| Records |
| Author |
Delaval, M.; Henry, M.; Charles-Dominique, P. |
| Title |
Interspecific competition and niche partitioning: Example of a neotropical rainforest bat community |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year  |
2005 |
Publication |
Revue d'Ecologie (La Terre et la Vie) |
Abbreviated Journal |
Rev. Ecol.-Terre Vie |
| Volume |
60 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
149-165 |
| Keywords |
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| Abstract |
To understand the organization of a bat community and the coexistence of sympatric species, it is essential to understand how species use and share common resources. First, we describe a bat community in a primary rainforest of French Guiana. The presence of particular roosting sites, such as caves, and the absence of disturbances are important local factors in structuring communities. In the course of this study, we focused on the three most common species of three vegetarian bat guilds (understorey frugivores, canopy frugivores and nectarivores). The local coexistence of these species is possible thanks to space, food and/or time partitioning. Space partitioning is consistent with the hypothesis that smaller bats with a more manoeuvrable flight tend to occupy more cluttered space less attractive to their competitors and have smaller home range. We observed a time partitioning that is likely to reduce competition among some frugivorous bat species by reducing direct interference during foraging. Besides an interest for the field community ecology, this study of a community living in a primary forest can be used as a reference for non disturbed habitat for conservation purposes. |
| Address |
Dept Ecol & Gestion Biodivers, UMR 5176, F-91800 Brunoy, France, Email: marguerite.delaval@wanadoo.fr |
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| Publisher |
SOC NATL PROTECTION NATURE ACCLIMATATION FRANCE |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0249-7395 |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
ISI:000230973300005 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
231 |
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| Author |
Bereau, M.; Bonal, D.; Louisanna, E.; Garbaye, J. |
| Title |
Do mycorrhizas improve tropical tree seedling performance under water stress and low light conditions? A case study with Dicorynia guianensis (Caesalpiniaceae) |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2005 |
Publication |
Journal of Tropical Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Trop. Ecol. |
| Volume |
21 |
Issue |
|
Pages |
375-381 |
| Keywords |
French Guiana; leaf gas exchange; mycorrhizal symbiosis; tropical forest; water limitation |
| Abstract |
We tested the response of seedlings of Diconyina guianensis, a major timber tree species of French Guiana, to mycorrhizal symbiosis and water limitation in a semi-con trolled experiment under natural light conditions. Under well-watered conditions, mycorrhizal colonization resulted in an increase of net photosynthesis, growth and phosphorus uptake. When submitted to water stress, no growth reduction of mycorrhizal seedlings was observed. Mycorrhizal seedlings were more sensitive to drought than non-mycorrhizal ones in terms of carbon assimilation, but not with regard to stomatal closure. In contrast to previous studies on temperate tree seedlings, this result precludes a mycorrhizal effect on the hydraulic properties of this species. Furthermore, our results suggest that below a specific threshold of soil moisture, carbon assimilation of D. guianensis seedlings was decreased by the mycorrhizal symbiosis. This is probably related to the competition between the plant and its host fungus for carbon allocation under low light intensity, even though it did not seem to have a significant effect on mortality in our experiment. |
| Address |
UMR Ecofog, Kourou 97387, French Guiana, Email: bercau.m@kourou.cirad.fr |
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| Publisher |
CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0266-4674 |
ISBN |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
ISI:000231009300003 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
232 |
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| Author |
Liu, S.Q.; Loup, C.; Gril, J.; Dumonceaud, O.; Thibaut, A.; Thibaut, B. |
| Title |
Studies on European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.). Part 1: Variations of wood colour parameters |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2005 |
Publication |
Annals of Forest Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ann. For. Sci. |
| Volume |
62 |
Issue |
7 |
Pages |
625-632 |
| Keywords |
Fagus sylvatica L.; CIELab colour system; solid wood; red heartwood |
| Abstract |
Colour parameters of European beech were measured using CIELab system. 103 logs from 87 trees in 9 sites were cut into boards to study the radial variations of wood colour parameters. Both site and tree effects on colour were observed. Patterns of red heartwood occurrence were defined. When excepting red heartwood there was still a highly significant effect of site and tree. Axial and radial variations were small, except very near the pith or in red heartwood, suggesting possible early selection at periphery under colour criteria. Red heartwood is darker, redder and more yellow than normal peripheral wood. |
| Address |
Univ Montpellier 2, Lab Mecan & Genie Civil, F-34095 Montpellier, France, Email: jgril@lmgc.univ-montp2.fr |
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Thesis |
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| Publisher |
EDP SCIENCES S A |
Place of Publication |
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| Language |
