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Bremaud, I.; Gril, J.; Thibaut, B. |
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Title |
Anisotropy of wood vibrational properties: dependence on grain angle and review of literature data |
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Journal Article |
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2011 |
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Wood Science and Technology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Wood Sci. Technol. |
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45 |
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4 |
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735-754 |
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The anisotropy of vibrational properties influences the acoustic behaviour of wooden pieces and their dependence on grain angle (GA). As most pieces of wood include some GA, either for technological reasons or due to grain deviations inside trunks, predicting its repercussions would be useful. This paper aims at evaluating the variability in the anisotropy of wood vibrational properties and analysing resulting trends as a function of orientation. GA dependence is described by a model based on transformation formulas applied to complex compliances, and literature data on anisotropic vibrational properties are reviewed. Ranges of variability, as well as representative sets of viscoelastic anisotropic parameters, are defined for mean hardwoods and softwoods and for contrasted wood types. GA-dependence calculations are in close agreement with published experimental results and allow comparing the sensitivity of different woods to GA. Calculated trends in damping coefficient (tan delta) and in specific modulus of elasticity (E'/rho) allow reconstructing the general tan delta-E'/rho statistical relationships previously reported. Trends for woods with different mechanical parameters merge into a single curve if anisotropic ratios (both elastic and of damping) are correlated between them, and with axial properties, as is indicated by the collected data. On the other hand, varying damping coefficient independently results in parallel curves, which coincide with observations on chemically modified woods, either “artificially”, or by natural extractives. |
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[Bremaud, I; Gril, J] Univ Montpellier 2, Lab Mecan & Genie Civil, CNRS, CC048, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France, Email: iris_bremaud@hotmail.com |
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English |
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0043-7719 |
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WOS:000296006000009 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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369 |
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Stahl, C.; Burban, B.; Wagner, F.; Goret, J.-Y.; Bompy, F.; Bonal, D. |
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Influence of Seasonal Variations in Soil Water Availability on Gas Exchange of Tropical Canopy Trees |
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Journal Article |
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2013 |
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Biotropica |
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45 |
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2 |
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155-164 |
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French Guiana; Photosynthesis; Predawn leaf water potential; Rain forest; Relative extractable water; Respiration; Soil drought; Transpiration |
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Seasonal variations in environmental conditions influence the functioning of the whole ecosystem of tropical rain forests, but as yet little is known about how such variations directly influence the leaf gas exchange and transpiration of individual canopy tree species. We examined the influence of seasonal variations in relative extractable water in the upper soil layers on predawn leaf water potential, saturated net photosynthesis, leaf dark respiration, stomatal conductance, and tree transpiration of 13 tropical rain forest canopy trees (eight species) over 2 yr in French Guiana. The canopies were accessed by climbing ropes attached to the trees and to a tower. Our results indicate that a small proportion of the studied trees were unaffected by soil water depletion during seasonal dry periods, probably thanks to efficient deep root systems. The trees showing decreased tree water status (i.e., predawn leaf water potential) displayed a wide range of leaf gas exchange responses. Some trees strongly regulated photosynthesis and transpiration when relative extractable water decreased drastically. In contrast, other trees showed little variation, thus indicating good adaptation to soil drought conditions. These results have important applications to modeling approaches: indeed, precise evaluation and grouping of these response patterns are required before any tree-based functional models can efficiently describe the response of tropical rain forest ecosystems to future changes in environmental conditions. © 2012 by The Association for Tropical Biology and Conservation. |
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INRA, UMR 1137 Université de Lorraine, INRA Nancy 'Ecologie et Ecophysiologie Forestière', Champenoux 54280, France |
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Export Date: 13 March 2013; Source: Scopus |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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474 |
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Baraloto, C.; Molto, Q.; Rabaud, S.; Herault, B.; Valencia, R.; Blanc, L.; Fine, P.V.A.; Thompson, J. |
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Rapid simultaneous estimation of aboveground biomass and tree diversity across neotropical forests: A comparison of field inventory methods |
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Journal Article |
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2013 |
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Biotropica |
Abbreviated Journal |
Biotropica |
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45 |
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3 |
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288-298 |
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Biodiversity assessment; carbon stocks; Monitoring; Permanent plot; Survey; Tropical rain forest |
