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Author |
Christensen-Dalsgaard, K.K.; Ennos, A.R.; Fournier, M. |
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Title |
Interrelations between hydraulic and mechanical stress adaptations in woody plants |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2008 |
Publication |
Plant Signaling and Behavior |
Abbreviated Journal |
Plant. Signal. Behav. |
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3 |
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7 |
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463-465 |
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Conductivity; Modulus of elasticity; Strain; Tree ecophysiology; Tropical trees; Wood anatomy; Yield stress |
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The fields of plant water relations and plant biomechanics have traditionally been studied separately even though often the same tissues are responsible for water transport and mechanical support. There is now increasing evidence that hydraulic and mechanical adaptations may influence one another. We studied the changes in the hydraulic and mechanical properties of the wood along lateral roots of two species of buttressed trees. In these roots, the mechanical contstraints quantified by strain measurements are known to decrease distally. Further, we investigated the effect of mechanical loading on the vessel anatomy in these and four other species of tropical trees. We found that as the strain decreased, the wood became progressively less stiff and strong but the conductivity increased exponentially. This was reflected in that adaptations towards re-enforcing mechanically loaded areas resulted in xylem with fewer and smaller vessels. In addition a controlled growth experiment on three tree species showed that drought adaptation may results in plants with stronger and stiffer tissue. Our results indicate that hydraulic and mechanical stress adaptations may be interrelated, and so support recent studied suggesting that physiological responses are complex balances rather than pure optimisations. ©2008 Landes Bioscience. |
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University of Alberta, Department of Renewable Resources, 4-44 Earth Science Bldg., Edmonton, AB T6G 2E3, Canada |
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15592316 (Issn) |
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Export Date: 25 January 2012; Source: Scopus; Language of Original Document: English; Correspondence Address: Christensen-Dalsgaard, K. K.; University of Alberta, Department of Renewable Resources, 4-44 Earth Science Bldg., Edmonton, AB T6G 2E3, Canada; email: kkchrist@ualberta.ca |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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380 |
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Quéméré, Erwan ; Aucourt, Marie ; Troispoux, Valérie ; Brosse, Sébastien ; Murienne, Jérôme ; Covain, Raphael ; Le Bail, Pierre-Yves ; Olivier, Jean ; Tysklind, Niklas ; Galan, Maxime |
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Unraveling the dietary diversity of Neotropical top predators using scat DNA metabarcoding: A case study on the elusive Giant Otter |
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Journal Article |
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2021 |
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Environmental DNA |
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3 |
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5 |
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889-900 |
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Large carnivores play a pivotal regulating role in maintaining healthy and balanced ecosystems; however, most of them are rare and elusive, and knowledge about their resource consumption is scarce. Traditional methods based on morphological identification of undigested remains are labor intensive and often not sufficiently accurate, leading to errors and biased ecological inferences. Here, we developed a multi-marker DNA metabarcoding approach to analyze the dietary diversity of giant otters (Pteronura brasiliensis) from fecal DNA while controlling predator species identity. We combined two mitochondrial markers, 12S rRNA and cytochrome c oxidase 1 (COI) gene, that target the full range of potential vertebrate and invertebrate prey. We compiled a local reference database of DNA barcodes for most potentially ingested fish, which were used to evaluate the specificity of the metabarcoding primers in silico. Most prey are identified at the species level (>90%) and the dietary profiles provided independently by the two markers are highly similar, whether in terms of list of prey or frequency of occurrences, hence validating the approach. We detected a higher number of rare fish prey with the 12S primers that amplified solely Teleost species while the degenerate COI primers revealed non-fish prey (e.g., amphibians, snakes, birds, and earthworms) and confirmed predator species identity. This study demonstrated that scat DNA metabarcoding is particularly useful to provide in-depth information on elusive carnivorous dietary profile. Our methodology opens up new opportunities to understand how top carnivores diet cope with the effects of anthropogenic alteration of ecosystems and identify conflicts with humans and livestock. |
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Wiley |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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1054 |
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Brendel, O.; Le Thiec, D.; Scotti-Saintagne, C.; Bodenes, C.; Kremer, A.; Guehl, J.M. |
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Quantitative trait loci controlling water use efficiency and related traits in Quercus robur L |
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Journal Article |
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2008 |
Publication |
Tree Genetics & Genomes |
Abbreviated Journal |
Tree Genet. Genomes |
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4 |
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2 |
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263-278 |
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Quercus robur; carbon isotope composition; delta C-13; water use efficiency; QTL |