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Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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| Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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| Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
1286-4560 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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| Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
ISI:000233179100003 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
251 |
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| Author |
Baraloto, C.; Goldberg, D.E.; Bonal, D. |
| Title |
Performance trade-offs among tropical tree seedlings in contrasting microhabitats |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2005 |
Publication |
Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ecology |
| Volume |
86 |
Issue |
9 |
Pages |
2461-2472 |
| Keywords |
canopy gaps; French Guiana; regeneration niche; relative growth rate; seed size; shade tolerance; soil moisture; tropical forest |
| Abstract |
We investigated performance trade-offs among seedlings of nine tropical tree species during a -five-year field experiment. Seedlings were grown in eight microhabitat types composed of paired gap and shaded understory sites in each of four soil types. We defined performance trade-offs relevant to coexistence as significant pairwise rank reversals for species performance between contrasting situations, of which we characterize three types: microhabitat, fitness component, and ontogenetic. Only 2 of 36 species pairs exhibited microhabitat trade-offs or reversed rankings for survival or relative growth rate (RGR) among microhabitats, and only one species pair reversed performance ranks among soil types. We found stronger evidence for rank reversals between fitness components (survival and RGR), particularly in gap vs. understory environments, suggesting a general trade-off between shade tolerance (survival in shade) and gap establishment (RGR in gaps). Third, the most frequent rank reversals between species pairs occurred between early and later ontogenetic stages, especially between fitness components in contrasting microhabitats. Overall, 15 of 36 pairs of potentially competing species exhibited some type of seedling performance trade-off, two species pairs never outperformed one another, and for 19 species pairs one species was a consistent better performer. We suggest that ontogenetic trade-offs, in concert with microhabitat and fitness component trade-offs, may contribute to species coexistence of long-lived organisms such as tropical trees. |
| Address |
Univ Michigan, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA, Email: baraloto.c@kourou.cirad.fr |
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| Publisher |
ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0012-9658 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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| Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
ISI:000231373600021 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
252 |
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| Author |
Almeras, T.; Thibaut, A.; Gril, J. |
| Title |
Effect of circumferential heterogeneity of wood maturation strain, modulus of elasticity and radial growth on the regulation of stem orientation in trees |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2005 |
Publication |
Trees-Structure and Function |
Abbreviated Journal |
Trees-Struct. Funct. |
| Volume |
19 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
457-467 |
| Keywords |
biomechanics; reaction wood; maturation strain; Young's modulus; eccentricity |
| Abstract |
Active mechanisms of re-orientation are necessary to maintain the verticality of tree stems. They are achieved through the production of reaction wood, associated with circumferential variations of three factors related to cambial activity: maturation strain, longitudinal modulus of elasticity (MOE) and eccentric growth. These factors were measured on 17 mature trees from different botanical families and geographical locations. Various patterns of circumferential variation of these factors were identified. A biomechanical analysis based on beam theory was performed to quantify the individual impact of each factor. The main factor of re-orientation is the circumferential variation of maturation strains. However, this factor alone explains only 57% of the re-orientations. Other factors also have an effect through their interaction with maturation strains. Eccentric growth is generally associated with heterogeneity of maturation strains, and has an important complementary role, by increasing the width of wood with high maturation strain. Without this factor, the efficiency of re-orientations would be reduced by 31% for angiosperms and 26% for gymnosperms. In the case of angiosperms, MOE is often larger in tension wood than in normal wood. Without these variations, the efficiency of re-orientations would be reduced by 13%. In the case of gymnosperm trees, MOE of compression wood is lower than that of normal wood, so that re-orientation efficiency would be increased by 24% without this factor of variations. |
| Address |
Nagoya Univ, Lab Biomat Phys, Dept Bioagr Sci, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan, Email: t_almeras@hotmail.com |
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| Publisher |
SPRINGER |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0931-1890 |
ISBN |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
ISI:000229890700012 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
253 |
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| Author |
Clair, B.; Gril, J.; Baba, K.; Thibaut, B.; Sugiyama, J. |
| Title |
Precautions for the structural analysis of the gelatinous layer in tension wood |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2005 |
