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Schmitt, Sylvain ; Tysklind, Niklas ; Hérault, Bruno ; Heuertz, Myriam |
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Title |
Topography drives microgeographic adaptations of closely related species in two tropical tree species complexes |
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Journal Article |
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Year  |
2021 |
Publication |
Molecular Ecology |
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30 |
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20 |
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5080-5093 |
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Closely related tree species that grow in sympatry are abundant in rainforests. However, little is known of the ecoevolutionary processes that govern their niches and local coexistence. We assessed genetic species delimitation in closely related sympatric species belonging to two Neotropical tree species complexes and investigated their genomic adaptation to a fine-scale topographic gradient with associated edaphic and hydrologic features. Combining LiDAR-derived topography, tree inventories, and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from gene capture experiments, we explored genome-wide population genetic structure, covariation of environmental variables, and genotype-environment association to assess microgeographic adaptations to topography within the species complexes Symphonia (Clusiaceae), and Eschweilera (Lecythidaceae) with three species per complex and 385 and 257 individuals genotyped, respectively. Within species complexes, closely related tree species had different realized optima for topographic niches defined through the topographic wetness index or the relative elevation, and species displayed genetic signatures of adaptations to these niches. Symphonia species were genetically differentiated along water and nutrient distribution particularly in genes responding to water deprivation, whereas Eschweilera species were genetically differentiated according to soil chemistry. Our results suggest that varied topography represents a powerful driver of processes modulating tropical forest biodiversity with differential adaptations that stabilize local coexistence of closely related tree species. |
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Wiley |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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1045 |
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Seibold, Sebastien ; Rammer, Werner ; Hothorn, Torsten ; Seidl, Rupert ; Ulyshen, Michael ; Lorz, Janina ; Cadotte, Marc ; Lindenmayer, David ; Adhikari, Yagya ; Aragón, Roxana ; Bae, Soyeon ; Baldrian, Petr ; Barimani Varandi, Hassan ; Barlow, Jos ; Bässler, Clauss ; Beauchêne, Jacques ; and all ................... |
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The contribution of insects to global forest deadwood decomposition |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2021 |
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Nature |
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597 |
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7874 |
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77-81 |
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The amount of carbon stored in deadwood is equivalent to about 8 per cent of the global forest carbon stocks1. The decomposition of deadwood is largely governed by climate2-5 with decomposer groups-such as microorganisms and insects-contributing to variations in the decomposition rates2,6,7. At the global scale, the contribution of insects to the decomposition of deadwood and carbon release remains poorly understood7. Here we present a field experiment of wood decomposition across 55 forest sites and 6 continents. We find that the deadwood decomposition rates increase with temperature, and the strongest temperature effect is found at high precipitation levels. Precipitation affects the decomposition rates negatively at low temperatures and positively at high temperatures. As a net effect-including the direct consumption by insects and indirect effects through interactions with microorganisms-insects accelerate the decomposition in tropical forests (3.9% median mass loss per year). In temperate and boreal forests, we find weak positive and negative effects with a median mass loss of 0.9 per cent and -0.1 per cent per year, respectively. Furthermore, we apply the experimentally derived decomposition function to a global map of deadwood carbon synthesized from empirical and remote-sensing data, obtaining an estimate of 10.9 ± 3.2 petagram of carbon per year released from deadwood globally, with 93 per cent originating from tropical forests. Globally, the net effect of insects may account for 29 per cent of the carbon flux from deadwood, which suggests a functional importance of insects in the decomposition of deadwood and the carbon cycle. |
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NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP |
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1046 |
