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Longo, M.; Knox, R.G.; Levine, N.M.; Swann, A.L.S.; Medvigy, D.M.; Dietze, M.C.; Kim, Y.; Zhang, K.; Bonal, D.; Burban, B.; Camargo, P.B.; Hayek, M.N.; Saleska, S.R.; Da Silva, R.; Bras, R.L.; Wofsy, S.C.; Moorcroft, P.R. |
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The biophysics, ecology, and biogeochemistry of functionally diverse, vertically and horizontally heterogeneous ecosystems: The Ecosystem Demography model, version 2.2-Part 2: Model evaluation for tropical South America |
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Journal Article |
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2019 |
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Geoscientific Model Development |
Abbreviated Journal |
Geoscientific Model Dev. |
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12 |
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10 |
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4347-4374 |
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The Ecosystem Demography model version 2.2 (ED-2.2) is a terrestrial biosphere model that simulates the biophysical, ecological, and biogeochemical dynamics of vertically and horizontally heterogeneous terrestrial ecosystems. In a companion paper (Longo et al., 2019a), we described how the model solves the energy, water, and carbon cycles, and verified the high degree of conservation of these properties in long-term simulations that include long-term (multi-decadal) vegetation dynamics. Here, we present a detailed assessment of the model's ability to represent multiple processes associated with the biophysical and biogeochemical cycles in Amazon forests. We use multiple measurements from eddy covariance towers, forest inventory plots, and regional remote-sensing products to assess the model's ability to represent biophysical, physiological, and ecological processes at multiple timescales, ranging from subdaily to century long. The ED-2.2 model accurately describes the vertical distribution of light, water fluxes, and the storage of water, energy, and carbon in the canopy air space, the regional distribution of biomass in tropical South America, and the variability of biomass as a function of environmental drivers. In addition, ED-2.2 qualitatively captures several emergent properties of the ecosystem found in observations, specifically observed relationships between aboveground biomass, mortality rates, and wood density; however, the slopes of these relationships were not accurately captured. We also identified several limitations, including the model's tendency to overestimate the magnitude and seasonality of heterotrophic respiration and to overestimate growth rates in a nutrient-poor tropical site. The evaluation presented here highlights the potential of incorporating structural and functional heterogeneity within biomes in Earth system models (ESMs) and to realistically represent their impacts on energy, water, and carbon cycles. We also identify several priorities for further model development. |
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Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States |
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Copernicus GmbH |
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1991959x (Issn) |
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Cited By :1; Export Date: 27 October 2019; Correspondence Address: Longo, M.; Harvard UniversityUnited States; email: mdplongo@gmail.com |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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890 |
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Fichaux, M.; Béchade, B.; Donald, J.; Weyna, A.; Delabie, J.H.C.; Murienne, J.; Baraloto, C.; Orivel, J. |
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Habitats shape taxonomic and functional composition of Neotropical ant assemblages |
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Journal Article |
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2019 |
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Oecologia |
Abbreviated Journal |
Oecologia |
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189 |
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2 |
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501-513 |
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Formicidae; Functional diversity; Habitat filtering; Rainforest; Traits; Formicidae |
