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Courtois, E.A.; Paine, C.E.T.; Blandinieres, P.A.; Stien, D.; Bessiere, J.M.; Houel, E.; Baraloto, C.; Chave, J. |
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Title |
Diversity of the Volatile Organic Compounds Emitted by 55 Species of Tropical Trees: a Survey in French Guiana |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2009 |
Publication |
Journal of Chemical Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Chem. Ecol. |
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Volume  |
35 |
Issue |
11 |
Pages |
1349-1362 |
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Keywords |
VOCs; Chemical diversity; Sesquiterpenes; Tropical; French Guiana |
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Abstract |
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are produced by a broad range of organisms, from bacteria to mammals, and they represent a vast chemical diversity. In plants, one of the preeminent roles of VOCs is their repellent or cytotoxic activity, which helps the plant deter its predators. Most studies on VOCs emitted by vegetative parts have been conducted in model plant species, and little is known about patterns of VOC emissions in diverse plant communities. We conducted a survey of the VOCs released immediately after mechanical damage of the bark and the leaves of 195 individual trees belonging to 55 tropical tree species in a lowland rainforest of French Guiana. We discovered a remarkably high chemical diversity, with 264 distinct VOCs and a mean of 37 compounds per species. Two monoterpenes (alpha-pinene and limonene) and two sesquiterpenes (beta-caryophyllene and alpha-copaene), which are known to have cytotoxic and deterrent effects, were the most frequent compounds in the sampled species. As has been established for floral scents, the blend of VOCs is largely species-specific and could be used to discriminate among 43 of the 55 sampled species. The species with the most diverse blends were found in the Sapindales, Laurales, and Magnoliales, indicating that VOC diversity is not uniformly distributed among tropical species. Interspecific variation in chemical diversity was caused mostly by variation in sesquiterpenes. This study emphasizes three aspects of VOC emission by tropical tree species: the species-specificity of the mixtures, the importance of sesquiterpenes, and the wide-ranging complexity of the mixtures. |
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[Courtois, Elodie A.; Blandinieres, Pierre-Alain; Stien, Didier; Houel, Emeline] CNRS, UMR Ecofog, F-97337 Cayenne, France, Email: courtois@cict.fr |
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0098-0331 |
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ISI:000273086100009 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
73 |
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Author |
Ferrer, A.; Dixon, A.F.; Gibernau, M.; Hemptinne, J.L. |
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Title |
Ovarian dynamics and specialisation in ladybirds |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2010 |
Publication |
Ecological Entomology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ecol. Entomol. |
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Volume |
35 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
100-103 |
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Keywords |
Ladybird beetles; oocyte resorption; ovarian dynamics; specialisation |
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Abstract |
2. This hypothesis was tested by comparing a generalist and a specialist ladybird species belonging to the same genus. 3. A resorption index was calculated for females of both species subjected to several starvation regimes. This index indicated that over a period of fasting of 3 days, the intensity of resorption was greater in the generalist than the specialist. When food was again supplied, oogenesis resumed and within 1 day was faster in the generalist than in the specialist. 4. As predicted, the resorption of oocytes and replenishment occurred faster in the generalist than in the specialist species. This is the first time, to our knowledge, that the speed and intensity of the ovarian dynamics of a predatory insect have been linked to its way of life. |
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Address |
[Ferrer, Aurelie; Hemptinne, Jean-Louis] Univ Toulouse ENFAT, CNRS, UMR 5174, F-31326 Castanet Tolosan, France, Email: jean-louis.hemptinne@educagri.fr |
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WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC |
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0307-6946 |
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ISI:000273454300013 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
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86 |
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Author |
Roux, O.; Martin, J.M.; Ghomsi, N.T.; Dejean, A. |
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Title |
A Non-lethal Water-based Removal-reapplication Technique for Behavioral Analysis of Cuticular Compounds of Ants |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2009 |
Publication |
Journal of Chemical Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Chem. Ecol. |
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Volume |
35 |
Issue |
8 |
Pages |
904-912 |
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Keywords |
Ants; Behavioral assay; Behavioral ecology; Camponotus blandus; Chemical composition; Chemical ecology; Cuticular hydrocarbons; Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry; Live dummies; Solenopsis saevissima; Methods |
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Abstract |
Interspecific relationships among insects are often mediated by chemical cues, including non-volatile cuticular compounds. Most of these compounds are hydrocarbons that necessitate the use of solvents for their extraction, identification, and manipulation during behavioral assays. The toxicity of these solvents often precludes the removal and reapplication of hydrocarbons from and to live insects. As a consequence, dummies often are used in behavioral assays, but their passivity can bias the behavior of the responding insects. To overcome these limitations, we propose a method where cuticular compounds are extracted from live ants by placing them into glass vials half-filled with tepid water (ca. 34A degrees C) and vigorously shaking the vials to form an emulsion whose supernatant can be analyzed and/or reapplied to other ants. We demonstrate that cuticular compounds can be extracted from workers of the red fire ant, Solenopsis saevissima, and reapplied to the cuticle of workers from a sympatric species, Camponotus blandus (both Hymenoptera: Formicidae), while keeping the ants alive. Gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric analysis and behavioral assays were used to confirm the successful transfer of the behaviorally active compounds. |