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Cecilia Blundo ; Julieta Carilla ; Ricardo Grau ; Agustina Malizia ; Lucio Malizia ; Oriana Osinaga-Acosta ; Michael Bird ; Bradford, Matt ; Damien Catchpole ; Andrew Ford ; Andrew Graham ; David Hilbert ; Jeanette Kemp ; Susan Laurance ; William Laurance ; Francoise Yoko Ishida ; Andrew Marshall ; Catherine Waite ; Hannsjoerg Woell ; Jean-Francois Bastin ; Marijn Bauters ; Hans Beeckman ; Pfascal Boeckx ; Jan Bogaert ; Charles De Canniere ; Thales de Haulleville ; Jean-Louis Doucet ; Olivier Hardy ; Wannes Hubau ; Elizabeth Kearsley ; Hans Verbeeck ; Jason Vleminckx ; Steven W. Brewer ; Alfredo Alarc´on ; Alejandro Araujo-Murakami ; Eric Arets ; Luzmila Arroyo ; Ezequiel Chavez ; Todd Fredericksen ; Ren´e Guill´en Villaroel ; Gloria Gutierrez Sibauty ; Timothy Killeen ; Juan Carlos Licona ; John Lleigue ; Casimiro Mendoza ; Samaria Murakami ; Alexander Parada Gutierrez ; Guido Pardo ; Marielos Pena-Claros ; Lourens Poorter ; Marisol Toledo ; Jeanneth Villalobos Cayo ; Laura Jessica Viscarra ; Vincent Vos ; Jorge Ahumada ; Everton Almeida ; Jarcilene Almeida aq, Edmar Almeida de Oliveira ; Wesley Alves da Cruz ; Atila Alves de Oliveira ; Fabrício Alvim Carvalho ; Flavio Amorim Obermuller ; Ana Andrade ; Fernanda Antunes Carvalho ; Simone Aparecida Vieira ; Ana Carla Aquino ; Luiz Aragao ; Ana Claudia Araújo ; Marco Antonio Assis ; Jose Ataliba Mantelli Aboin Gomes ; Fabrício Baccaro ; Plínio Barbosa de Camargo ; Paulo Barni ; Jorcely Barroso ; Luis Carlos Bernacci ; Kauane Bordin ; Marcelo Brilhante de Medeiros ; Igor Broggio ; Jose Luís Camargo ; Domingos Cardoso ; Maria Antonia Carniello ; Andre Luis Casarin Rochelle ; Carolina Castilho ; Antonio Alberto Jorge Farias Castro ; Wendeson Castro ; Sabina Cerruto Ribeiro ; Flavia Costa ; Rodrigo Costa de Oliveira ; Italo Coutinho ; John Cunha ; Lola da Costa ; Lucia da Costa Ferreira ; Richarlly da Costa Silva ; Marta da Graça Zacarias Simbine ; Vitor de Andrade Kamimura ; Haroldo Cavalcante de Lima ; Lia de Oliveira Melo ; Luciano de Queiroz ; Jose Romualdo de Sousa Lima ; Mario do Espírito Santo ; Tomas Domingues ; Nayane Cristina dos Santos Prestes ; Steffan Eduardo Silva Carneiro ; Fernando Elias ; Gabriel Eliseu ; Thaise Emilio ; Camila Laís Farrapo ; Letícia Fernandes ; Gustavo Ferreira ; Joice Ferreira ; Leandro Ferreira ; Socorro Ferreira ; Marcelo Fragomeni Simon ; Maria Aparecida Freitas ; Queila S. García ; Angelo Gilberto Manzatto ; Paulo Graça ; Frederico Guilherme ; Eduardo Hase ; Niro Higuchi ; Mariana Iguatemy ; Reinaldo Imbrozio Barbosa ; Margarita Jaramillo |
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Title |
Taking the pulse of Earth’s tropical forests using networks of highly distributed plots |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Biological Conservation |
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260 |
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Keywords |
parcelle, forêt tropicale, biodiversité forestière, Écosystème forestier, Écologie forestière, Changement de couvert végétal, Couvert forestier |
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Tropical forests are the most diverse and productive ecosystems on Earth. While better understanding of these forests is critical for our collective future, until quite recently efforts to measure and monitor them have been largely disconnected. Networking is essential to discover the answers to questions that transcend borders and the horizons of funding agencies. Here we show how a global community is responding to the challenges of tropical ecosystem research with diverse teams measuring forests tree-by-tree in thousands of long-term plots. We review the major scientific discoveries of this work and show how this process is changing tropical forest science. Our core approach involves linking long-term grassroots initiatives with standardized protocols and data management to generate robust scaled-up results. By connecting tropical researchers and elevating their status, our Social Research Network model recognises the key role of the data originator in scientific discovery. Conceived in 1999 with RAINFOR (South America), our permanent plot networks have been adapted to Africa (AfriTRON) and Southeast Asia (T-FORCES) and widely emulated worldwide. Now these multiple initiatives are integrated via ForestPlots.net cyber-infrastructure, linking colleagues from 54 countries across 24 plot networks. Collectively these are transforming understanding of tropical forests and their biospheric role. Together we have discovered how, where and why forest carbon and biodiversity are responding to climate change, and how they feedback on it. This long-term pan-tropical collaboration has revealed a large long-term carbon sink and its trends, as well as making clear which drivers are most important, which forest processes are affected, where they are changing, what the lags are, and the likely future responses of tropical forests as the climate continues to change. By leveraging a remarkably old technology, plot networks are sparking a very modern revolution in tropical forest science. In the future, humanity can benefit greatly by nurturing the grassroots communities now collectively capable of generating unique, long-term understanding of Earth's most precious forests. |
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Elsevier |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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1021 |