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Genetic variation for intrinsic water use efficiency (W-i) and related traits was estimated in a full-sib family of Quercus robur L. over 3 years. The genetic linkage map available for this F1 family was used to locate quantitative trait loci (QTL) for W-i, as estimated by leaf carbon stable isotope composition (delta C-13) or the ratio of net CO2 assimilation rate (A) to stomatal conductance to water vapour (g(w)) and related leaf traits. Gas exchange measurements were used to standardize estimates of A and g(w) and to model the sensitivity of gw to leaf-to-air vapour pressure deficit (sg(VPD)). delta C-13 varied by more than 3% among the siblings, which is equivalent to 40% variation of W-i. Most of the studied traits exhibited high clonal mean repeat-abilities (> 50%; proportion of clonal mean variability in global variance). Repeatabilities for delta C-13, leaf mass per area (LMA) and leaf nitrogen content were higher than 70%. For delta C-13, ten QTLs were detected, one of which was detected repeatedly for all 3 years and consistently explained more than 20% of measured variance. Four genomic regions were found in which co-localizing traits linked variation in W-i to variations in leaf chlorophyll and nitrogen content, LMA and sg(VPD). A positive correlation using clonal means between delta C-13 and A/g(w), as well as a co-localisation of QTL detected for both traits, can be seen as validation of the theoretical model linking the genetic architecture of these two traits. |
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[Brendel, Oliver; Le Thiec, Didier; Guehl, Jean-Marc] Ctr INRA Nancy, UMR INRA UHP 1137, F-54280 Seichamps, France, Email: brendel@nancy.inra.fr |
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SPRINGER HEIDELBERG |
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1614-2942 |
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ISI:000253091100013 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
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143 |
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Leroy, C.; Corbara, B.; Dejean, A.; Céréghino, R. |
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Potential sources of nitrogen in an ant-garden tank-bromeliad |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2009 |
Publication |
Plant Signaling and Behavior |
Abbreviated Journal |
Plant. Signal. Behav. |
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Volume |
4 |
Issue |
9 |
Pages |
868-870 |
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Keywords |
Aechmea mertensii Camponotus femoratus nitrogen nitrogen stable isotope Pachycondyla goeldii plant-insect interactions phytotelmata |
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Abstract |
Epiphytic plants in general and bromeliads in particular live in a water and nutrient-stressed environment often limited in nitrogen. Thus, these plants have developed different ways to survive in such an environment. We focused on Aechmea mertensii (Bromeliaceae), which is both a tank-bromeliad and an ant-garden (AG) epiphyte initiated by either the ants Camponotus femoratus or Pachycondyla goeldii. By combining a study of plant morphology and physiology associated with aquatic insect biology, we demonstrate that the ant species influences the leaf structure of the bromeliad, the structure of the aquatic community in its tank, and nutrient assimilation by the leaves. Based on nitrogen and nitrogen stable isotope measurements of the A. mertensii leaves, the leaf litter inside of the tank and the root-embedded carton nest, we discuss the potential sources of available nitrogen for the plant based on the ant partner. We demonstrate the existence of a complex ant-plant interaction that subsequently affects the biodiversity of a broader range of organisms that are themselves likely to influence nutrient assimilation by the A. mertensii leaves in a kind of plant-invertebrate-plant feedback loop. |
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Potential sources of nitrogen in an ant-garden tank-bromeliad |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ 12 |
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186 |
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Gonzalez, M.A.; Baraloto, C.; Engel, J.; Mori, S.A.; Petronelli, P.; Riera, B.; Roger, A.; Thebaud, C.; Chave, J. |
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Title |
Identification of Amazonian Trees with DNA Barcodes |
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Journal Article |
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2009 |
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PLoS One |
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PLoS One |
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4 |
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10 |
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e7483 |
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Background: Large-scale plant diversity inventories are critical to develop informed conservation strategies. However, the workload required for classic taxonomic surveys remains high and is particularly problematic for megadiverse tropical forests. Methodology/Principal Findings: Based on a comprehensive census of all trees in two hectares of a tropical forest in French Guiana, we examined whether plant DNA barcoding could contribute to increasing the quality and the pace of tropical plant biodiversity surveys. Of the eight plant DNA markers we tested (rbcLa, rpoC1, rpoB, matK, ycf5, trnL, psbA-trnH, ITS), matK and ITS had a low rate of sequencing success. More critically, none of the plastid markers achieved a rate of correct plant identification greater than 70%, either alone or combined. The performance of all barcoding markers was noticeably low in few species-rich clades, such as the Laureae, and the Sapotaceae. A field test of the approach enabled us to detect 130 molecular operational taxonomic units in a sample of 252 juvenile trees. Including molecular markers increased the identification rate of juveniles from 72% (morphology alone) to 96% (morphology and molecular) of the individuals assigned to a known tree taxon. Conclusion/Significance: We conclude that while DNA barcoding is an invaluable tool for detecting errors in identifications and for identifying plants at juvenile stages, its limited ability to identify collections will constrain the practical implementation of DNA-based tropical plant biodiversity programs. |
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PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE |
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1932-6203 |
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ISI:000270880700009 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
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189 |
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Le Guen, V.; Rodier-Goud, M.; Troispoux, V.; Xiong, T.C.; Brottier, P.; Billot, C.; Seguin, M. |
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Characterization of polymorphic microsatellite markers for Microcyclus ulei, causal, agent of South American leaf blight of rubber trees |
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Journal Article |
