D.; Blanc, L.; Ferry, B. |
| Title |
Seasonal water stress tolerance and habitat associations within four neotropical tree genera |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2007 |
Publication |
Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ecology |
| Volume |
88 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
478-489 |
| Keywords |
drought tolerance; French Guiana; photosynthetic capacity; phylogenetically independent contrast; relative growth rate; seasonally flooded forest; specific leaf area; torus translation method; tropical forest |
| Abstract |
We investigated the relationship between habitat association and physiological performance in four congeneric species pairs exhibiting contrasting distributions between seasonally flooded and terra firme habitats in lowland tropical rain forests of French Guiana, including Virola and Iryanthera ( Myristicaceae), Symphonia ( Clusiaceae), and Eperua (Caesalpiniaceae). We analyzed 10-year data sets of mapped and measured saplings ( stems >= 150 cm in height and < 10 cm diameter at breast height [dbh]) and trees ( stems >= 10 cm dbh) across 37.5 ha of permanent plots covering a 300-ha zone, within which seasonally flooded areas ( where the water table never descends below 1 m) have been mapped. Additionally, we tested the response of growth, survival, and leaf functional traits of these species to drought and flood stress in a controlled experiment. We tested for habitat preference using a modi. cation of the torus translation method. Strong contrasting associations of the species pairs of Iryanthera, Virola, and Symphonia were observed at the sapling stage, and these associations strengthened for the tree stage. Neither species of Eperua was significantly associated with flooded habitats at the sapling stage, but E. falcata was significantly and positively associated with flooded forests at the tree stage, and trees of E. grandiflora were found almost exclusively in nonflooded habitats. Differential performance provided limited explanatory support for the observed habitat associations, with only congeners of Iryanthera exhibiting divergent sapling survival and tree growth. Seedlings of species associated with flooded forest tended to have higher photosynthetic capacity than their congeners at field capacity. In addition, they tended to have the largest reductions in leaf gas exchange and growth rate in response to experimental drought stress and the least reductions in response to experimental inundation. The corroboration of habitat association with differences in functional traits and, to a lesser extent, measures of performance provides an explanation for the regional coexistence of these species pairs. We suggest that specialization to seasonally flooded habitats may explain patterns of adaptive radiation in many tropical tree genera and thereby provide a substantial contribution to regional tree diversity. |
| Address |
INRA, UMR Ecol Forets Guyane, Kourou, French Guiana, Email: baraloto@botany.ufl.edu |
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| Publisher |
ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER |
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0012-9658 |
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| Notes |
ISI:000245668400021 |
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no |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
165 |
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| Author |
Odonne, G.; Bourdy, G.; Beauchene, J.; Houel, E.; Stien, D.; Chevolot, L.; Deharo, E. |
| Title |
From Tonic-cups to Bitter-cups: Kwasi bita beker from Suriname Determination, past and present use of an ancient galenic artefact |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2007 |
Publication |
Journal of Ethnopharmacology |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Ethnopharmacol. |
| Volume |
110 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
318-322 |
| Keywords |
Tonic-cup; Bitter-cup; Quassia amara; Suriname; traditional remedy |
| Abstract |
In the main markets of Paramaribo (Suriname), many stands offer what is locally called “Bitter-cups”, or “Kwasi bita beker”, small footed-cups, roughly carved from a whitish wood. The use of these cups is strictly medicinal and it seems to be restricted to Suriname, as they are not found in neighbouring countries (Guyana, French Guiana). The aim of this study was to identify the botanical origin of Bitter-cups still in use in the Saramaka traditional medicine (as information from field people was controversial), and document the ethnopharmacology of this original galenical artefact. Microscopic and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analyses were carried out on Bitter-cup, and anatomical criteria (marginal parenchyma band, size of intervessel and vessel-ray pits, rays width and rays composition, vessels clustering, frequency and size of parenchyma pits) together with HPLC profiles of the macerates showed that the wood cup was similar to Quassia amara L. (Simaroubaceae) wood. Ethnopharmacological investigation indicates that the use of these cups is simply due to the pharmacological properties attributed to “bitters”, and is strongly linked to tradition and cultural attitudes. This study also emphasizes the long lasting use of these cups, now restricted to Suriname only, with almost no variation over one century. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. |
| Address |
Univ Toulouse 3, Ctr IRD, UMR 152, F-97323 Cayenne, France, Email: genevieve.bourdy@ird.fr |
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| Publisher |
ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD |
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0378-8741 |
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| Notes |
ISI:000245486900012 |
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no |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
166 |
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| Author |
Bonal, D.; Born, C.; Brechet, C.; Coste, S.; Marcon, E.; Roggy, J.C.; Guehl, J.M. |
| Title |