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Bréchet, Laëtitia M.; Daniel Warren; Stahl, Clément; Burban, Benoït; Goret, Jean-Yves; Salomon, Roberto L.; Janssens, Ivan A.o |
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Simultaéneous tree stem and soil greenhouse gas (CO2, CH4, N2O) flux measurements: a novel design for continuous monitoring towards improving flux estimates and temporal resolution |
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Journal Article |
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2021 |
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New Phytologist |
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230 |
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6 |
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2487-2500 |
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système de chambre automatisé ; efflux de dioxyde de carbone ; flux de méthane ; flux d'oxyde nitreux ; tige d'arbre ; forêt tropicale |
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Tree stems and soils can act as sources and sinks for the greenhouse gases (GHG) carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O). Since both uptake and emission capacities can be large, especially in tropical rainforests, accurate assessments of the magnitudes and temporal variations of stem and soil GHG fluxes are required. We designed a new flexible stem chamber system for continuously measuring GHG fluxes in a French Guianese rainforest. Here, we describe this new system, which is connected to an automated soil GHG flux system, and discuss measurement uncertainty and potential error sources. In line with findings for soil GHG flux estimates, we demonstrated that lengthening the stem chamber closure time was required for accurate estimates of tree stem CH4 and N2O flux but not tree stem CO2 flux. The instrumented stem was a net source of CO2 and CH4 and a weak sink of N2O. Our experimental setup operated successfully in situ and provided continuous tree and soil GHG measurements at a high temporal resolution over an 11-month period. This automated system is a major step forward in the measurement of GHG fluxes in stems and the atmosphere concurrently with soil GHG fluxes in tropical forest ecosystems. |
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New Phytologist Foundation |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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1004 |
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Van Langenhove, Leandro ; Verryckt, Lore T. ; Stahl, Clement ; Courtois, Elodie A. ; Urbina, Ifigenia ; Grau, Oriol ; Asensio, Dolores ; Peguero, Guille ; Margalef, Olga ; Freycon, Vincent ; Penuelas, Josep ; Janssens, Ivan A. |
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Soil nutrient variation along a shallow catena in Paracou, French Guiana |
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Journal Article |
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2021 |
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Soil Research |
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59 |
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2 |
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130 |
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French Guiana, lowland tropical forest, Paracou, phosphorus, topography, water drainage. |
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Tropical forests are generally considered to stand upon nutrient-poor soils, but soil nutrient concentrations and availabilities can vary greatly at local scale due to topographic effects on erosion and water drainage. In this study we physically and chemically characterised the soils of 12 study plots situated along a catena with a shallow slope in a tropical rainforest in French Guiana both during the wet and the dry season to evaluate seasonal differences. Soils along the catena were all Acrisols, but differed strongly in their water drainage flux. Over time, this differential drainage has led to differences in soil texture and mineral composition, affecting the adsorption of various nutrients, most importantly phosphorus. The more clayey soils situated on the slope of the catena had higher total concentrations of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and several micronutrients, while extractable nutrient concentrations were highest in the sandiest soils situated at the bottom of the catena. We found that carbon, nitrogen and extractable nutrients all varied seasonally, especially in the surface soil layer. These results are interesting because they show that, even at the local scale, small differences in topography can lead to large heterogeneity in nutrient concentrations, which can have large impacts on plant and microbial community organisation at the landscape level. |
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CSIRO Publishing |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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1042 |
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Mirabel, Ariane ; Marcon, Eric ; Hérault, Bruno |
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30 Years of postdisturbance recruitment in a Neotropical forest |
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2021 |
