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| Author |
Rutishauser, E.; Herault, B.; Petronelli, P.; Sist, P. |
Title  |
Tree Height Reduction After Selective Logging in a Tropical Forest |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Biotropica |
Abbreviated Journal |
Biotropica |
| Volume |
48 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
285-289 |
| Keywords |
carbon sequestration; forest management; logging; tropical forests; wood production |
| Abstract |
By harvesting scattered large trees, selective logging increases light availability and thereby stimulates growth and crown expansion at early-life stage among remnant trees. We assessed the effects of logging on total and merchantable bole (i.e., lowest branch at crown base) heights on 952 tropical canopy trees in French Guiana. We observed reductions in both total (mean, −2.3 m) and bole (mean, −2.0 m) heights more than a decade after selective logging. Depending on local logging intensity, height reductions resulted in 2–13 percent decreases in aboveground tree biomass and 3–17 percent decreases in bole volume. These results highlight the adverse effects of logging at both tree and stand levels. This decrease in height is a further threat to future provision of key environmental services, such as timber production and carbon sequestration. |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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723 |
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Schimann, H.; Vleminckx, J.; Baraloto, C.; Engel, J.; Jaouen, G.; Louisanna, E.; Manzi, S.; Sagne, A.; Roy, M. |
| Title |
Tree communities and soil properties influence fungal community assembly in neotropical forests |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Biotropica |
Abbreviated Journal |
Biotropica |
| Volume |
52 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
444-456 |
| Keywords |
communities; composition; diversity; habitat; lowland neotropical rain forest; macrofungi; soil properties; trees; ectomycorrhiza; fungus; heterogeneity; Neotropical Region; physicochemical property; rainforest; species inventory; species richness; tree; tropical forest; French Guiana; Agaricales; Aphyllophorales; Basidiomycota |
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The influence exerted by tree communities, topography, and soil chemistry on the assembly of macrofungal communities remains poorly understood, especially in highly diverse tropical forests. Here, we used a large dataset that combines inventories of macrofungal Basidiomycetes fruiting bodies, tree species composition, and measurements for 16 soil physicochemical parameters, collected in 34 plots located in four sites of lowland rain forests in French Guiana. Plots were established on three different topographical conditions: hilltop, slope, and seasonally flooded soils. We found hyperdiverse Basidiomycetes communities, mainly comprising members of Agaricales and Polyporales. Phosphorus, clay contents, and base saturation in soils strongly varied across plots and shaped the richness and composition of tree communities. The latter composition explained 23% of the variation in the composition of macrofungal communities, probably through high heterogeneity of the litter chemistry and selective effects of biotic interactions. The high local heterogeneity of habitats influenced the distribution of both macrofungi and trees, as a result of diversed local soil hydromorphic conditions associated with contrasting soil chemistry. This first regional study across habitats of French Guiana forests revealed new niches for macrofungi, such as ectomycorrhizal ones, and illustrates how macrofungi inventories are still paramount to can be to understand the processes at work in the tropics. Abstract in Spanish is available with online material. © 2020 The Association for Tropical Biology and Conservation |
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Laboratoire Évolution et Diversité Biologique, CNRS, UMR 5174 UPS CNRS ENFA IRD, Université Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France |
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Blackwell Publishing Ltd |
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00063606 (Issn) |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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968 |
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Odonne, G.; Berger, F.; Stien, D.; Grenand, P.; Bourdy, G. |
| Title |
Treatment of leishmaniasis in the Oyapock basin (French Guiana): A K.A.P. survey and analysis of the evolution of phytotherapy knowledge amongst Wayãpi Indians |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Journal of Ethnopharmacology |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Ethnopharmacol. |
| Volume |
137 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
1228-1239 |
| Keywords |
Camopi River; French Guiana; Intercultural exchanges; K.A.P.; Knowledge attitude and practices; Knowledge evolution; Leishmaniasis; Oyapock River; Quantitative ethnopharmacology; Teko; Traditional remedies; Wayãpi |