The successional status of tropical rainforest tree species is associated with differences in leaf carbon isotope discrimination and functional traits |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2007 |
Publication |
Annals of Forest Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ann. For. Sci. |
| Volume |
64 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
169-176 |
| Keywords |
C-13; functional diversity; leaf gas exchange; species grouping; tropical rainforest |
| Abstract |
We characterised the among species variability in leaf gas exchange and morphological traits under controlled conditions of seedlings of 22 tropical rainforest canopy species to understand the origin of the variability in leaf carbon isotope discrimination (Delta) among species with different growth and dynamic characteristics (successional gradient). Our results first suggest that these species pursue a consistent strategy in terms of. throughout their ontogeny (juveniles grown here versus canopy adult trees from the natural forest). Second, leaf Delta was negatively correlated with WUE and N, and positively correlated with g(s), but among species differences in Delta were mainly explained by differences in WUE. Finally, species belonging to different successional groups display distinct leaf functional and morphological traits. We confirmed that fast growing early successional species maximise carbon assimilation with high stomatal conductance. In contrast, fast and slow growing late successional species are both characterised by low carbon assimilation values, but by distinct stomatal conductance and leaf morphological features. Along the successional gradient, these differences result in much lower Delta for the intermediate species (i.e. fast growing late successional) as compared to the two other groups. |
| Address |
INRA Kourou, UMR Ecol Forets Guyane, F-97387 Kourou, Guyane, France, Email: damien.bonal@kourou.cirad.fr |
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| Publisher |
EDP SCIENCES S A |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
1286-4560 |
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| Notes |
ISI:000244438100006 |
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no |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
169 |
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| Author |
Baraloto, C.; Ferreira, E.; Rockwell, C.; Walthier, F. |
| Title |
Limitations and Applications of Parataxonomy for Community Forest Management in Southwestern Amazonia |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2007 |
Publication |
Ethnobotany Research & Applications |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
5 |
Issue |
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Pages |
77-84 |
| Keywords |
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| Abstract |
We examined the limitations of parataxonomic inventories for developing management plans for woody plant resources in tropical rain forests of southwestern Amazonia. Using compilations of herbarium labels, forest personnel interviews and published species descriptions, we assessed the accuracy of common names as parataxonomic units (PUs). We identified 384 common names for 310 harvested woody plant species in the Brazilian state of Acre, of which only 50% were unique to a single taxonomic species. About 10% of common names referred to more than one species, more than half of which included multiple genera. For the 106 species from the Acre sample common to the MAP region including Madre de Dios, Peru and Pando, Bolivia, we identified 198 common names. Splitting was much more frequent in this sample, with more than 80% of species having more than one common name. When the Acre sample was expanded to 131 species from the Brazilian Amazon region, including the states of Amazonas and Para, we identified 740 common names, with nearly 90% of species being represented by more than one common name. Errors and inaccuracy of parataxonomy may contribute to market instability if product orders can not be homogenized within regional markets, and to unsustainable harvests if species are mistakenly lumped into single parataxonomic units. We discuss several programs currently being implemented by our collaborative team in the region to address this issue, including field guides based on digital photography, field courses, and workshops featuring discussions between regional inventory personnel and botanists. |
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2008; Limitations and Applications of Parataxonomy for Community Forest Management in Southwestern Amazonia |
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no |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ 14 |
Serial |
214 |
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| Author |
Herault, B.; Honnay, O. |
| Title |
Using life-history traits to achieve a functional classification of habitats |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2007 |
Publication |
Applied Vegetation Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Appl. Veg. Sci. |
| Volume |
10 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
73-80 |
| Keywords |
forest connectivity; functional group; habitat typology; land-use history; riverine forest; species functional unity |
| Abstract |