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Determining assembly rules of co-occurring species persists as a fundamental goal in community ecology. At local scales, the relative importance of environmental filtering vs. competitive exclusion remains a subject of debate. In this study, we assessed the relative importance of habitat filtering and competition in structuring understory ant communities in tropical forests of French Guiana. Leaf-litter ants were collected using pitfall and Winkler traps across swamp, slope and plateau forests near Saül, French Guiana. We used a combination of univariate and multivariate analyses to evaluate trait response of ants to habitat characteristics. Null model analyses were used to investigate the effects of habitat filtering and competitive interactions on community assembly at the scale of assemblages and sampling points, respectively. Swamp forests presented a much lower taxonomic and functional richness compared to slope and plateau forests. Furthermore, marked differences in taxonomic and functional composition were observed between swamp forests and slope or plateau forests. We found weak evidence for competitive exclusion based on null models. Nevertheless, the contrasting trait composition observed between habitats revealed differences in the ecological attributes of the species in the different forest habitats. Our analyses suggest that competitive interactions may not play an important role in structuring leaf-litter ant assemblages locally. Rather, habitats are responsible for driving both taxonomic and functional composition of ant communities. |
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International Center for Tropical Botany, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, United States |
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Springer Verlag |
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00298549 (Issn) |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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863 |
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Bodin, S.C.; Scheel-Ybert, R.; Beauchene, J.; Molino, J.-F.; Bremond, L. |
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CharKey: An electronic identification key for wood charcoals of French Guiana |
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Journal Article |
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2019 |
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IAWA Journal |
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Iawa J. |
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40 |
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1 |
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75-91 |
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anthracology; Charcoal anatomy; computeraided identification; Note: Supplementary material can be accessed in the online edition of this journal via brill.com/iawa.; tropical flora; Xper 2 |
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Tropical tree floras are highly diverse and many genera and species share similar anatomical patterns, making the identification of tropical wood charcoal very difficult. Appropriate tools to characterize charcoal anatomy are thus needed to facilitate and improve identification in such species-rich areas. This paper presents the first computer-aided identification key designed for charcoals from French Guiana, based on the wood anatomy of 507 species belonging to 274 genera and 71 families, which covers respectively 28%, 67% and 86% of the tree species, genera and families currently listed in this part of Amazonia. Species of the same genus are recorded together except those described under a synonym genus in Détienne et al. (1982) that were kept separately. As a result, the key contains 289 'items' and mostly aims to identify charcoals at the genus level. It records 26 anatomical features leading to 112 feature states, almost all of which are illustrated by SEM photographs of charcoal. The descriptions were mostly taken from Détienne et al.'s guidebook on tropical woods of French Guiana (1982) and follow the IAWA list of microscopic features for hardwood identification (Wheeler et al. 1989). Some adjustments were made to a few features and those that are unrelated to charcoal identification were excluded. The whole tool, named CharKey, contains the key itself and the associated database including photographs. It can be downloaded on Figshare at https://figshare.com/s/d7d40060b53d2ad60389 (doi: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6396005). CharKey is accessible using the free software Xper 2 , specifically conceived for taxonomic description and computer aided-identification. |
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Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, PSL Research University, Paris, France |
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Brill Academic Publishers |
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09281541 (Issn) |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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864 |
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Franco, W.; Ladino, N.;Delabie, J.H.C.;Dejean, A.;Orivel, J.;Fichaux, M.; Groc, S.;Leponce, M.;Feitosa, R.M. |
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First checklist of the ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of French Guiana |
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Journal Article |
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2019 |
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Zootaxa |
