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Birer, C.; Moreau, C.S.; Tysklind, N.; Zinger, L.; Duplais, C. |
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Title  |
Disentangling the assembly mechanisms of ant cuticular bacterial communities of two Amazonian ant species sharing a common arboreal nest |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Molecular Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Mol. Ecol. |
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Volume |
29 |
Issue |
7 |
Pages |
1372-1385 |
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ant gardens; bacterial communities; cuticular microbiome; insect cuticle; metabarcoding |
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Bacteria living on the cuticle of ants are generally studied for their protective role against pathogens, especially in the clade of fungus-growing ants. However, little is known regarding the diversity of cuticular bacteria in other ant host species, as well as the mechanisms leading to the composition of these communities. Here, we used 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing to study the influence of host species, species interactions and the pool of bacteria from the environment on the assembly of cuticular bacterial communities on two phylogenetically distant Amazonian ant species that frequently nest together inside the roots system of epiphytic plants, Camponotus femoratus and Crematogaster levior. Our results show that (a) the vast majority of the bacterial community on the cuticle is shared with the nest, suggesting that most bacteria on the cuticle are acquired through environmental acquisition, (b) 5.2% and 2.0% of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) are respectively specific to Ca. femoratus and Cr. levior, probably representing their respective core cuticular bacterial community, and (c) 3.6% of OTUs are shared between the two ant species. Additionally, mass spectrometry metabolomics analysis of metabolites on the cuticle of ants, which excludes the detection of cuticular hydrocarbons produced by the host, were conducted to evaluate correlations among bacterial OTUs and m/z ion mass. Although some positive and negative correlations are found, the cuticular chemical composition was weakly species-specific, suggesting that cuticular bacterial communities are prominently environmentally acquired. Overall, our results suggest the environment is the dominant source of bacteria found on the cuticle of ants. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons Ltd |
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Institut de Biologie de l’Ecole Normale Supérieure (IBENS), Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, PSL Université Paris, Paris, France |
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Blackwell Publishing Ltd |
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09621083 (Issn) |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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975 |
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Fortunel, C.; Stahl, C.; Heuret, P.; Nicolini, E.; Baraloto, C. |
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Title |
Disentangling the effects of environment and ontogeny on tree functional dimensions for congeneric species in tropical forests |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2020 |
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New Phytologist |
Abbreviated Journal |
New Phytol. |
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226 |
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2 |
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385-395 |
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chemistry; developmental stage; habitats; Micropholis; morphology; physiology; plant traits; seasons; developmental stage; ecosystem function; forest ecosystem; habitat selection; habitat structure; nutrient availability; ontogeny; physiological response; soil water; taxonomy; tropical forest; Amazonia |
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Soil water and nutrient availability are key drivers of tree species distribution and forest ecosystem functioning, with strong species differences in water and nutrient use. Despite growing evidence for intraspecific trait differences, it remains unclear under which circumstances the effects of environmental gradients trump those of ontogeny and taxonomy on important functional dimensions related to resource use, particularly in tropical forests. Here, we explore how physiological, chemical, and morphological traits related to resource use vary between life stages in four species within the genus Micropholis that is widespread in lowland Amazonia. Specifically, we evaluate how environment, developmental stage, and taxonomy contribute to single-trait variation and multidimensional functional strategies. We find that environment, developmental stage, and taxonomy differentially contribute to functional dimensions. Habitats and seasons shape physiological and chemical traits related to water and nutrient use, whereas developmental stage and taxonomic identity impact morphological traits –especially those related to the leaf economics spectrum. Our findings suggest that combining environment, ontogeny, and taxonomy allows for a better understanding of important functional dimensions in tropical trees and highlights the need for integrating tree physiological and chemical traits with classically used morphological traits to improve predictions of tropical forests’ responses to environmental change. © 2019 The Authors New Phytologist © 2019 New Phytologist Trust |
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Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33133, United States |
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Blackwell Publishing Ltd |
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0028646x (Issn) |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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977 |
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Lang, G.; Marcon, E.; Puech, F. |
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Distance-based measures of spatial concentration: introducing a relative density function |
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2020 |
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Annals of Regional Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ann. Reg. Sci. |
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64 |
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2 |
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243-265 |
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Agglomeration; Aggregation; Economic geography; Point patterns; Spatial concentration; accuracy assessment; econometrics; economic activity; economic geography; industrial agglomeration; industrial location; location decision; spatial analysis; spatial distribution |