Question: To establish a habitat classification based on functional group co-occurrence that may help the drawing up of conservation plans. Location: Riverine forest fragments in the Grand-duche de Luxembourg, Europe. Methods: Forest fragments were surveyed for their abundance of vascular plants. These were clustered into emergent groups according to 14 life-traits related to plant dispersal, establishment and persistence. Forest fragments were classified according to similar distribution of the identified emergent groups. Environmental factors were related to the emergent group richness in each forest type using generalized linear models. Results: Contrary to former species centred classifications, only two groups of forests, each with clearly different emergent group composition and conservation requirements, were detected: (1) swamp forests characterized by anemogamous perennials, annuals and hydrochorous perennials and (2) moist forests characterized by barochorous perennials, small geophytes and zoochorous phanerophytes. From a conservation point of view, priority should be given to large swamp forest with intact flooding regimes. This is in accordance with the high wind and water dispersal capacities of their typical emergent groups. For the moist forests, conservation priorities should be high forest connectivity and historical continuity since dispersal and establishment of their characteristic emergent groups are highly limited. Conclusions: The described methodology, situated at an intermediate integration level between the individual species and whole community descriptors, takes advantage of both conservation plans built for single species and the synthetic power of broad ecological measures. |
| Address |
Univ Liege, Dept Environm Sci & Management, B-6700 Arlon, Belgium, Email: bruno.herault@cirad.fr |
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OPULUS PRESS UPPSALA AB |
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Edition |
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1402-2001 |
ISBN |
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| Notes |
ISI:000245934700009 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
218 |
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| Author |
Parelle, J.; Zapater, M.; Scotti-Saintagne, C.; Kremer, A.; Jolivet, Y.; Dreyer, E.; Brendel, O. |
| Title |
Quantitative trait loci of tolerance to waterlogging in a European oak (Quercus robur L.): physiological relevance and temporal effect patterns |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2007 |
Publication |
Plant Cell and Environment |
Abbreviated Journal |
Plant Cell Environ. |
| Volume |
30 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
422-434 |
| Keywords |
allelic substitution effect; correlation clustering; epinasty; hypertrophied lenticel; multi-environment model; root hypoxia |
| Abstract |
Quercus robur L. is a mid-European broadleaved tree species that grows readily on temporary waterlogged soils. An experiment aiming to identify potential markers of tolerance to waterlogging in this species and to assess the degree of genetic control over the corresponding traits was conducted. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) were assessed in an F-1 progeny for responses to waterlogging, and the relevance of the observed traits as markers of tolerance was investigated using a precise description of the time course of their expression. Five significant QTL involved in the response to waterlogging were identified. In particular, QTL were detected for the development of hypertrophied lenticels and for the degree of leaf epinasty, but not for the formation of adventitious roots. A multi-environment QTL model allowed a detailed description of the time course (7 weeks) of the allelic substitution effect of some of these QTL. Correlation clustering identified significant clusters of QTL, at inter-trait as well as at intra-trait level. These clusters suggest the occurrence of a genetically controlled response cascade to waterlogging. |
| Address |
UHP, UMR 1137, Ctr INRA Nancy, F-54280 Champenoux, France, Email: brendel@nancy.inra.fr |
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| Publisher |
BLACKWELL PUBLISHING |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0140-7791 |
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| Notes |
ISI:000244419700005 |
Approved |
no |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
219 |
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| Author |
Rockwell, C.; Kainer, K.A.; Marcondes, N.; Baraloto, C. |
| Title |
Ecological limitations of reduced-impact logging at the smallholder scale |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2007 |
Publication |
Forest Ecology and Management |
Abbreviated Journal |
For. Ecol. Manage. |
| Volume |
238 |
Issue |
1-3 |
Pages |
365-374 |
| Keywords |
community forest management; forest inventories; liana cutting; sustained yield; timber management; tropical forest conservation |
| Abstract |
Reduced-impact logging (RIL) has many demonstrated benefits to the industrial logging operations for which they were developed. It is less clear whether these gains remain consistent in smallholder forest systems that increasingly play an important role in global conservation and that target a broader suite of outputs in their management schemes. We evaluate potential ecological consequences of five RIL components (pre-harvest inventories, harvest intensity, cutting cycles, skid trail planning, and liana cutting) when applied to small-scale operations in the Brazilian Amazon and provide suggestions for modifications to RIL guidelines for smallholder systems. Rapid assessment inventories of the entire landholding should be a part of crop tree selection to minimize inbreeding and recruitment failure. Additionally, while community-based taxonomists accurately identify species to common names, botanical samples must be verified with herbarium specimens to avoid market and ecological problems when multiple species share a single common name. We advocate that smallholder managers move beyond an emphasis on RIL guidelines, while still incorporating its basic tenets into practical application. Based on our analysis, this would include evaluating benefits of particular RIL components and assessing potential advantages that smallholders have over industrial operations. We suggest incorporating anthropogenically-generated forest patches of varying sizes and successional stages into a more formalized management system, incorporating and expanding on traditional ecological knowledge acquired over generations, and integrating enrichment plantings and tending of regeneration. (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier B.V. |
| Address |
Univ Florida, Sch Forest Resources & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA, Email: crockwel@ufl.edu |