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4674 |
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5 |
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509-543 |
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We provide here a checklist of the ants of French Guiana, an overseas department of France situated in northern South America, with a very low human population density and predominantly covered by old-growth tropical rainforests. Based on 165 scientific papers, specimens deposited in collections, and unpublished surveys, a total of 659 valid species and subspecies from 84 genera and 12 subfamilies is presented. Although far from complete, these numbers represent approximately 10% of the ant diversity known to occur in the Neotropical realm. Additionally, three ant genera and 119 species are reported for the first time for French Guiana. Finally, five species are recognized as erroneous records for the the department in the literature. This checklist significantly expands the basic knowledge of the ants in the Guiana Shield, one of the world’s most important biodiversity hotspots. |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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886 |
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Ter Steege, H.; Henkel, T.W.; Helal, N.; Marimon, B.S.; Marimon-Junior, B.H.; Huth, A.; Groeneveld, J.; Sabatier, D.; Coelho, L.S.; Filho, D.A.L.; Salomão, R.P.; Amaral, I.L.; Matos, F.D.A.; Castilho, C.V.; Phillips, O.L.; Guevara, J.E.; Carim, M.J.V.; Cárdenas López, D.; Magnusson, W.E.; Wittmann, F.; Irume, M.V.; Martins, M.P.; Guimarães, J.R.D.S.; Molino, J.-F.; Bánki, O.S.; Piedade, M.T.F.; Pitman, N.C.A.; Mendoza, A.M.; Ramos, J.F.; Luize, B.G.; Moraes de Leão Novo, E.M.; Núñez Vargas, P.; Silva, T.S.F.; Venticinque, E.M.; Manzatto, A.G.; Reis, N.F.C.; Terborgh, J.; Casula, K.R.; Honorio Coronado, E.N.; Montero, J.C.; Feldpausch, T.R.; Duque, A.; Costa, F.R.C.; Arboleda, N.C.; Schöngart, J.; Killeen, T.J.; Vasquez, R.; Mostacedo, B.; Demarchi, L.O.; Assis, R.L.; Baraloto, C.; Engel, J.; Petronelli, P.; Castellanos, H.; de Medeiros, M.B.; Quaresma, A.; Simon, M.F.; Andrade, A.; Camargo, J.L.; Laurance, S.G.W.; Laurance, W.F.; Rincón, L.M.; Schietti, J.; Sousa, T.R.; de Sousa Farias, E.; Lopes, M.A.; Magalhães, J.L.L.; Mendonça Nascimento, H.E.; Lima de Queiroz, H.; Aymard C, G.A.; Brienen, R.; Revilla, J.D.C.; Vieira, I.C.G.; Cintra, B.B.L.; Stevenson, P.R.; Feitosa, Y.O.; Duivenvoorden, J.F.; Mogollón, H.F.; Araujo-Murakami, A.; Ferreira, L.V.; Lozada, J.R.; Comiskey, J.A.; de Toledo, J.J.; Damasco, G.; Dávila, N.; Draper, F.; García-Villacorta, R.; Lopes, A.; Vicentini, A.; Alonso, A.; Dallmeier, F.; Gomes, V.H.F.; Lloyd, J.; Neill, D.; de Aguiar, D.P.P.; Arroyo, L.; Carvalho, F.A.; de Souza, F.C.; do Amaral, D.D.; Feeley, K.J.; Gribel, R.; Pansonato, M.P.; Barlow, J.; Berenguer, E.; Ferreira, J.; Fine, P.V.A.; Guedes, M.C.; Jimenez, E.M.; Licona, J.C.; Peñuela Mora, M.C.; Villa, B.; Cerón, C.; Maas, P.; Silveira, M.; Stropp, J.; Thomas, R.; Baker, T.R.; Daly, D.; Dexter, K.G.; Huamantupa-Chuquimaco, I.; Milliken, W.; Pennington, T.; Ríos Paredes, M.; Fuentes, A.; Klitgaard, B.; Pena, J.L.M.; Peres, C.A.; Silman, M.R.; Tello, J.S.; Chave, J.; Cornejo Valverde, F.; Di Fiore, A.; Hilário, R.R.; Phillips, J.F.; Rivas-Torres, G.; van Andel, T.R.; von Hildebrand, P.; Noronha, J.C.; Barbosa, E.M.; Barbosa, F.R.; de Matos Bonates, L.C.; Carpanedo, R.S.; Dávila Doza, H.P.; Fonty, É.; GómeZárate Z, R.; Gonzales, T.; Gallardo Gonzales, G.P.; Hoffman, B.; Junqueira, A.B.; Malhi, Y.; Miranda, I.P.A.; Pinto, L.F.M.; Prieto, A.; Rodrigues, D.J.; Rudas, A.; Ruschel, A.R.; Silva, N.; Vela, C.I.A.; Vos, V.A.; Zent, E.L.; Zent, S.; Weiss Albuquerque, B.; Cano, A.; Carrero Márquez, Y.A.; Correa, D.F.; Costa, J.B.P.; Flores, B.M.; Galbraith, D.; Holmgren, M.; Kalamandeen, M.; Nascimento, M.T.; Oliveira, A.A.; Ramirez-Angulo, H.; Rocha, M.; Scudeller, V.V.; Sierra, R.; Tirado, M.; Umaña Medina, M.N.; van der Heijden, G.; Vilanova Torre, E.; Vriesendorp, C.; Wang, O.; Young, K.R.; Ahuite Reategui, M.A.; Baider, C.; Balslev, H.; Cárdenas, S.; Casas, L.F.; Farfan-Rios, W.; Ferreira, C.; Linares-Palomino, R.; Mendoza, C.; Mesones, I.; Torres-Lezama, A.; Giraldo, L.E.U.; Villarroel, D.; Zagt, R.; Alexiades, M.N.; de Oliveira, E.A.; Garcia-Cabrera, K.; Hernandez, L.; Palacios Cuenca, W.; Pansini, S.; Pauletto, D.; Ramirez Arevalo, F.; Sampaio, A.F.; Sandoval, E.H.V.; Valenzuela Gamarra, L.; Levesley, A.; Pickavance, G.; Melgaço, K. |
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Title |
Rarity of monodominance in hyperdiverse Amazonian forests |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2019 |
Publication |
Scientific reports |
Abbreviated Journal |
Scientific reports |
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9 |
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1 |
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13822 |