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[Roux, Olivier; Martin, Jean-Michel; Dejean, Alain] Ecol Forets Guyane, CNRS, UMR 8172, F-97379 Kourou, France, Email: oroux@cict.fr |
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0098-0331 |
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ISI:000269954400006 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
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104 |
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Author |
Herault, B.; Thoen, D. |
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Title |
How habitat area, local and regional factors shape plant assemblages in isolated closed depressions |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2009 |
Publication |
Acta Oecologica-International Journal of Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Acta Oecol.-Int. J. Ecol. |
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Volume |
35 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
385-392 |
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Keywords |
Closed depressions; Colonization; Connectivity; Fragmented habitats; Emergent Groups; Open and forested landscape; Life-history traits |
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Abstract |
Classifying species by shared life-history traits is important if common ecological response groups are to be identified among different species. We investigated how habitat area, local and regional factors shape plant communities in small isolated closed depressions, and how the species richness is related to the interplay between environmental factors and specific life-history trait combinations. In Central-Western Europe, 169 closed depressions were completely Surveyed for plant presence in two highly contrasted landscapes (forested and open landscapes). All species were clustered into 9 Emergent Groups based oil 10 life-history traits related to plant dispersal, establishment and persistence. Habitat areas were related to species presence using logistic regressions. Most Emergent Groups were more area-dependent in open than in forested landscapes, owing to heterogeneous light levels in forest weakening the species-area relationship. In open landscapes, Floating Hydrophytes were severely underrepresented in very small depressions, owing to the absence of waterfowl poulation. Local environmental and regional factors were related to species richness using Generalized Linear Models. In open landscapes, local environmental factors such as water conductivity or soil productivity are respectively the main predictors. In forested landscapes, the abundance of most Emergent Groups Was better predicted by regional factors, i.e., habitat connectivity and distance to the forest edge. Forested landscapes strongly impeded the closed depressions' colonization by the less mobile Emergent Groups Such as Large-seeded Perennials. (C) 2009 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved. |
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Address |
[Herault, Bruno] Univ Antilles Guyane, UMR EcoFoG, F-97387 Kourou, France, Email: bruno.herault@ecofog.gf |
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GAUTHIER-VILLARS/EDITIONS ELSEVIER |
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1146-609X |
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ISI:000266174400006 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
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112 |
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Roussel, J.-R.; Clair, B. |
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Title |
Evidence of the late lignification of the G-layer in Simarouba tension wood, to assist understanding how non-G-layer species produce tensile stress |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2015 |
Publication |
Tree Physiology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Tree Physiology |
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Volume |
35 |
Issue |
12 |
Pages |
1366-1377 |
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Keywords |
maturation stress generation; ontogeny; Simarouba amara Aubl.; tension wood cell wall; tree biomechanics |
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To recover verticality after disturbance, angiosperm trees produce 'tension wood' allowing them to bend actively. The driving force of the tension has been shown to take place in the G-layer, a specific unlignified layer of the cell wall observed in most temperate species. However, in tropical rain forests, the G-layer is often absent and the mechanism generating the forces to reorient trees remains unclear. A study was carried out on tilted seedlings, saplings and adult Simarouba amara Aubl. trees – a species known to not produce a G-layer. Microscopic observations were done on sections of normal and tension wood after staining or observed under UV light to assess the presence/absence of lignin. We showed that S. amara produces a cell-wall layer with all of the characteristics typical of G-layers, but that this G-layer can be observed only as a temporary stage of the cell-wall development because it is masked by a late lignification. Being thin and lignified, tension wood fibres cannot be distinguished from normal wood fibres in the mature wood of adult trees. These observations indicate that the mechanism generating the high tensile stress in tension wood is likely to be the same as that in species with a typical G-layer and also in species where the G-layer cannot be observed in mature cells. © 2015 The Author 2015. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. |
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Address |
CNRS, UMR Ecologie des Forêts de Guyane (EcoFoG), Campus Agronomique, BP 701, Kourou, France |
