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McLean, J.P.; Arnould, O.; Beauchene, J.; Clair, B. |
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The effect of the G-layer on the viscoelastic properties of tropical hardwoods |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2012 |
Publication |
Annals of Forest Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ann. Forest Sci. |
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69 |
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3 |
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399-408 |
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Dma; G-layer; Reaction wood; Tropical wood; Viscoelasticity |
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· Context and aim This study aimed to examine the effect of the tension wood G-layer on the viscoelastic properties of wood. · Methods Tension wood and opposite wood samples were obtained from six French Guianese tropical rainforest species (Sextonia rubra, Ocotea guyanensis, Inga alba, Tachigali melinoni, Iyranthera sagotiana and Virola michelii); the tension wood of the former three of these species had a Glayer, whilst the tension wood from the latter three had no Glayer. Tensile dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) was performed on green never dried wood samples in the longitudinal direction with samples submerged in a water bath at a temperature (30°C) and frequency (1 Hz) representative of the conditions experienced by wood within a living tree. Then, DMA was repeated with samples conditioned to an air-dried state. Finally, samples were oven-dried to measure longitudinal shrinkage. · Results Tension wood did not always have a higher longitudinal storage (elastic) modulus than opposite wood from the same tree regardless of the presence or absence of a G-layer. For the species containing a G-layer, tension wood had a higher damping coefficient and experienced a greater longitudinal shrinkage upon drying than opposite wood from the same species. No difference was found in damping coefficients between tension wood and opposite wood for the species that had no G-layer. · Conclusion It is proposed that the different molecular composition of the G-layer matrix has an influence on the viscoelasticity of wood, even if a biomechanical gain is not yet clear. This study shows that rheological properties and longitudinal shrinkage can be used to detect the presence of a G-layer in tension wood. © INRA/Springer-Verlag France 2011. |
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UMR Ecologie des Forêts de Guyane (ECOFOG), CIRAD, Kourou, French Guiana |
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12864560 (Issn) |
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Export Date: 20 June 2012; Source: Scopus; Coden: Afosf; doi: 10.1007/s13595-011-0164-1; Language of Original Document: English; Correspondence Address: McLean, J.P.; Forest Products Research Institute, Edinburgh Napier University, Merchiston Campus, Edinburgh EH10 5DT, United Kingdom; email: p.mclean@napier.ac.uk |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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404 |
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Letort, V.; Heuret, P.; Zalamea, P.-C.; De Reffye, P.; Nicolini, E. |
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Analysing the effects of local environment on the source-sink balance of Cecropia sciadophylla: A methodological approach based on model inversion |
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Journal Article |
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2012 |
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Annals of Forest Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ann. Forest Sci. |
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69 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
167-180 |
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Cecropia; Functional-structural model; Model inversion; Morphology; Trophic competition |
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Context Functional-structural models (FSM) of tree growth have great potential in forestry, but their development, calibration and validation are hampered by the difficulty of collecting experimental data at organ scale for adult trees. Due to their simple architecture and morphological properties, “model plants” such as Cecropia sciadophylla are of great interest to validate new models and methodologies, since exhaustive descriptions of their plant structure and mass partitioning can be gathered. Aims Our objective was to develop a model-based approach to analysing the influence of environmental conditions on the dynamics of trophic competition within C. sciadophylla trees. Methods We defined an integrated environmental factor that includes meteorological medium-frequency variations and a relative index representing the local site conditions for each plant. This index is estimated based on model inversion of the GreenLab FSM using data from 11 trees for model calibration and 7 trees for model evaluation. Results The resulting model explained the dynamics of biomass allocation to different organs during the plant growth, according to the environmental pressure they experienced. Perspectives By linking the integrated environmental factor to a competition index, an extension of the model to the population level could be considered. © INRA and Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2011. |
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UMR ECOFOG Campus Agronomique, INRA, BP 316, 97379 Kourou cedex, French Guiana |
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Cited By (since 1996): 1; Export Date: 20 June 2012; Source: Scopus; Coden: Afosf; doi: 10.1007/s13595-011-0131-x; Language of Original Document: English; Correspondence Address: Letort, V.; Department of Applied Mathematics and Systems (MAS), Ecole Centrale Paris, Grande voie des Vignes, Chatenay-Malabry 92295, France; email: veronique.letort@centraliens.net |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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405 |
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Nicolini, E.; Beauchene, J.; De La Vallee, B.L.; Ruelle, J.; Mangenet, T.; Heuret, P. |
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Dating branch growth units in a tropical tree using morphological and anatomical markers: The case of Parkia velutina Benoist (Mimosoïdeae) |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2012 |
Publication |
Annals of Forest Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ann. Forest Sci. |
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Volume |