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Tropical forests are known for their high diversity. Yet, forest patches do occur in the tropics where a single tree species is dominant. Such “monodominant” forests are known from all of the main tropical regions. For Amazonia, we sampled the occurrence of monodominance in a massive, basin-wide database of forest-inventory plots from the Amazon Tree Diversity Network (ATDN). Utilizing a simple defining metric of at least half of the trees over 10cm diameter belonging to one species, we found only a few occurrences of monodominance in Amazonia, and the phenomenon was not significantly linked to previously hypothesized life history traits such wood density, seed mass, ectomycorrhizal associations, or Rhizobium nodulation. In our analysis, coppicing (the formation of sprouts at the base of the tree or on roots) was the only trait significantly linked to monodominance. While at specific locales coppicing or ectomycorrhizal associations may confer a considerable advantage to a tree species and lead to its monodominance, very few species have these traits. Mining of the ATDN dataset suggests that monodominance is quite rare in Amazonia, and may be linked primarily to edaphic factors. |
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Department of Biology, University of Missouri, St. Louis, MO, 63121, USA |
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Export Date: 7 October 2019 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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887 |
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Leroy, C.; Maes, A.Q.; Louisanna, E.; Séjalon-Delmas, N. |
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How significant are endophytic fungi in bromeliad seeds and seedlings? Effects on germination, survival and performance of two epiphytic plant species |
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Journal Article |
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2019 |
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Fungal Ecology |
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Fungal Ecol. |
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39 |
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296-306 |
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Aechmea; Bromeliads; Endophytic fungi; Fusarium spp.; Germination; Survival; Trichoderma spp.; Vertical transmission |
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In bromeliads, nothing is known about the associations fungi form with seeds and seedling roots. We investigated whether fungal associations occur in the seeds and seedling roots of two epiphytic Aechmea species, and we explored whether substrate and fungal associations contribute to seed germination, and seedling survival and performance after the first month of growth. We found a total of 21 genera and 77 species of endophytic fungi in the seeds and seedlings for both Aechmea species by Illumina MiSeq sequencing. The fungal associations in seeds were found in the majority of corresponding seedlings, suggesting that fungi are transmitted vertically. Substrate quality modulated the germination and growth of seedlings, and beneficial endophytic fungi were not particularly crucial for germination but contributed positively to survival and growth. Overall, this study provides the first evidence of an endophytic fungal community in both the seeds and seedlings of two epiphytic bromeliads species that subsequently benefit plant growth. © 2019 Elsevier Ltd and British Mycological Society |
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INRA, UMR Ecologie des Forêts de Guyane (AgroParisTech, CIRAD, CNRS, INRA, Université de Guyane, Université des Antilles), Campus Agronomique, BP 316, Kourou cedex, F-97379, France |
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Elsevier Ltd |
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17545048 (Issn) |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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867 |
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Maurice, L.; López, F.; Becerra, S.; Jamhoury, H.; Le Menach, K.; Dévier, M.-H.; Budzinski, H.; Prunier, J.; Juteau-Martineau, G.; Ochoa-Herrera, V.; Quiroga, D.; Schreck, E. |
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Drinking water quality in areas impacted by oil activities in Ecuador: Associated health risks and social perception of human exposure |
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Journal Article |
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2019 |
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Science of the Total Environment |
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Sci. Total Environ. |
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690 |
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1203-1217 |