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Notes |
Export Date: 25 March 2016 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
Serial |
672 |
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Author |
Degen, B.; Roubilk, D.W. |
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Title |
Effects of animal pollination on pollen dispersal, selfing, and effective population size of tropical trees: A simulation study |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Biotropica |
Abbreviated Journal |
Biotropica |
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36 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
165-179 |
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Keywords |
Amazon; bees; Brazil; Dipteryx; Jacaranda; model; pollination; sensitivity analysis; trees |
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Abstract |
Animals, especially insects, are principal pollen vectors of tropical trees and have behavior patterns that affect gene dispersal. Here, we explore complex pollination systems using a new simulation model Eco-Gene and considering, among other factors, flowering synchrony. spatial distribution of trees, degree of selfing, population densities, pollinator flight distances, pollen deposition, and pollinator response to floral display size. Sensitivity analyses using two contrasting tree data sets (Jacaranda copaia and Dipteryx odorata) determined the importance of each parameter on three response variables: the proportion of seeds from self-pollination, effective population size, and pollen dispersal. Spatial considerations and attractiveness of floral displays were prominent features determining the population genetic result of pollinators, and some biological implications of the results are discussed. |
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INRA, Kourou 97387, French Guiana, Email: degen_b@kourou.cirad.fr |
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ASSOC TROPICAL BIOLOGY INC |
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0006-3606 |
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ISI:000222092900006 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
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264 |
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Le Lann, C.; Roux, O.; Serain, N.; Van Alphen, J.J.M.; Vernon, P.; Van Baaren, J. |
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Title |
Thermal tolerance of sympatric hymenopteran parasitoid species: does it match seasonal activity? |
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Journal Article |
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2011 |
Publication |
Physiological Entomology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Physiol. Entomol. |
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Volume |
36 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
21-28 |
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Climate change; critical thermal limits; CTmax; CTmin; dry mass; guild; hind tibia length; seasonal activities; surface to volume ratio |
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Abstract |
Climatic changes result in an increased in mean temperature and in a higher incidence of extreme weather events such as heat and cold waves. For ectotherms, such as insect parasitoids, the ability to remain active under extreme climatic conditions is a significant key to fitness. The body size of individuals, and in particular their surface to volume ratio, may play a role in their resistance to thermal conditions. The thermal tolerances are investigated of two closely-related sympatric parasitoid species [Aphidius avenae Haliday and Aphidius rhopalosiphi De Stefani-Perez (Hymenoptera: Aphidiinae)] that have a similar ecology but differ in body size and phenologies. The critical thermal limits of individuals are assessed in both sexes of each parasitoid species and the influence of surface volume ratios on their thermal tolerances. Aphidius avenae is less resistant to low temperatures and more resistant to high temperatures than A. rhopalosiphi. The lower surface to volume ratio of A. avenae individuals may help them to remain active in summer when experiencing heat waves. However, body size is not the sole factor that plays a role in differences of thermal tolerance between species and body size may not be an adaptation to extreme temperatures but rather a by-product of developmental regulation. Closely-related sympatric species from the same ecological guild can have different thermal tolerances that may allow them to occur within the same habitat. The present study also highlights the importance of clearly defining how to measure critical thermal limits to determine the thermal tolerance of a species. |
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[Le Lann, Cecile; Serain, Nelly; Van Alphen, Jacques J. M.; Vernon, Philippe; Van Baaren, Joan] Univ Rennes 1, UMR CNRS ECOBIO 6553, F-35042 Rennes, France, Email: cecile.lelann@univ-rennes1.fr |
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Wiley-Blackwell |
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0307-6962 |
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ISI:000287790900004 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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294 |
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Bourguignon, T.; Sobotnik, J.; Lepoint, G.; Martin, J.M.; Hardy, O.J.; Dejean, A.; Roisin, Y. |
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Title |
Feeding ecology and phylogenetic structure of a complex neotropical termite assemblage, revealed by nitrogen stable isotope ratios |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Ecological Entomology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ecol. Entomol. |
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Volume |
36 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
261-269 |
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Keywords |
Diet diversity; feeding groups; Isoptera; phylogenetic autocorrelation |