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2004 |
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Molecular Ecology Notes |
Abbreviated Journal |
Mol. Ecol. Notes |
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4 |
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1 |
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122-124 |
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Hevea brasiliensis; Microcyclus ulei; microsatellite markers; phytopathogenic fungi; South American leaf blight |
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South American leaf blight caused by the ascomycete Microcyclus Wei is the most harmful disease of the rubber tree in Latin America and a potential threat to Asiatic and African natural rubber production. Until now, the variability of this fungus was assessed through observation of pathogenicity of isolates on a range of rubber tree clones with known resistance reactions. The present study describes the process used to design 11 microsatellite markers and evaluates their usefulness in detecting genetic polymorphism. Nine of these markers were polymorphic among six isolates from Brazil (with two to three alleles per locus) and five markers were polymorphic among four isolates from French Guiana (with two to four alleles per locus). |
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CIRAD, F-97387 Kourou, France, Email: vincent.le_guen@cirad.fr |
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BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD |
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1471-8278 |
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ISI:000189159500037 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
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265 |
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Siebicke, L.; Steinfeld, G.; Foken, T. |
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CO2-gradient measurements using a parallel multi-analyzer setup |
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Journal Article |
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2011 |
Publication |
Atmospheric Measurement Techniques |
Abbreviated Journal |
Atmos. Meas. Tech. |
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4 |
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3 |
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409-423 |
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Accurate CO2 concentration gradient measurements are needed for the computation of advective flux terms, which are part of the full Net Ecosystem Exchange (NEE) budget equation. A typical draw back of current gradient measurement designs in advection research is the inadequate sampling of complex flow phenomena using too few observation points in space and time. To overcome this draw back, a new measurement design is presented which allows the parallel measurement of several sampling points at a high frequency. Due to the multi-analyzer nature of the design, inter-instrument bias becomes more of a concern compared to conventional setups. Therefore a statistical approach is presented which allows for accurate observations of concentration gradients, which are typically small in relation to analyzer accuracy, to be obtained. This bias correction approach applies a conditional, time dependent signal correction. The correction depends on a mixing index based on cross correlation analysis, which characterizes the degree of mixing of the atmosphere between individual sample points. The approach assumes statistical properties of probability density functions (pdf) of concentration differences between a sample point and the field average which are common to the pdf's from several sample points. The applicability of the assumptions made was tested by Large Eddy Simulation (LES) using the model PALM and could be verified for a test case of well mixed conditions. The study presents concentration time series before and after correction, measured at a 2 m height in the sub-canopy at the FLUXNET spruce forest site Waldstein-Weidenbrunnen (DE-Bay), analyzes the dependence of statistical parameters of pdf's from atmospheric parameters such as stratification, quantifies the errors and evaluates the performance of the bias correction approach. The improvements that are achieved by applying the bias correction approach are one order of magnitude larger than possible errors associated with it, which is a strong incentive to use the correction approach. In conclusion, the presented bias correction approach is well suited for – but not limited to – horizontal gradient measurements in a multi-analyzer setup, which would not have been reliable without this approach. Finally, possible future improvements of the bias correction approach are outlined and further fields of application indicated. |
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[Siebicke, L.; Foken, T.] Univ Bayreuth, Dept Micrometeorol, Bayreuth, Germany, Email: lukas.siebicke@ecofog.gf |
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Copernicus Gesellschaft Mbh |
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1867-1381 |
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ISI:000288911000002 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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303 |
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Lauth, J.; Ruiz-González, M.X.; Orivel, J. |
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New findings in insect fungiculture: Have ants developed non-food, agricultural products? |
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Journal Article |
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2011 |
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Communicative & Integrative Biology |
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Comm & Integr Biol |
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4 |
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1942-0889 |
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728-730 |
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The interaction between Allomerus plant-ants and an ascomycete fungus growing on and strengthening their galleries is not opportunistic. We previously demonstrated that this association is highly specific as only one fungal species represented by a few haplotypes was found associated with the ants. We also discovered that the ants' behavior revealed a major investment in manipulating and enhancing the growth of their associated fungus. We have growing evidence that this specificity is consistent with selection by the ants. Here, we discuss this selection within the framework of insect agriculture, as we believe these ants fulfill all of the prerequisites to be considered as farmers. Allomerus ants promote their symbiont's growth, protect it from potential pathogens and select specific cultivars. Taken together, we think that the interaction between Allomerus ants and their cultivar might represent the first case of insect fungiculture used as a means of obtaining building material. |