69 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
543-555 |
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Keywords |
Crown development; Deciduousness; Dendrochronology; French Guiana; Growth ring; Phenology; Tree architecture; Wood anatomy |
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• Context In tropical areas, studies based on the retrospective analysis of tree development have focused principally on growth ring research. The interpretation of primary growth markers is overlooked although it opens perspectives to provide long time-series on tree-crown development. • Aims This study focused on Parkia velutina, an emergent tree of neotropical rain forests. Our objectives were (1) to characterize the phenological cycle of this species, and (2) to identify temporally interpretable morphological and anatomical markers. • Methods We collected dominant branches in 14 adult trees and identified growth markers that limit longitudinal and radial increments. We coupled this approach with a 2-year phenological survey of 20 trees. • Results Leaf shedding, growth unit elongation and growth ring formation define the phenological cycle. At tree scale, this cycle is synchronous and affects all axes. At population scale, trees can be desynchronized. This cycle is annual despite some slight variability. Successive growth units and growth rings are easily identifiable. • Conclusion Dating a branch by counting the number of growth units or growth rings is possible in many years with a reasonable error. Nevertheless, estimating their precise month of formation in order to study climatic influences remains difficult. © INRA/Springer-Verlag France 2012. |
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INRA, UMR AMAP, TA A-51/PS2, Montpellier 34398, France |
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Export Date: 27 September 2012; Source: Scopus; Coden: Afosf; doi: 10.1007/s13595-011-0172-1; Language of Original Document: English; Correspondence Address: Nicolini, E.; Unité Mixte de Recherche CIRAD-CNRS-INRA-IRD-Université Montpellier 2, BotAnique et BioinforMatique de l'Architecture des Plantes (AMAP), BP 701, Kourou 97387, French Guiana; email: eric-andre.nicolini@cirad.fr |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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436 |
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Vincent, G.; Molino, J.F.; Marescot, L.; Barkaoui, K.; Sabatier, D.; Freycon, V.; Roelens, J.B. |
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The relative importance of dispersal limitation and habitat preference in shaping spatial distribution of saplings in a tropical moist forest: a case study along a combination of hydromorphic and canopy disturbance gradients |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Annals of Forest Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ann. For. Sci. |
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68 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
357-370 |
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Keywords |
Species assemblage; Dispersal limitation; Tropical moist forest; Niche |
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Various processes contribute to shaping the local assemblage of species in hyperdiverse tropical forest. The relative contribution of environmental factors and dispersal limitation in determining the spatial distribution of saplings at local scale is unclear. We examined two types of environmental factors: (a) soil type reflecting drainage regime and (b) past logging damages reflecting light regime in a neotropical moist forest site. We used a logistic model to predict presence or absence of a given species in a network of elementary small plots. The effect of mapped environmental factors and a spatial correlation term were jointly estimated providing a direct measure of the relative role of habitat specialisation and dispersal limitation. At community level, dispersal limitation was the most important determinant of species absence at local scale. The two environmental factors examined played a balanced role. Different species however showed different degrees of dispersal limitation and habitat specialisation. The distribution of a large proportion of species-the majority of the most abundant species-was significantly affected by at least one environmental factor. We provide a ranking of 49 species sensitive to canopy disturbance (from shade specialist to pioneer) and 41 species affected by seasonal flooding (either positively or negatively). |
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[Vincent, Gregoire; Marescot, Lucile; Barkaoui, Karim] IRD, Unite Mixte Rech AMAP, Kourou 97387, French Guiana, Email: gregoire.vincent@ird.fr |
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Springer France |
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1286-4560 |
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ISI:000290448000014 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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318 |
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McLean, J.P.; Zhang, T.; Bardet, S.; Beauchene, J.; Thibaut, A.; Clair, B.; Thibaut, B. |
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The decreasing radial wood stiffness pattern of some tropical trees growing in the primary forest is reversed and increases when they are grown in a plantation |
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Journal Article |
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2011 |
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Annals of Forest Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ann. For. Sci. |
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68 |
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4 |
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681-688 |
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Tropical trees; Growth strategy; Wood stiffness; Juvenile wood |
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Background This study examines the radial trend in wood stiffness of tropical rainforest trees. The objective was to determine if the type of growing environment (exposed plantation or dense primary forest) would have an effect on this radial trend. Methods The axial elastic modulus of wood samples, representing a pith to bark cross-section, of six trees from several French Guianese species (two of Eperua falcata, one of Eperua grandiflora, two of Carapa procera and one of Symphonia gloubulifera) was measured using a dynamic “forced vibration” method. Results Primary forest trees were observed to have a decrease in wood stiffness from pith to bark, whereas plantation trees, from the same genus or species, displayed a corresponding increase in wood stiffness. Juvenile wood stiffness appears to vary depending on the environment in which the tree had grown. Conclusion We suggest that the growth strategy of primary forest trees is to produce wood resistant to self-buckling so that the height of the canopy may be obtained with the maximum of efficiency. In contrast, the growth strategy of the trees growing in an exposed plantation is to produce low-stiffness wood, important to provide flexibility in wind. Further experiments to study the behaviour of more species, with more individuals per species, growing across a range of physical environments, are required. |