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| Publisher |
ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV |
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0378-1127 |
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| Notes |
ISI:000243761700033 |
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no |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
220 |
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Christensen-Dalsgaard, K.K.; Ennos, A.R.; Fournier, M. |
| Title |
Changes in hydraulic conductivity, mechanical properties, and density reflecting the fall in strain along the lateral roots of two species of tropical trees |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2007 |
Publication |
Journal of Experimental Botany |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Exp. Bot. |
| Volume |
58 |
Issue |
15-16 |
Pages |
4095-4105 |
| Keywords |
Buttress roots; Density; Hydraulic conductivity; Hydraulic-mechanical trade-offs; Modulus of elasticity; Tropical trees; Wood; Elastic moduli; Hydraulic conductivity; Wood; Buttress roots; Hydraulic-mechanical trade-offs; Tropical trees; Forestry; water; article; biomechanics; histology; legume; physiology; plant root; plant stem; tree; wood; Xylopia; Biomechanics; Fabaceae; Plant Roots; Plant Stems; Trees; Water; Wood; Xylopia; Conductivity; Elastic Strength; Forestry; Wood |
| Abstract |
Roots have been described as having larger vessels and so greater hydraulic efficiency than the stem. Differences in the strength and stiffness of the tissue within the root system itself are thought to be an adaptation to the loading conditions experienced by the roots and to be related to differences in density. It is not known how potential mechanical adaptations may affect the hydraulic properties of the roots. The change in strength, stiffness, conductivity, density, sapwood area, and second moment of area distally along the lateral roots of two tropical tree species in which the strain is known to decrease rapidly was studied and the values were compared with those of the trunk. It was found that as the strain fell distally along the roots, so did the strength and stiffness of the tissue, whereas the conductivity increased exponentially. These changes appeared to be related to differences in density. In contrast to the distal-most roots, the tissue of the proximal roots had a lower conductivity and higher strength than that of the trunk. This suggests that mechanical requirements on the structure rather than the water potential gradient from roots to branches are responsible for the general pattern that roots have larger vessels than the stem. In spite of their increased transectional area, the buttressed proximal roots were subjected to higher levels of stress and had a lower total conductivity than the rest of the root system. © 2007 The Author(s). |
| Address |
AgroParisTech, LERFOB, Ecole Nationale du Genie Rural, des Eaux et Forêts, 14 Avenue Girardet-CS 4216, 54000 Nancy Cedex, France |
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00220957 (Issn) |
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| Notes |
Cited By (since 1996): 6; Export Date: 22 October 2011; Source: Scopus; Coden: Jeboa; doi: 10.1093/jxb/erm268; PubMed ID: 18039738; Language of Original Document: English; Correspondence Address: Christensen-Dalsgaard, K.K.; University of Manchester, Faculty of Life Sciences, Jackson's Mill, Manchester M60 1QD, United Kingdom; email: karen@cd-mail.dk; Chemicals/CAS: water, 7732-18-5; Water, 7732-18-5 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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353 |
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Dejean, A.; Moreau, C.S.; Uzac, P.; Le Breton, J.; Kenne, M. |
| Title |
The predatory behavior of Pheidole megacephala |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2007 |
Publication |
Comptes Rendus Biologies |
Abbreviated Journal |
C. R. Biol. |
| Volume |
330 |
Issue |
9 |
Pages |
701-709 |
| Keywords |
Invasive ants; Landmarks; Pheidole megacephala; Predatory behavior; Recruitment; pheromone; ant; behavioral ecology; foraging behavior; invasive species; nest predation; pheromone; predator-prey interaction; animal experiment; ant; article; competitor species; controlled study; foraging behavior; host range; Isoptera; nest predation; nonhuman; predation; predator prey interaction; prey selection; species invasion; worker (insect); Animals; Ants; Feeding Behavior; Female; Isoptera; Predatory Behavior; Social Behavior; Formicidae; Hexapoda; Isoptera; Pheidole megacephala |
| Abstract |
We studied the foraging and predatory behaviors of the invasive African myrmicine ant, Pheidole megacephala (F.) in its native range. Workers can singly capture a wide range of insects, including relatively large prey items. For still larger prey, they recruit at short range those nestmates situated within reach of an alarm pheromone and together spread-eagle the insect. These behaviors are complimented by a long-range recruitment (of nestmates remaining in the nest) based on prey size. P. megacephala scouts also use long-range recruitment when they detect the landmarks of termites and competing ant species, thus permitting them to avoid confronting these termites and ants solitarily. |
| Address |
Département de biologie des organismes animaux, faculté des sciences, l'université de Douala, BP 24157, Douala, Cameroon |
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16310691 (Issn) |
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Cited By (since 1996): 8; Export Date: 22 October 2011; Source: Scopus; Coden: Crboc; doi: 10.1016/j.crvi.2007.06.005; PubMed ID: 17720587; Language of Original Document: English; Correspondence Address: Dejean, A.; CNRS-Guyane, UPS 2561, UMR-CNRS 5174, 16, avenue André-Aron, 97300 Cayenne, France; email: alain.dejean@wanadoo.fr |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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354 |
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