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Landes Bioscience Inc. |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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379 |
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Molto, Q.; Rossi, V.; Blanc, L. |
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Title |
Error propagation in biomass estimation in tropical forests |
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Journal Article |
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2013 |
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Methods in Ecology and Evolution |
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4 |
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2 |
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175-183 |
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Bayesian framework; Modelling; Redd; Uncertainty propagation |
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Reliable above-ground biomass (AGB) estimates are required for studies of carbon fluxes and stocks. However, there is a huge lack of knowledge concerning the precision of AGB estimates and the sources of this uncertainty. At the tree level, the tree height is predicted using the tree diameter at breast height (DBH) and a height sub-model. The wood-specific gravity (WSG) is predicted with taxonomic information and a WSG sub-model. The tree mass is predicted using the predicted height, the predicted WSG and the biomass sub-model. Our models were inferred with Bayesian methods and the uncertainty propagated with a Monte Carlo scheme. The uncertainties in the predictions of tree height, tree WSG and tree mass were neglected sequentially to quantify their contributions to the uncertainty in AGB. The study was conducted in French Guiana where long-term research on forest ecosystems provided an outstanding data collection on tree height, tree dynamics, tree mass and species WSG. We found that the uncertainty in the AGB estimates was found to derive primarily from the biomass sub-model. The models used to predict the tree heights and WSG contributed negligible uncertainty to the final estimate. Considering our results, a poor knowledge of WSG and the height-diameter relationship does not increase the uncertainty in AGB estimates. However, it could lead to bias. Therefore, models and databases should be used with care. This study provides a methodological framework that can be broadly used by foresters and plant ecologist. It provides the accurate confidence intervals associated with forest AGB estimates made from inventory data. When estimating region-scale AGB values (through spatial interpolation, spatial modelling or satellite signal treatment), the uncertainty of the forest AGB value in the reference forest plots has to be taken in account. We believe that in the light of the Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation debate, our method is a crucial step in monitoring carbon stocks and their spatio-temporal evolution. © 2012 The Authors. Methods in Ecology and Evolution © 2012 British Ecological Society. |
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CIRAD, UMR 'Ecologie des Forêts de Guyane', Kourou Cedex, 97 379, France |
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Export Date: 21 February 2013; Source: Scopus |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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470 |
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Mortier, F.; Rossi, V.; Guillot, G.; Gourlet-Fleury, S.; Picard, N. |
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Population dynamics of species-rich ecosystems: The mixture of matrix population models approach |
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Journal Article |
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2013 |
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Methods in Ecology and Evolution |
Abbreviated Journal |
Methods Ecol. Evol. |
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4 |
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4 |
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316-326 |
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Bayesian; Clustering; Mixture models; Population dynamics; Reversible jump Markov chain Monte Carlo; Species-rich ecosystems; Tropical rain forests |
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Matrix population models are widely used to predict population dynamics, but when applied to species-rich ecosystems with many rare species, the small population sample sizes hinder a good fit of species-specific models. This issue can be overcome by assigning species to groups to increase the size of the calibration data sets. However, the species classification is often disconnected from the matrix modelling and from the estimation of matrix parameters, thus bringing species groups that may not be optimal with respect to the predicted community dynamics. We proposed here a method that jointly classified species into groups and fit the matrix models in an integrated way. The model was a special case of mixture with unknown number of components and was cast in a Bayesian framework. An MCMC algorithm was developed to infer the unknown parameters: the number of groups, the group of each species and the dynamics parameters. We applied the method to simulated data and showed that the algorithm efficiently recovered the model parameters. We applied the method to a data set from a tropical rain forest in French Guiana. The mixture matrix model classified tree species into well-differentiated groups with clear ecological interpretations. It also accurately predicted the forest dynamics over the 16-year observation period. Our model and algorithm can straightforwardly be adapted to any type of matrix model, using the life cycle diagram. It can be used as an unsupervised classification technique to group species with similar population dynamics. © 2012 The Authors. Methods in Ecology and Evolution © 2012 British Ecological Society. |
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Statistics Section IMM, Technical University of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark |
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Export Date: 16 April 2013; Source: Scopus; :doi 10.1111/2041-210x.12019; Language of Original Document: English; Correspondence Address: Mortier, F.; CIRAD, UPR Bsef, Montpellier, 34398, France; email: frederic.mortier@cirad.fr |
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