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Demineralized waters; Domestic waters; Hydrocarbons; Metal(loid)s; Oil activities; Social risk perception; Benzene refining; Health; Health risks; Hydrocarbons; Petroleum refineries; Petroleum refining; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; Potable water; Risk assessment; Risk perception; Toluene; Trace elements; Water quality; Water wells; Zinc; Arsenic concentration; Demineralized water; Domestic water; Information sources; Living conditions; Microbiological analysis; Natural backgrounds; Oil activities; Water distribution systems |
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The unregulated oil exploitation in the Northern Ecuadorian Amazon Region (NEAR), mainly from 1964 to the 90's, led to toxic compounds largely released into the environment. A large majority of people living in the Amazon region have no access to drinking water distribution systems and collects water from rain, wells or small streams. The concentrations of major ions, trace elements, PAHs (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) and BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylenes) were analyzed in different water sources to evaluate the impacts of oil extraction and refining. Samples were taken from the NEAR and around the main refinery of the country (Esmeraldas Oil Refinery/State Oil Company of Ecuador) and were compared with domestic waters from the Southern region, not affected by petroleum activities. In most of the samples, microbiological analysis revealed a high level of coliforms representing significant health risks. All measured chemical compounds in waters were in line with national and international guidelines, except for manganese, zinc and aluminum. In several deep-water wells, close to oil camps, toluene concentrations were higher than the natural background while PAHs concentrations never exceeded individually 2 ng·L−1. Water ingestion represented 99% of the total exposure pathways for carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic elements (mainly zinc) in adults and children, while 20% to 49% of the Total Cancer Risk was caused by arsenic concentrations. The health index (HI) indicates acceptable chronic effects for domestic use according the US-EPA thresholds. Nevertheless, these limits do not consider the cocktail effects of metallic and organic compounds. Furthermore, they do not include the social determinants of human exposure, such as socio-economic living conditions or vulnerability. Most (72%) of interviewed families knew sanitary risks but a discrepancy was observed between knowledge and action: religious beliefs, cultural patterns, information sources, experience and emotions play an important role front to exposure. © 2019 |
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Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel HillNC 2759, United States |
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Elsevier B.V. |
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00489697 (Issn) |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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877 |
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Aubry-Kientz, M.; Rossi, V.; Cornu, G.; Wagner, F.; Herault, B. |
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Temperature rising would slow down tropical forest dynamic in the Guiana Shield |
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Journal Article |
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2019 |
Publication |
Scientific Reports |
Abbreviated Journal |
Sci. Rep. |
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9 |
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10235 |
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article; biomass; climate change; controlled study; diagnostic test accuracy study; driver; human; joint; mortality rate; precipitation; prediction; sensitivity analysis; simulation; statistics; tree growth; tropical rain forest; water stress |
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Increasing evidence shows that the functioning of the tropical forest biome is intimately related to the climate variability with some variables such as annual precipitation, temperature or seasonal water stress identified as key drivers of ecosystem dynamics. How tropical tree communities will respond to the future climate change is hard to predict primarily because several demographic processes act together to shape the forest ecosystem general behavior. To overcome this limitation, we used a joint individual-based model to simulate, over the next century, a tropical forest community experiencing the climate change expected in the Guiana Shield. The model is climate dependent: temperature, precipitation and water stress are used as predictors of the joint growth and mortality rates. We ran simulations for the next century using predictions of the IPCC 5AR, building three different climate scenarios (optimistic RCP2.6, intermediate, pessimistic RCP8.5) and a control (current climate). The basal area, above-ground fresh biomass, quadratic diameter, tree growth and mortality rates were then computed as summary statistics to characterize the resulting forest ecosystem. Whatever the scenario, all ecosystem process and structure variables exhibited decreasing values as compared to the control. A sensitivity analysis identified the temperature as the strongest climate driver of this behavior, highlighting a possible temperature-driven drop of 40% in average forest growth. This conclusion is alarming, as temperature rises have been consensually predicted by all climate scenarios of the IPCC 5AR. Our study highlights the potential slow-down danger that tropical forests will face in the Guiana Shield during the next century. © 2019, The Author(s). |