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For more than a decade, distance-based methods have been widely employed and constantly improved in spatial economics. These methods are a very useful tool for accurately evaluating the spatial distribution of economic activity. We introduce a new distance-based statistical measure for evaluating the spatial concentration of industries. The m function is the first relative density function to be proposed in economics. This tool supplements the typology of distance-based methods recently drawn up by Marcon and Puech (J Econ Geogr 3(4):409–428, 2003). By considering several simulated and real examples, we show the advantages and the limits of the m function for detecting spatial structures in economics. © 2019, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature. |
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RITM, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay and CREST, Sceaux, France |
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Springer |
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05701864 (Issn) |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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976 |
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Fanin, N.; Barantal, S.; Fromin, N.; Schimann, H.; Schevin, P.; Hattenschwiler, S. |
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Distinct Microbial Limitations in Litter and Underlying Soil Revealed by Carbon and Nutrient Fertilization in a Tropical Rainforest |
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2012 |
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PLoS ONE |
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7 |
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12 |
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e49990 |
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Human-caused alterations of the carbon and nutrient cycles are expected to impact tropical ecosystems in the near future. Here we evaluated how a combined change in carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) availability affects soil and litter microbial respiration and litter decomposition in an undisturbed Amazonian rainforest in French Guiana. In a fully factorial C (as cellulose), N (as urea), and P (as phosphate) fertilization experiment we analyzed a total of 540 litterbag-soil pairs after a 158-day exposure in the field. Rates of substrate-induced respiration (SIR) measured in litter and litter mass loss were similarly affected by fertilization showing the strongest stimulation when N and P were added simultaneously. The stimulating NP effect on litter SIR increased considerably with increasing initial dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations in litter, suggesting that the combined availability of N, P, and a labile C source has a particularly strong effect on microbial activity. Cellulose fertilization, however, did not further stimulate the NP effect. In contrast to litter SIR and litter mass loss, soil SIR was reduced with N fertilization and showed only a positive effect in response to P fertilization that was further enhanced with additional C fertilization. Our data suggest that increased nutrient enrichment in the studied Amazonian rainforest can considerably change microbial activity and litter decomposition, and that these effects differ between the litter layer and the underlying soil. Any resulting change in relative C and nutrient fluxes between the litter layer and the soil can have important consequences for biogeochemical cycles in tropical forest ecosystems. © 2012 Fanin et al. |
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UMR Ecologie des Forêts de Guyane (EcoFoG), Campus Agronomique, Kourou, French Guiana |
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Export Date: 3 January 2013; Source: Scopus; Art. No.: e49990 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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454 |
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Coté, G.G.; Gibernau, M. |
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Distribution of calcium oxalate crystals in floral organs of araceae in relation to pollination strategy |
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Journal Article |
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2012 |
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American Journal of Botany |
Abbreviated Journal |
Am. J. Bot. |
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99 |
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7 |
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1231-1242 |
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Araceae; Beetles; Calcium oxalate; Crystal; Defense; Flowers; Herbivory; Pollination |
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Premise of the study: Many flowers are pollinated by potentially hungry insects, yet flowers also contain gametes and embryos which must be protected from predation. Microscopic calcium oxalate crystals in plant tissues have been proposed to protect against herbivory. Aroids, which have an unusual diversity of such crystals, also exhibit diverse pollination strategies. Many species have pollinators that do not feed while visiting the flowers, while other species, especially those pollinated by beetles, offer sterile staminodia as food rewards. We examined flowers of 21 aroid species with various pollination strategies to test the hypothesis that crystals protect vital gametes and embryos while allowing consumption of food bribes.Methods: Aroid inflorescences collected from the field or from greenhouse material were sectioned, cleared, and examined by bright field and polarization microscopy.Key results: All species examined, regardless of pollination strategy, arrayed crystals around unshed pollen and ovules. Less vital tissues, such as odoriferous appendages, had few crystals. Staminodia offered as food to beetle pollinators, however, differed greatly between species in their crystal contents. Some had minimal crystals; some had crystals in patterns suggesting they limit beetle feeding; still others had abundant crystals in no obvious pattern.Conclusions: The results are consistent with crystals protecting against insect predation of gametes and embryos. However, the role of crystals in food-bribe staminodia is unclear. They may limit and direct feeding by beetles in some species, while in others they might have no protective role. © 2012 Botanical Society of America. |
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CNRS-Ecolog (UMR 8172), Campus Agronomique BP316, Korou cedex 97379, France |
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00029122 (Issn) |