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A standardized rapid inventory method providing information on both tree species diversity and aboveground carbon stocks in tropical forests will be an important tool for evaluating efforts to conserve biodiversity and to estimate the carbon emissions that result from deforestation and degradation (REDD). Herein, we contrast five common plot methods differing in shape, size, and effort requirements to estimate tree diversity and aboveground tree biomass (AGB). We simulated the methods across six Neotropical forest sites that represent a broad gradient in forest structure, tree species richness, and floristic composition, and we assessed the relative performance of methods by evaluating the bias and precision of their estimates of AGB and tree diversity. For a given sample of forest area, a 'several small' (< 1 ha) sampling strategy led to a smaller coefficient of variation (CV) in the estimate of AGB than a 'few large' one. The effort (person-days) required to achieve an accurate AGB estimate (< 10% CV), however, was greater for the smallest plots (0.1 ha) than for a compromise approach using 0.5 ha modified Gentry plots, which proved to be the most efficient method to estimate AGB across all forest types. Gentry plots were also the most efficient at providing accurate estimates of tree diversity (< 10% CV of Hill number). We recommend the use of the 0.5 ha modified Gentry plot method in future rapid inventories, and we discuss a set of criteria that should inform any choice of inventory method. © 2012 The Author(s) Journal compilation © 2012 by The Association for Tropical Biology and Conservation. |
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Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Bush Estate, Penicuik, Midlothian, EH26 0QB, United Kingdom |
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00063606 (Issn) |
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Export Date: 16 May 2013; Source: Scopus; Coden: Btroa; :doi 10.1111/btp.12006; Language of Original Document: English; Correspondence Address: Baraloto, C.; INRA, UMR 'Ecologie des Forêts de Guyane', 97387, Kourou Cedex, French Guiana; email: chris.baraloto@ecofog.gf |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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485 |
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Verheyen, K.; Vanhellemont, M.; Auge, H.; Baeten, L.; Baraloto, C.; Barsoum, N.; Bilodeau-Gauthier, S.; Bruelheide, H.; Castagneyrol, B.; Godbold, D.; Haase, J.; Hector, A.; Jactel, H.; Koricheva, J.; Loreau, M.; Mereu, S.; Messier, C.; Muys, B.; Nolet, P.; Paquette, A.; Parker, J.; Perring, M.; Ponette, Q.; Potvin, C.; Reich, P.; Smith, A.; Weih, M.; Scherer-Lorenzen, M. |
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Title |
Contributions of a global network of tree diversity experiments to sustainable forest plantations |
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Journal Article |
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2016 |
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Ambio |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ambio |
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45 |
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1 |
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29-41 |
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Biodiversity experiments; Ecological restoration; Functional biodiversity research; Plantation forest; Sustainable forest management |
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The area of forest plantations is increasing worldwide helping to meet timber demand and protect natural forests. However, with global change, monospecific plantations are increasingly vulnerable to abiotic and biotic disturbances. As an adaption measure we need to move to plantations that are more diverse in genotypes, species, and structure, with a design underpinned by science. TreeDivNet, a global network of tree diversity experiments, responds to this need by assessing the advantages and disadvantages of mixed species plantations. The network currently consists of 18 experiments, distributed over 36 sites and five ecoregions. With plantations 1–15 years old, TreeDivNet can already provide relevant data for forest policy and management. In this paper, we highlight some early results on the carbon sequestration and pest resistance potential of more diverse plantations. Finally, suggestions are made for new, innovative experiments in understudied regions to complement the existing network. © 2015, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. |
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Department of Crop Production Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, PO Box 7043, Uppsala, Sweden |
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Export Date: 29 January 2016 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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652 |
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Sprenger, P.P.; Hartke, J.; Feldmeyer, B.; Orivel, J.; Schmitt, T.; Menzel, F. |
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Influence of Mutualistic Lifestyle, Mutualistic Partner, and Climate on Cuticular Hydrocarbon Profiles in Parabiotic Ants |
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2019 |
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Journal of Chemical Ecology |
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J Chem Ecol |
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45 |
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9 |
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741-754 |
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A vital trait in insects is their cuticular hydrocarbon (CHC) profile, which protects the insect against desiccation and serves in chemical communication. Due to these functions, CHC profiles are shaped by both climatic conditions and biotic interactions. Here, we investigated CHC differentiation in the neotropical parabiotic ant species Crematogaster levior and Camponotus femoratus, which mutualistically share a nest. Both consist of two cryptic species each (Cr. levior A and B and Ca. femoratus PAT and PS) that differ genetically and possess strongly different CHC profiles. We characterized and compared CHC profiles of the four cryptic species in detail. Our results suggest that Cr. levior A, Ca. femoratus PAT and Ca. femoratus PS adapted their CHC profiles to the parabiotic lifestyle by producing longer-chain CHCs. At the same time, they changed their major CHC classes, and produce more alkadienes and methyl-branched alkenes compared to Cr. levior B or non-parabiotic species. The CHC profiles of Cr. levior B were more similar to related, non-parabiotic species of the Orthocrema clade than Cr. levior A, and the chain lengths of B were similar to the reconstructed ancestral state. Signals of both the parabiotic partner (biotic conditions) and climate (abiotic conditions) were found in the CHC profiles of all four cryptic species. Our data suggest that mutualisms shaped the CHC profiles of the studied species, in particular chain length and CHC class composition. Beside this, signals of the parabiotic partners indicate potential impacts of biotic interactions, via chemical mimicry or chemical camouflage. |