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Ecology and Evolution |
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11 |
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21 |
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14448-14458 |
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John Wiley & Sons, Ltd (10.1111) |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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1043 |
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Migliavacca, Mirco ; Musavi, Talie ; Mahecha, Miguel D. ; Nelson, Jacob A. ; Knauer, Jurgen ; Baldocchi, Dennis D. ; Perez-Priego, Oscar ; Christiansen, Rune ; Peters, Jonas ; Anderson, Karen ; Bahn, Michael ; Black, T. Andrew ; Blanken, Peter D. ; and all .................. |
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The three major axes of terrestrial ecosystem function |
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Journal Article |
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2021 |
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Nature |
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598 |
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7881 |
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468-472 |
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The leaf economics spectrum1,2 and the global spectrum of plant forms and functions3 revealed fundamental axes of variation in plant traits, which represent different ecological strategies that are shaped by the evolutionary development of plant species2. Ecosystem functions depend on environmental conditions and the traits of species that comprise the ecological communities4. However, the axes of variation of ecosystem functions are largely unknown, which limits our understanding of how ecosystems respond as a whole to anthropogenic drivers, climate and environmental variability4,5. Here we derive a set of ecosystem functions6 from a dataset of surface gas exchange measurements across major terrestrial biomes. We find that most of the variability within ecosystem functions (71.8%) is captured by three key axes. The first axis reflects maximum ecosystem productivity and is mostly explained by vegetation structure. The second axis reflects ecosystem water-use strategies and is jointly explained by variation in vegetation height and climate. The third axis, which represents ecosystem carbon-use efficiency, features a gradient related to aridity, and is explained primarily by variation in vegetation structure. We show that two state-of-the-art land surface models reproduce the first and most important axis of ecosystem functions. However, the models tend to simulate more strongly correlated functions than those observed, which limits their ability to accurately predict the full range o |
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Nature Publishing Group |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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1044 |
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Llusia, Joan ; Asensio, Dolores ; Sardans, Jordi ; Filella, Iolanda ; Peguero, Guille ; Grau, Oriol ; Ogaya, Roma ; Gargallo-Garriga, Albert ; Verryckt, Lore T. ; Van Langenhove, Leandro ; Brechet, Laëtitia M. ; Courtois, Elodie A. ; Stahl, Clément ; Janssens, Ivan A. ; Penuelas, Josep |
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Contrasting nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization effects on soil terpene exchanges in a tropical forest |
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Journal Article |
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2021 |
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Science of the Total Environment |
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802 |
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149769 |
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Production, emission, and absorption of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) in ecosystem soils and associated impacts of nutrient availability are unclear; thus, predictions of effects of global change on source-sink dynamic under increased atmospheric N deposition and nutrition imbalances are limited. Here, we report the dynamics of soil BVOCs under field conditions from two undisturbed tropical rainforests from French Guiana. We analyzed effects of experimental soil applications of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and N + P on soil BVOC exchanges (in particular of total terpenes, monoterpenes, and sesquiterpenes), to determine source and sink dynamics between seasons (dry and wet) and elevations (upper and lower elevations corresponding to top of the hills (30 m high) and bottom of the valley). We identified 45 soil terpenoids compounds emitted to the atmosphere, comprising 26 monoterpenes and 19 sesquiterpenes; of these, it was possible to identify 13 and 7 compounds, respectively. Under ambient conditions, soils acted as sinks of these BVOCs, with greatest soil uptake recorded for sesquiterpenes at upper elevations during the wet season (-282 μg m-2 h-1). Fertilization shifted soils from a sink to source, with greatest levels of terpene emissions recorded at upper elevations during the wet season, following the addition of N (monoterpenes: 406 μg m-2 h-1) and P (sesquiterpenes: 210 μg m-2 h-1). Total soil terpene emission rates were negatively correlated with total atmospheric terpene concentrations. These results indicate likely shifts in tropical soils from sink to source of atmospheric terpenes under projected increases in N deposition under global change, with potential impacts on regional-scale atmospheric chemistry balance and ecosystem function. |