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Export Date: 10 August 2012; Source: Scopus; Coden: Ajboa; doi: 10.3732/ajb.1100499; Language of Original Document: English; Correspondence Address: Coté, G. G.; Biology Department, Radford University, Radford, VA 24142-6931, United States; email: gcote@radford.edu |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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420 |
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Scotti-Saintagne, C.; Bodenes, C.; Barreneche, T.; Pot, D.; Plomion, C.; Kremer, A. |
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Distribution of genomic regions differentiating oak species assessed by QTL detection |
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2004 |
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Heredity |
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Heredity |
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92 |
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1 |
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20-30 |
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QTL; leaf morphology; repeatability; genetic map; Q. robur |
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Pedunculate oak and sessile oak are two sympatric inter-fertile species that exhibit leaf morphological differences. We aimed to detect quantitative trait loci (QTLs) of these traits in order to locate genomic regions involved in species differentiation. A total of 15 leaf morphological traits were assessed in a mixed forest stand composed of Quercus petraea and Q. robur and in a full-sib pedigree of Q. robur. The progeny of the full-sib family were vegetatively propagated in two successive experiments comprising 174 and 216 sibs, and assessments were made on two leaves collected on each of the 1080 and 1530 cuttings corresponding to the two experiments. Traits that exhibited strong species differences in the mixed stand tended also to have higher repeatability values in the mapping population, thus indicating higher genetic control. A genetic map was constructed for QTL detection. Composite interval mapping with the one QTL model was used for QTL detection. From one to three QTLs were detected for 13 traits. In-depth analysis of the QTLs, controlling the five morphological traits that exhibited the highest interspecific differences in the mixed stand, indicated that they were distributed on six linkage groups, with two clusters comprising QTLs of at least two discriminant traits. These results were reinforced when error 1 for QTL detection was set at 5% at the chromosome level, as up to nine clusters could be identified. In conclusion, traits involved in interspecific differentiation of oaks are under polygenic control and widespread in clusters across the genome. |
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INRA, UMR Biodivers Genes & Ecosyst, F-33612 Cestas, France |
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NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP |
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0018-067X |
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ISI:000187216300005 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
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267 |
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Guitet, S.; Sabatier, D.; Brunaux, O.; Couteron, P.; Denis, T.; Freycon, V.; Gonzalez, S.; Hérault, B.; Jaouen, G.; Molino, J.-F.; Pélissier, R.; Richard-Hansen, C.; Vincent, G. |
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Title |
Disturbance Regimes Drive the Diversity of Regional Floristic Pools Across Guianan Rainforest Landscapes |
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Journal Article |
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2018 |
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Scientific Reports |
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Sci. Rep. |
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8 |
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3872 |
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Disturbances control rainforest dynamics, and, according to the intermediate disturbance hypothesis (IDH), disturbance regime is a key driver of local diversity. Variations in disturbance regimes and their consequences on regional diversity at broad spatiotemporal scales are still poorly understood. Using multidisciplinary large-scale inventories and LiDAR acquisitions, we developed a robust indicator of disturbance regimes based on the frequency of a few early successional and widely distributed pioneer species. We demonstrate at the landscape scale that tree-species diversity and disturbance regimes vary with climate and relief. Significant relationships between the disturbance indicator, tree-species diversity and soil phosphorus content agree with the hypothesis that rainforest diversity is controlled both by disturbance regimes and long-term ecosystem stability. These effects explain the broad-scale patterns of floristic diversity observed between landscapes. In fact, species-rich forests in highlands, which have benefited from long-term stability combined with a moderate and regular regime of local disturbances, contrast with less diversified forests on recently shaped lowlands, which have undergone more recent changes and irregular dynamics. These results suggest that taking the current disturbance regime into account and including geomorphological stratifications in climate-vegetation models may be an effective way to improve the prediction of changes in species diversity under climate change. © 2018 The Author(s). |
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AgroParisTech, EcoFoG, Kourou, French Guiana |
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Export Date: 21 March 2018 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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798 |
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Nasr, H.; Domenach, A.M.; Ghorbel, M.H.; Benson, D.R. |
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Divergence in symbiotic interactions between same genotypic PCR-RFLP Frankia strains and different Casuarinaceae species under natural conditions |
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2007 |
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Physiologia Plantarum |
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Physiol. Plant. |
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130 |
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3 |
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400-408 |