Publication |
IAWA Journal |
Abbreviated Journal |
IAWA J. |
| Volume |
26 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
189-195 |
| Keywords |
artefact; fibre wall; gelatinous layer (G-layer); tension wood |
| Abstract |
The gelatinous layer (G-layer) of tension wood fibres in hardwood contributes to the mechanical function of the living tree and has significant consequences on properties of solid wood. Its size, shape and structure observed by optical or electron microscopy exhibits characteristic anatomical features. However, we found that sectioning of non-embedded wood samples results in an uncontrolled swelling of the G-layer. In order to assess this artefact, the shape and thickness of the G-layer was monitored by serial sections from an embedded wood sample, from its trimmed transverse face to that located several hundreds of micrometres deep. The results revealed that the initial cutting before embedding produced a border effect responsible for the swollen nature, which is similar to sections from non-embedded material. After a conventional embedding technique was applied, a section of at least 30 micrometres below the trimming surface is required to observe an un-swollen G-layer. |
| Address |
Kyoto Univ, Res Inst Sustainable Humanosphere, Lab Biomass Morphogenesis & Informat, Kyoto 6110011, Japan, Email: clair@blmgc.univ.montp2.fr |
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Thesis |
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| Publisher |
INT ASSOC WOOD ANATOMISTS |
Place of Publication |
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Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0928-1541 |
ISBN |
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| Notes |
ISI:000229698100003 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
254 |
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| Author |
Scotti-Saintagne, C.; Bertocchi, E.; Barreneche, T.; Kremer, A.; Plomion, C. |
| Title |
Quantitative trait loci mapping for vegetative propagation in pedunculate oak |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2005 |
Publication |
Annals of Forest Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ann. For. Sci. |
| Volume |
62 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
369-374 |
| Keywords |
vegetative propagation; QTL; Quercus robur |
| Abstract |
Vegetative propagation is one of the main methods used for the deployment of improved genetic forest tree species. The objective of this paper was to study the genetic architecture of vegetative propagation by detecting Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) in pedunculate oak ( Quercus robur). The mapping population consisted on an F-1 family of 278 offspring. Assessment of rooting ability over three years permitted the detection of 10 QTLs explaining between 4.4 and 13.8% of phenotypic variance, of which the two strongest were stable across years. Ongoing genomics programs in trees and in Arabidopsis are starting to shed light on the nature of the underlying genes. |
| Address |
Equipe Genet, INRA, UMR 1202, BIOGECO, F-33612 Cestas, France, Email: christophe.plomion@pierroton.inra.fr |
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| Publisher |
E D P SCIENCES |
Place of Publication |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
1286-4560 |
ISBN |
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| Notes |
ISI:000229668600010 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
255 |
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| Author |
Almeras, T.; Gril, J.; Yamamoto, H. |
| Title |
Modelling anisotropic maturation strains in wood in relation to fibre boundary conditions, microstructure and maturation kinetics |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2005 |
Publication |
Holzforschung |
Abbreviated Journal |
Holzforschung |
| Volume |
59 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
347-353 |
| Keywords |
anisotropy; boundary conditions; cell-wall maturation; growth strain; multilayer model; residual stress; wood fibre |
| Abstract |
A generalisation of existing mechanical models is proposed to account for the relation between wood macroscopic properties and fibre microstructure and chemical composition. It is applied to understanding of the origin of anisotropic maturation strains measured at the outermost surface of the xylem. Various assumptions are considered for boundary conditions of the fibre during the progressive maturation process and are applied to experimental data from the literature. Assumptions that the fibre is fully restrained in displacement, or fully unrestrained or unrestrained in the transverse direction only are all incompatible with observations. Indeed, within the tree, the fibre is restrained in the longitudinal and tangential directions, but unrestrained in the radial direction towards the bark. Mixed boundary conditions must be introduced to correctly simulate both longitudinal and tangential maturation strains. In the context of an analytical axisymmetric model, this is estimated by considering a parameter of partial release of tangential stress during maturation. Consistence with data and with finite element computation in the case of a square fibre confirmed that, because of the unrestrained radial condition, a large part of the tangential maturation stress is released in situ. |
| Address |
Nagoya Univ, Grad Sch Bioagr Sci, Lab Biomat Phys, Chikusa Ku, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan, Email: tancrede@nuagr1.agr.nagoya-u.ac.jp |
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| Publisher |
WALTER DE GRUYTER & CO |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0018-3830 |
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| Notes |