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1573-1561 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ Sprenger2019 |
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894 |
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Franklin, J.; Andrade, R.; Daniels, M.L.; Fairbairn, P.; Fandino, M.C.; Gillespie, T.W.; González, G.; Gonzalez, O.; Imbert, D.; Kapos, V.; Kelly, D.L.; Marcano-Vega, H.; Meléndez-Ackerman, E.J.; McLaren, K.P.; McDonald, M.A.; Ripplinger, J.; Rojas-Sandoval, J.; Ross, M.S.; Ruiz, J.; Steadman, D.W.; Tanner, E.V.J.; Terrill, I.; Vennetier, M. |
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Geographical ecology of dry forest tree communities in the West Indies |
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2018 |
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Journal of Biogeography |
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J Biogeogr |
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45 |
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5 |
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1168-1181 |
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beta diversity; Caribbean; community composition; seasonally dry tropical forest; species turnover; tropical dry forest; West Indies |
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Abstract Aim Seasonally dry tropical forest (SDTF) of the Caribbean Islands (primarily West Indies) is floristically distinct from Neotropical SDTF in Central and South America. We evaluate whether tree species composition was associated with climatic gradients or geographical distance. Turnover (dissimilarity) in species composition of different islands or among more distant sites would suggest communities structured by speciation and dispersal limitations. A nested pattern would be consistent with a steep resource gradient. Correlation of species composition with climatic variation would suggest communities structured by broad-scale environmental filtering. Location The West Indies (The Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, US Virgin Islands, Guadeloupe, Martinique, St. Lucia), Providencia (Colombia), south Florida (USA) and Florida Keys (USA). Taxon Seed plants?woody taxa (primarily trees). Methods We compiled 572 plots from 23 surveys conducted between 1969 and 2016. Hierarchical clustering of species in plots, and indicator species analysis for the resulting groups of sites, identified geographical patterns of turnover in species composition. Nonparametric analysis of variance, applied to principal components of bioclimatic variables, determined the degree of covariation in climate with location. Nestedness versus turnover in species composition was evaluated using beta diversity partitioning. Generalized dissimilarity modelling partitioned the effect of climate versus geographical distance on species composition. Results Despite a set of commonly occurring species, SDTF tree community composition was distinct among islands and was characterized by spatial turnover on climatic gradients that covaried with geographical gradients. Greater Antillean islands were characterized by endemic indicator species. Northern subtropical areas supported distinct, rather than nested, SDTF communities in spite of low levels of endemism. Main conclusions The SDTF species composition was correlated with climatic variation. SDTF on large Greater Antillean islands (Hispaniola, Jamaica and Cuba) was characterized by endemic species, consistent with their geological history and the biogeography of plant lineages. These results suggest that both environmental filtering and speciation shape Caribbean SDTF tree communities. |
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John Wiley & Sons, Ltd (10.1111) |
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0305-0270 |
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doi: 10.1111/jbi.13198 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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846 |
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Bremaud, I.; Cabrolier, P.; Gril, J.; Clair, B.; Gerard, J.; Minato, K.; Thibaut, B. |
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Identification of anisotropic vibrational properties of Padauk wood with interlocked grain (vol 44, pg 335, 2010) |
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2010 |
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Wood Science and Technology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Wood Sci. Technol. |
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44 |
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4 |
Pages |
705-705 |
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[Bremaud, Iris; Minato, Kazuya] Kyoto Prefectural Univ, Grad Sch Life & Environm Sci, Lab Forest Resource Circulating Circles, Kyoto 6068522, Japan, Email: iris_bremaud@hotmail.com |
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0043-7719 |
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ISI:000283087900013 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
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24 |
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Bremaud, I.; Cabrolier, P.; Gril, J.; Clair, B.; Gerard, J.; Minato, K.; Thibaut, B. |
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Identification of anisotropic vibrational properties of Padauk wood with interlocked grain |
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Journal Article |
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2010 |
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Wood Science and Technology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Wood Sci. Technol. |
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44 |
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3 |
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355-367 |