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2. Nitrogen stable isotopes (hereafter delta 15N) were used to place termites from French Guiana rainforests along a wood-soil decomposition gradient, to test (i) whether feeding group assignation based on morphological characters was accurate and actually represented diet specialisation thresholds, and (ii) to what extent the dietary specialization of species is explained by phylogeny (phylogenetic autocorrelation). 3. delta 15N values vary over a range of 13 parts per thousand, suggesting that diet diversification contributes to the high species diversity in French Guiana. delta 15N values span a similar interval in all Termitidae subfamilies. Ranges of different subfamilies broadly overlap, although each of them diversified preferentially on one side of the wood-soil decomposition gradient. Congeneric species share similar feeding habits, whereas distant species tend to feed on distinct substrates. 4. Feeding groups did not completely match stable isotope data: there was no discontinuity between Groups III and IV, and no correlation between anatomical criteria used to distinguish these groups and delta 15N values. Nor was there any consistent difference in delta 15N values between wood feeders of the families Rhinotermitidae (Group I) and Termitidae (Group II). We also suggest that species feeding outside the wood-soil gradient should be distinguished for their peculiar feeding requirements. |
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[Sobotnik, Jan] Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Organ Chem & Biochem, Res Team Infochem, CR-16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic, Email: sobotnik@uochb.cas.cz |
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Wiley-Blackwell |
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0307-6946 |
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ISI:000288456300016 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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302 |
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Abedini, R.; Clair, B.; Pourtahmasi, K.; Laurans, F.; Arnould, O. |
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Title |
Cell wall thickening in developing tension wood of artificially bent poplar trees |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2015 |
Publication |
IAWA Journal |
Abbreviated Journal |
IAWA Journal |
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36 |
Issue |
1 |
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44-57 |
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developing xylem; Gelatinous layer; maturation stress; secondary wall layer; tree biomechanics |
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Trees can control their shape and resist gravity thanks to their ability to produce wood under tensile stress. This stress is known to be produced during the maturation of wood fibres but the mechanism of its generation remains unclear. This study focuses on the formation of the secondary wall in tension wood produced in artificially tilted poplar saplings. Thickness of secondary wall layer (SL) and gelatinous layer (GL) were measured from cambium to mature wood in several trees sampled at different times after tilting. Measurements on wood fibres produced before tilting show the progressive increase of secondary wall thickness during the growing season. After the tilting date, SL thickness decreased markedly from normal wood to tension wood while the total thickness increased compared to normal wood, with the development of a thick GL. However, even after GL formation, SL thickness continues to increase during the growing season. GL thickening was observed to be faster than SL thickening. The development of the unlignified GL is proposed to be a low cost, efficient strategy for a fast generation of tensile stress in broadleaved trees. © 2015 International Association of Wood Anatomists. |
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INRA, UR588 Amélioration, Génétique et Physiologie ForestièresOrléans, France |
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Export Date: 17 April 2015 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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596 |
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Remy, C.C.; Fleury, M.; Beauchene, J.; Rivier, M.; Goli, T. |
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Title |
Analysis of PAH Residues and Amounts of Phenols in Fish Smoked with Woods Traditionally Used in French Guiana |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Journal of Ethnobiology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Journal of Ethnobiology |
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Volume |
36 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
312-325 |
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Keywords |
French Guiana; phenols; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; smoked fish; traditional knowledge |
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Abstract |
Fish smoking with local wood species is a traditional practice in French Guiana. We evaluated the carcinogenic risk and the smoky taste in acoupa weakfish (Cynoscion acoupa) smoked by a small Guianese company specializing in fish smoking using local wood species. The goal of this study is to promote regional economic development by encouraging the establishment of small companies offering fish smoked with local wood species in agreement with the European health norms in terms of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) content in smoked fish. The fish smoked with three species of wood traditionally used in French Guiana, Parinari campestris, Caesaria grandiflora, and Laetia procera, conformed to European standards for PAH content. Their phenol contents (correlated with the smoky taste) were close to smoked salmon, the reference in Europe. Given the low rate of extractable compounds in these woods, other flavors had little chance of predominating on the smoky taste. These three tropical wood species might be used for the production of cold smoked fish in compliance with European standards for PAH residues. The flavor and consumer's acceptance of the smoked fish should now be investigated to characterize the added typicity of local woods in comparison to the commonly used European woods. © 2016 Society of Ethnobiology. |
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4UMR Qualisud, CIRAD Persyst Bât, France |
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Export Date: 1 September 2016 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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692 |
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