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[McLean, JP; Bardet, S; Clair, B; Thibaut, B] Univ Montpellier 2, LMGC, CNRS, F-34095 Montpellier, France, Email: p.mclean@auckland.ac.nz |
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Springer France |
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WOS:000292553400003 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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326 |
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Stahl, C.; Burban, B.; Goret, J.Y.; Bonal, D. |
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Seasonal variations in stem CO(2) efflux in the Neotropical rainforest of French Guiana |
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Journal Article |
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2011 |
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Annals of Forest Science |
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Ann. For. Sci. |
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68 |
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4 |
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771-782 |
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Tropical rainforest; Stem CO(2) efflux; Soil water content; Terra Firme forest; Seasonally flooded forest |
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Introduction Stem CO(2) efflux (E (s)) is a significant component of total ecosystem respiration, but there is only scant information on seasonal variations in E (s) in tropical rainforests and on the main factors explaining these variations. Methods We conducted a comprehensive 18-month study in French Guiana to try to better understand which environmental factors contribute to seasonal variations in E (s) in two habitats differing in soil water conditions. Results In both habitats, large seasonal variations in E (s) were observed for most trees. The main variations occurred during climatic transition periods and were consistent with seasonal variations in soil and total ecosystem respiration. Discussion Seasonal variations in atmospheric conditions, including air temperature, did not explain seasonal variations in E (s). In contrast, seasonal variations in surface soil water content clearly induced seasonal variations in E (s) in each habitat. Both soil drought and flooded conditions induced a decrease in E (s). Conclusion Our results emphasize the need to integrate the influence of soil water content on E (s) into global models that simulate the response of forest ecosystem fluxes to climate changes. |
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[Bonal, D] INRA, UMR INRA UHP Ecol & Ecophysiol Forestiere 1137, F-54280 Champenoux, France, Email: bonal@nancy.inra.fr |
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Springer France |
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1286-4560 |
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WOS:000292553400011 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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327 |
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Niamke, F.B.; Amusant, N.; Charpentier, J.P.; Chaix, G.; Baissac, Y.; Boutahar, N.; Adima, A.A.; Kati-Coulibaly, S.; Jay-Allemand, C. |
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Relationships between biochemical attributes (non-structural carbohydrates and phenolics) and natural durability against fungi in dry teak wood (Tectona grandis L. f.) |
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Journal Article |
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2011 |
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Annals of Forest Science |
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Ann. For. Sci. |
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68 |
Issue |
1 |
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201-211 |
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Tectona grandis; Teak heartwood; Phenolic compound; Non-structural carbohydrate; Natural durability |
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Introduction Non-structural carbohydrates and phenolic compounds are implicated in the natural durability of wood. In order to find the chemical traits of natural durability in teak wood, the radial distribution of phenolics compounds and non-structural carbohydrates were studied in trees ranked by contrasting natural durability class against Antrodia sp. Methods Non-structural carbohydrates were analyzed by spectrophotometry after enzymatic assays and phenolics compounds using HPLC. Results High concentrations of starch, sucrose, glucose, and fructose were found in the sapwood, whereas only trace amounts were found in the heartwood. In the sapwood, low concentrations of H1 (a hydroxycinnamic acid derivative) were specifically detected. Tectoquinone was also detected in the sapwood but its content increased dramatically in the heartwood. 2-(Hydroxymethyl) anthraquinone and P1, an unidentified compound, were only detected in the heartwood and at high concentrations (>3 mg equivalent 5-methoxyflavone g(-1) dry weight. Lower concentrations of 1,4-naphthoquinone, anthraquinone-2-carboxylic acid, and lapachol were also only detected in the heartwood. H1 and tectoquinone present in the sapwood could be considered as phenolic precursors of the synthesis of heartwood toxic phenolics in the heartwood. Conclusion Correlations between natural durability and chemical composition of heartwood (quinone derivatives, P1, and non-structural carbohydrates) suggest that P1, 2-(hydroxymethyl) anthraquinone and tectoquinone could be natural durability traits. Heartwood extractives, |
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[Niamke, FB; Baissac, Y; Jay-Allemand, C] Univ Montpellier 2, F-34095 Montpellier 05, France, Email: Christian.jay-allemand@univ-montp2.fr |
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Springer France |
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WOS:000290447600021 |