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The symbiotic interactions between Frankia strains and their associated plants from the Casuarinaceae under controlled conditions are well documented but little is known about these interactions under natural conditions. We explored the symbiotic interactions between eight genotypically characterized Frankia strains and five Casuarinaceae species in long-term field trials. Characterization of strains was performed using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) for the nifD-nifK intergenic transcribed spacer (ITS) and 16S-23S ITS. Assessments of the symbiotic interactions were based on nodulation patterns using nodule dry weight and viability, and on actual N-2 fixation using the delta N-15 method. The PCR-RFLP patterns showed that the analyzed strains belonged to the same genotypic group (CeD group), regardless of the host species and environment of origin. The nodule viability index is introduced as a new tool to measure the viability of perennial nodules and to predict their effectiveness. The host Casuarinaceae species was a key factor influencing both the actual N-2-fixing activity of the associated Frankia strain and the viability of nodules within a location. This is the first study providing information on the symbiotic interactions between genotypically characterized Frankia strains and actinorhizal plants under natural conditions. The results revealed a way to improve a long-term management of the Casuarinaceae symbiosis. |
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Univ Connecticut, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Storrs, CT 06279 USA, Email: david.benson@uconn.edu |
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BLACKWELL PUBLISHING |
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0031-9317 |
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ISI:000247206100010 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
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161 |
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Mirabel, A.; Hérault, B.; Marcon, E. |
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Diverging taxonomic and functional trajectories following disturbance in a Neotropical forest |
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2020 |
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Science of The Total Environment |
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720 |
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137397 |
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Community ecology; Disturbance trajectories; Intermediate disturbance hypothesis; Mid-term resilience; Neotropical forests; Taxonomic and functional biodiversity |
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In the current global change context, it is urgent to anticipate the fate of tropical forests. This means understanding tree community response to disturbance and the underlying processes. In that respect, we aim here to clarify taxonomic and functional post-disturbance trajectories, and determine the scope of the Intermediate Disturbance Hypothesis (IDH) that remains debated in tropical forests. We analyzed community trajectories following a disturbance gradient from 10 to 60% of above-ground biomass loss in a Neotropical forest over 30 years. We considered trajectories along time of community taxonomic and functional trajectories in terms of richness, evenness, composition, and redundancy. We based on the annual botanical inventories of 75 ha of a Neotropical forest and on large trait datasets comprising seven leaf, stem, and life-history traits. We identified a decoupling between taxonomic composition, differing among communities, and functional composition, similar among communities and convergent in the functional space. The taxonomic diversity followed humped-shaped trajectories along time after disturbance depending on the initial disturbance intensity, which validated the IDH (Intermediate Disturbance Hypothesis). The functional diversity trajectories, however, were homogeneous among plots and dismissed the IDH. We explained this decoupling by the variations in community functional redundancy that mitigated the functional impact of disturbance. Although consistent, the recovery of community composition, diversity, and redundancy remained divergent from the initial state after 30 years. These results acknowledged the need of decades-long cycles without disturbance to ensure community complete recovery. |
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0048-9697 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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920 |
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Diatta, Bétémondji Désiré ; Niass, Ousmane ; Diouf, Massamba ; Guéye, Mathieu ; Houel, Emeline ; Boetsch, Gilles |
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Diversité et composition phytochimique des bâtonnets frotte-dents (cure-dents) proposés chez les Peul de la commune de Tessékéré (Ferlo Nord, Sénégal) |
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2021 |
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Journal of Applied Biosciences |
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158 |
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16267-16281 |
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Objectifs : Le but de cette étude était de déterminer la composition phytochimique et la teneur en grandes classes chimiques des tiges les plus utilisées comme bâtonnets frotte-dents chez les peul de Widou Thiengoli au Nord Ferlo (Sénégal). Méthodes et résultats : Des entretiens ouverts semi structurés ont permis de recueillir les plantes les plus utilisées. L’indice de fidélité renseigne sur la convergence des usages quant à l’emploi des plantes comme bâtonnets frotte-dent comparé aux autres pratiques cosmétiques. L’étude de la composition phytochimique des tiges a ciblé 8 classes chimiques. Les tanins et les saponines sont très fréquents ; les terpénoïdes et les leuco-anthocyanines presque inexistants. Un dosage des flavonoïdes, alcaloïdes et polyphénols, réalisé chez des extraits aqueux, a porté sur 12 plantes. Les meilleures teneurs en polyphénols et alcaloïdes sont recueillies chez Anogeissus leiocarpa, et la meilleure en flavonoïdes chez Commiphora africana. Conclusion et applicabilité des résultats : Ces résultats permettent de sélectionner à travers la composition phytochimique des plantes, les espèces présentant de potentielles activités antimicrobiennes, car renfermant des composés phytochimique doués de fonctions germicides, au- delà de la fonction mécanique connue des bâtonnets dans l’élimination de la plaque dentaire. |
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Elewa |
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1997-5902 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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1053 |
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