ISI:000228828800016 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
256 |
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| Author |
Gourlet-Fleury, S.; Comu, G.; Jesel, S.; Dessard, H.; Jourget, J.G.; Blanc, L.; Picard, N. |
| Title |
Using models to predict recovery and assess tree species vulnerability in logged tropical forests: A case study from French Guiana |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2005 |
Publication |
Forest Ecology and Management |
Abbreviated Journal |
For. Ecol. Manage. |
| Volume |
209 |
Issue |
1-2 |
Pages |
69-86 |
| Keywords |
matrix model; individual-based spatially explicit model; regeneration; recruitment; long-term population dynamics |
| Abstract |
A major challenge for forest managers is to define the optimal cutting cycle to ensure that the resource is sustained in the long term. Matrix models of forest dynamics allow time-projection of diameter-class distributions and thus assessment of the time needed, after logging, to recover a given part of the exploitable stock. They are easy to build and they only require, as input variables, the diameter structure of the population(s) under scope. However, such models are based on a coarse description of tree population dynamics and must be used with caution. In particular, as trees are only described from a diameter threshold (usually 10 cm dbh), recruitment of a new tree cannot be linked with the preceding generation since too much time elapsed between seed dispersal and the installation of a 10-cm recruit. This causes predictions of matrix models to be highly questionable in the long term when ingrowth to larger dbh classes greatly depends on the way recruitment has been modelled. We used a case study from French Guiana to test whether or not a simple matrix model is reliable enough to help forest managers choose between management alternatives. We focused on the major timber species Dicorynia guianensis Amshoff (Caesalpiniaceae) harvested under a selective cutting regime. We compared predictions of D. guianensis stock recovery in the short and long term provided by two models: StoMat, a non-regulated matrix model, and SELVA, a single-tree distance dependent model explicitly simulating the entire species life cycle. Both models were independently calibrated on data from Paracou permanent sample plots. We showed that: (i) the short-term recovery of the exploitable stock predicted by StoMat is reliable for a large range of disturbance conditions; (ii) recruitment implementation in StoMat does not influence projections until the third felling cycle; (iii) for shared initial stand conditions SELVA and StoMat give consistent mid- and long-term predictions: the simple recruitment model used into StoMat could efficiently summarise the regeneration processes of the species under low felling intensity. Our results indicate that the current felling regime used in French Guiana may not be sustainable on a long-term basis. In any case, no more than 60% of the initial stock would be recovered after logging. We conclude that simple models can provide as reliable predictions as more complicated ones. They may be sufficient to assess the recovery of a species' exploitable stock even in the long term, or at least assess the (un)sustainability of particular harvesting regimes. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. |
| Address |
CIRAD, Dept Forets, F-34398 Montpellier 5, France, Email: sylvie.gourlet-fleury@cirad.fr |
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| Publisher |
ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0378-1127 |
ISBN |
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| Notes |
ISI:000228504600007 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
257 |
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| Author |
Cochard, H.; Coste, S.; Chanson, B.; Guehl, J.M.; Nicolini, E. |
| Title |
Hydraulic architecture correlates with bud organogenesis and primary shoot growth in beech (Fagus sylvatica) |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2005 |
Publication |
Tree Physiology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Tree Physiol. |
| Volume |
25 |
Issue |
12 |
Pages |
1545-1552 |
| Keywords |
development; hydraulic conductance; leaf primordia; meristem; xylem |
| Abstract |
In beech (Fagus sylvatica L.), the number of leaf primordia preformed in the buds determines the length and the type (long versus short) of annual growth units, and thus, branch growth and architecture. We analyzed the correlation between the number of leaf primordia and the hydraulic conductance of the vascular system connected to the buds. Terminal buds of short growth units and axillary buds of long growth units on lower branches of mature trees were examined. Buds with less than four and more than five leaf primordia formed short and long growth units, respectively. Irrespective of the type of growth unit the bud was formed on, the occurrence of a large number of leaf primordia was associated with high xylem hydraulic conductance. Xylem conductance was correlated to the area of the outermost annual ring. These results suggest that organogenesis and primary growth in buds correlates with secondary growth of the growth units and thus with their hydraulic architecture. Possible causal relationships between the variables are discussed. |
| Address |
INRA UBP, UMR PIAF, F-63039 Clermont Ferrand, France, Email: cochard@clermont.inra.fr |
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| Publisher |
HERON PUBLISHING |
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Summary Language |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0829-318X |
ISBN |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
ISI:000234019900008 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
Serial |
281 |
| Permanent link to this record |