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Grain deviations and high extractives content are common features of many tropical woods. This study aimed at clarifying their respective impact on vibrational properties, referring to African Padauk (Pterocarpus soyauxii Taub.), a species selected for its interlocked grain, high extractives content and uses in xylophones. Specimens were cut parallel to the trunk axis (L), and local variations in grain angle (GA), microfibril angle (MFA), specific Young's modulus (E' (L) /rho, where rho stands for the density) and damping coefficient (tan delta(L)) were measured. GA dependence was analysed by a mechanical model which allowed to identify the specific Young's modulus (E'(3)/rho) and shear modulus (G'/rho) along the grain (3) as well as their corresponding damping coefficients (tan delta(3), tan delta(G)). This analysis was done for native and then for extracted wood. Interlocked grain resulted in 0-25A degrees GA and in variations of a factor 2 in E'(L)/rho and tan delta(L). Along the grain, Padauk wood was characterized, when compared to typical hardwoods, by a somewhat lower E'(3)/rho and elastic anisotropy (E'/G'), due to a wide microfibril angle plus a small weight effect of extracts, and a very low tan delta(3) and moderate damping anisotropy (tan delta(G)/tan delta(3)). Extraction affected mechanical parameters in the order: tan delta(3) a parts per thousand tan delta(G) > G'/rho > > E'(3)/rho. That is, extractives' effects were nearly isotropic on damping but clearly anisotropic on storage moduli. |
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[Bremaud, Iris; Minato, Kazuya] Kyoto Prefectural Univ, Grad Sch Life & Environm Sci, Lab Forest Resource Circulating Circles, Kyoto 6068522, Japan, Email: iris_bremaud@hotmail.com |
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ISI:000280090400001 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
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48 |
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Aimene, Y.; Vidal-Salle, E.; Hagege, B.; Sidoroff, F.; Boisse, P. |
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A Hyperelastic Approach for Composite Reinforcement Large Deformation Analysis |
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Journal Article |
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2010 |
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Journal of Composite Materials |
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J. Compos Mater. |
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44 |
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1 |
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5-26 |
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hyperelasticity; woven reinforcements; forming; fabric mechanical behavior; finite element |
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A hyperelastic constitutive model is developed for textile composite reinforcement at large strain. A potential is proposed, which is the addition of two tension and one shear energies. The proposed potential is a function of the right Cauchy Green and structural tensor invariants whose choice corresponds to textile composite reinforcement mechanical behavior which exhibits weak elongations in the fiber directions and large angular variations in the fabric plane. The model is implemented in a Vumat user routine of ABAQUS/Explicit. Some elementary tests are performed in order to identify the model and verify its validity. It is then used to simulate the hemispherical punch forming of balanced and unbalanced fabrics. A correct agreement is obtained with experimental forming processes. |
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[Aimene, Y.; Vidal-Salle, E.; Boisse, P.] Univ Lyon, INSA Lyon, LaMCoS, F-69621 Villeurbanne, France, Email: philippe.boisse@insa-lyon.fr |
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SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD |
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0021-9983 |
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ISI:000273509100001 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
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84 |
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Lamarre, G.P.A.; Mendoza, I.; Rougerie, R.; Decaëns, T.; Herault, B.; Bénéluz, F. |
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Stay Out (Almost) All Night: Contrasting Responses in Flight Activity Among Tropical Moth Assemblages |
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Journal Article |
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2015 |
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Neotropical Entomology |
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Neotropical Entomology |
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44 |
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2 |
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109-115 |
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Behavior; diel activity; light trap; monitoring; moth; tropical forest |
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Variations in diel activity among hyperdiverse tropical communities of moths, despite representing a key component of niche partitioning between species, have barely been studied so far. Using light trapping from dawn to sunset over a 1-year period in French Guiana, we investigated these variations within and between two families of moths (Sphingidae and Saturniidae). Our results revealed contrasting patterns in flight activity at night between Sphingidae and Saturniidae. Sphingidae reached their peak in species richness and abundance between 7:00 and 8:00 p.m., followed by a decrease around 11:00 p.m. to midnight, whereas Saturniidae were continuously present throughout the night, with a peak around midnight. In addition, we found changes in diel activity among some of the most common genera in each family, highlighting distinct behavioral, physiological, and functional traits among taxa. Given differences in flight activity at different taxonomic levels, it is strongly recommended to monitor by light trapping throughout the night to effectively sample saturniid and sphingid assemblages, even though the activity of Sphingidae sharply declines after midnight. These results improve the general natural history information of tropical moths and reinforce the need of further research on the ecological and taxonomic consequences of differences in diel activity. © 2015, Sociedade Entomológica do Brasil. |
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Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, UMR 5175 CNRSMontpellier Cedex 5, France |
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Export Date: 9 April 2015 |
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no |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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592 |
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