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Elsevier |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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1033 |
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Poorter, Laurens ; Craven, Dylan ; Jakovac, Catarina C. ; van der Sande, Masha T. ; Amissah, Lucy ; Bongers, Frans ; Chazdon, Robin ; Farrioir, Caroline E. ; Kambach, Stephan ; Meave, Jorge A. ; Munoz, Rodrigo ; Norden, Natalia ; Ruger, Nadja ; van Breugel, Michiel ; et all ...... |
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Multidimensional tropical forest recovery |
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Journal Article |
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2021 |
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Science |
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374 |
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6573 |
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1370-1376 |
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Tropical forests disappear rapidly because of deforestation, yet they have the potential to regrow naturally on abandoned lands. We analyze how 12 forest attributes recover during secondary succession and how their recovery is interrelated using 77 sites across the tropics. Tropical forests are highly resilient to low-intensity land use; after 20 years, forest attributes attain 78% (33 to 100%) of their old-growth values. Recovery to 90% of old-growth values is fastest for soil (<1 decade) and plant functioning (<2.5 decades), intermediate for structure and species diversity (2.5 to 6 decades), and slowest for biomass and species composition (>12 decades). Network analysis shows three independent clusters of attribute recovery, related to structure, species diversity, and species composition. Secondary forests should be embraced as a low-cost, natural solution for ecosystem restoration, climate change mitigation, and biodiversity conservation. |
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American association for the advancement of science |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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1039 |
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Van Langenhove, Leandro ; Depaepe, Thomas ; Verryckt, Lore T. ; Vallicrosa, Helena ; Fuchslueger, Lucia ; Lugli, Laynara F. ; Bréchet, Laëtitia M. ; Ogaya, Roma ; Llusia, Joan ; Urbina, Ifigenia ; Gargallo-Garriga, Albert ; Grau, Oriol ; Richter, Andreas ; Penuelas, Josep ; Van Der Straeten, Dominique ; August Janssens, Ivan A. |
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Impact of Nutrient Additions on Free-Living Nitrogen Fixation in Litter and Soil of Two French-Guianese Lowland Tropical Forests |
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Journal Article |
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2021 |
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JGR Biogeosciences |
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126 |
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In tropical forests, free-living Biological nitrogen (N) fixation (BNF) in soil and litter tends to decrease when substrate N concentrations increase, whereas increasing phosphorus (P) and molybdenum (Mo) soil and litter concentrations have been shown to stimulate free-living BNF rates. Yet, very few studies explored the effects of adding N, P, and Mo together in a single large-scale fertilization experiment, which would teach us which of these elements constrain or limit BNF activities. At two distinct forest sites in French Guiana, we performed a 3-year in situ nutrient addition study to explore the effects of N, P, and Mo additions on leaf litter and soil BNF. Additionally, we conducted a short-term laboratory study with the same nutrient addition treatments (+N, +N+P, +P, +Mo, and +P+Mo). We found that N additions alone suppressed litter free-living BNF in the field, but not in the short-term laboratory study, while litter free-living BNF remained unchanged in response to N+P additions. Additionally, we found that P and P+Mo additions stimulated BNF in leaf litter, both in the field and in the lab, while Mo alone yielded no changes. Soil BNF increased with P and P+Mo additions in only one of the field sites, while in the other site soil BNF increased with Mo and P+Mo additions. We concluded that increased substrate N concentrations suppress BNF. Moreover, both P and Mo have the potential to limit free-living BNF in these tropical forests, but the balance between P versus Mo limitation is determined by site-specific characteristics of nutrient supply and demand. |
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American Geophysical Union |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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1040 |
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