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Institut National Polytechnique Félix Houphouët-Boigny (INP-HB), Yamoussoukro, Cote d'Ivoire |
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Nature Publishing Group |
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20452322 (Issn) |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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878 |
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Author |
Vleminckx, J.; Schimann, H.; Decaëns, T.; Fichaux, M.; Vedel, V.; Jaouen, G.; Roy, M.; Lapied, E.; Engel, J.; Dourdain, A.; Petronelli, P.; Orivel, J.; Baraloto, C. |
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Coordinated community structure among trees, fungi and invertebrate groups in Amazonian rainforests |
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Journal Article |
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2019 |
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Scientific Reports |
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Sci. Rep. |
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9 |
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11337 |
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Little is known regarding how trophic interactions shape community assembly in tropical forests. Here we assess multi-taxonomic community assembly rules using a rare standardized coordinated inventory comprising exhaustive surveys of five highly-diverse taxonomic groups exerting key ecological functions: trees, fungi, earthworms, ants and spiders. We sampled 36 1.9-ha plots from four remote locations in French Guiana including precise soil measurements, and we tested whether species turnover was coordinated among groups across geographic and edaphic gradients. All species group pairs exhibited significant compositional associations that were independent from soil conditions. For some of the pairs, associations were also partly explained by soil properties, especially soil phosphorus availability. Our study provides evidence for coordinated turnover among taxonomic groups beyond simple relationships with environmental factors, thereby refining our understanding regarding the nature of interactions occurring among these ecologically important groups. © 2019, The Author(s). |
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CIRAD, UMR Ecologie des Forêts de Guyane, Campus agronomique, BP 316, Kourou Cedex, 97379, France |
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Nature Publishing Group |
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20452322 (Issn) |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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879 |
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Richard-Hansen, C.; Davy, D.; Longin, G.; Gaillard, L.; Renoux, F.; Grenand, P.; Rinaldo, R. |
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Hunting in French Guiana Across Time, Space and Livelihoods |
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Journal Article |
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2019 |
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Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution |
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7 |
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289 |
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Hunting sustainability in Amazonian ecosystems is a key challenge for modern stakeholders. Predictive models have evolved from first mostly biological data-based to more recent modelling including human behavior. We analyze here the hunting data collected in French Guiana through a panel of indices aiming at drawing the puzzle of parameters influencing hunting activity and impact in various socio ecological conditions across the country. Data were collected from five different study sites differing in cultural origins and remoteness from market economy, and over a ten years period. Most indices show an impact on wildlife populations, and using a full set of indicators allowed us to better understand some underlying mechanisms that lead to a community’s hunting profile. The results showed that there are noticeable differences between the study sites in the practices and the ways hunters face the changes in environment and resources availability |
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2296-701x |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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880 |
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