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340 |
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Chartier, M.; Gibernau, M.; Renner, S.S. |
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The evolution of pollinator-plant interaction types in the araceae |
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Journal Article |
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2014 |
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Evolution |
Abbreviated Journal |
Evolution |
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68 |
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5 |
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1533-1543 |
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Ancestral state reconstruction; Inflorescence traits; Phylogeny; Pollination syndromes; Trap flowers |
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Most plant-pollinator interactions are mutualistic, involving rewards provided by flowers or inflorescences to pollinators. Antagonistic plant-pollinator interactions, in which flowers offer no rewards, are rare and concentrated in a few families including Araceae. In the latter, they involve trapping of pollinators, which are released loaded with pollen but unrewarded. To understand the evolution of such systems, we compiled data on the pollinators and types of interactions, and coded 21 characters, including interaction type, pollinator order, and 19 floral traits. A phylogenetic framework comes from a matrix of plastid and new nuclear DNA sequences for 135 species from 119 genera (5342 nucleotides). The ancestral pollination interaction in Araceae was reconstructed as probably rewarding albeit with low confidence because information is available for only 56 of the 120-130 genera. Bayesian stochastic trait mapping showed that spadix zonation, presence of an appendix, and flower sexuality were correlated with pollination interaction type. In the Araceae, having unisexual flowers appears to have provided the morphological precondition for the evolution of traps. Compared with the frequency of shifts between deceptive and rewarding pollination systems in orchids, our results indicate less lability in the Araceae, probably because of morphologically and sexually more specialized inflorescences. © 2013 The Society for the Study of Evolution. |
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Department of Biology, University of Munich, Munich, 80638, Germany |
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Society for the Study of Evolution |
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15585646 (Issn) |
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Export Date: 30 May 2014; Source: Scopus; Coden: Evola; Language of Original Document: English |
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544 |
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Nirma, C.; Eparvier, V.; Stien, D. |
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Reactivation of antibiosis in the entomogenous fungus Chrysoporthe sp. SNB-CN74 |
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2015 |
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Journal of Antibiotics |
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Journal of Antibiotics |
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68 |
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9 |
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586-590 |
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Chrysoporthe sp. SNB-CN74 was isolated from a Nasutitermes corniger nest, and its ethyl acetate extract was found to exhibit very strong antibacterial activity. Two antibacterial metabolites were isolated, (-)-R-skyrin (2) and (+)-rugulosin A (3). Eventually, the fungus lost its antibiotic potential when subcultured, and the use of yeast extract induced the re-expression of these two antibiotics. Yeast extract possibly activated a cryptic pathway by mimicking the presence of an ecological competitor. © 2015 Japan Antibiotics Research Association All rights reserved. |
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Sorbonne Universités, Laboratoire de Biodiversité et Biotechnologies Microbiennes (LBBM), Observatoire Océanologique, Banyuls-sur-mer, France |
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Export Date: 12 October 2015 |
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628 |
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Engel, J.; Brousseau, L.; Baraloto, C. |
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GuiaTreeKey, a multi-access electronic key to identify tree genera in French Guiana |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2016 |
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PhytoKeys |
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PhytoKeys |
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68 |
Issue |
1 |
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27-44 |
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Amazonia; Electronic key; French Guiana; Morphological characters; Neotropics; Trees identification; Xper2 |
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The tropical rainforest of Amazonia is one of the most species-rich ecosystems on earth, with an estimated 16000 tree species. Due to this high diversity, botanical identification of trees in the Amazon is difficult, even to genus, often requiring the assistance of parataxonomists or taxonomic specialists. Advances in informatics tools offer a promising opportunity to develop user-friendly electronic keys to improve Amazonian tree identification. Here, we introduce an original multi-access electronic key for the identification of 389 tree genera occurring in French Guiana terra-firme forests, based on a set of 79 morphological characters related to vegetative, floral and fruit characters. Its purpose is to help Amazonian tree identification and to support the dissemination of botanical knowledge to non-specialists, including forest workers, students and researchers from other scientific disciplines. The electronic key is accessible with the free access software Xper2, and the database is publicly available on figshare: https://figshare.com/s/75d890b7d707e0ffc9bf (doi: 10.6084/m9.figshare.2682550). © Julien Engel et al. |
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International Center for Tropical Botany, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Miami, FL, United States |
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Export Date: 8 September 2016 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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693 |
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