| Abstract |
Ethnopharmacological relevance: Cutaneous leishmaniasis is a neglected disease with a high incidence in French Guiana, mainly in the middle and upper Oyapock basin, where Amerindian and some Brazilian people live. The main goals of this work were (i) to assess the knowledge about leishmaniasis in the different populations of the middle and upper Oyapock basin, (ii) to study the therapeutic strategies adopted by people affected by leishmaniasis and (iii) to document the use of phytotherapeutic remedies for leishmaniasis. Knowledge, attitudes and practices (K.A.P.) related to this disease and its treatments have been studied according to cultural group and geographical settlement. Within the Wayãpi group, the evolution of the knowledge of phytoremedies over the last 20 years has been characterised by literature-based comparisons. Materials and methods: A total of 144 questionnaires were administered in all the villages of the upper Oyapock and Camopi basins. Correspondence analyses were used for multivariate analysis. Plant species were identified at the Cayenne Herbarium (CAY). Results: The biomedical concept of leishmaniasis correlates well with the Teko and Wayãpi concepts of kalasapa and kalasapau. Although the vector of this disease was not correctly identified, the most commonly cited aetiology (74.5%) was vector-borne, and related epidemiological schemes correlate well with the one encountered in French Guiana. Theoretically and practically, health centres were the most commonly used resource for diagnostic in instances of leishmaniasis infection (65.9%), independently of the patient's cultural group, along with the use of pharmaceutical drugs (85.3%). Pharmaceuticals were commonly utilised despite the frequent (51.5%) use of phytotherapeutic remedies, alone or in combination with drugs. The most cited medicinal plant species for the treatment of leishmaniasis included Eleutherine bulbosa (Mill.) Urb. (Iridaceae, cited 14 times), Euterpe oleracea Mart. (Arecaceae, 9), Cecropia obtusa Trecul (Cecropiaceae, 8), Jatropha curcas L. (Euphorbiaceae, 7), Ceiba pentandra (L.) Gaertn. (Bombacaceae, 6) and Carica papaya L. (Caricaceae, 6). Multiple correspondence analyses demonstrated that the species used in leishmaniasis remedies are more prone to vary by the user's place of residence than by their cultural origin, which indicates that exchange of knowledge about leishmaniasis remedies has occurred across different cultural groups. Literature-based comparisons between the remedies for leishmaniasis used by the Wayãpi during the 1980s showed a striking evolution, both in terms of diversity of species and number of plants used. The large number of species shared with other Guianese groups argues for intercultural exchange and may explain the majority (57.1%) of the newly used species highlighted in our study. Conclusions: Leishmaniasis is a well-known disease in the studied area. Phytotherapeutic treatments are still in use, although they are not the main source of remedies, and should undergo pharmacological studies to evaluate their potential therapeutic value. © 2011 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. |
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IRD, UMR152, F-31062 Toulouse Cedex 9, France |
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03788741 (Issn) |
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Export Date: 8 November 2011; Source: Scopus; Article in Press; Coden: Joetd; doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2011.07.044; Language of Original Document: English; Correspondence Address: Odonne, G.; CNRS-UMR Ecofog, Université des Antilles et de la Guyane, 97337 Cayenne Cedex, Franceemail: guillaume.odonne@gmail.com |
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368 |
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Odonne, G.; Houel, E.; Bourdy, G.; Stien, D. |
| Title |
Treating leishmaniasis in Amazonia: A review of ethnomedicinal concepts and pharmaco-chemical analysis of traditional treatments to inspire modern phytotherapies |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Journal of Ethnopharmacology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Journal of Ethnopharmacology |
| Volume |
199 |
Issue |
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Pages |
211-230 |
| Keywords |
Amazonia; Distribution indexes; Ethnomedecine; Interculturality; Leishmaniasis; Medicinal plants; Traditional medicine |
| Abstract |
Ethnopharmacological relevance Cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis are neglected tropical diseases that occur in all intertropical regions of the world. Amazonian populations have developed an abundant knowledge of the disease and its remedies. Therefore, we undertook to review traditional antileishmanial plants in Amazonia and have developed new tools to analyze this somewhat dispersed information. Material and methods A literature review of traditional remedies for cutaneous/mucocutaneous leishmaniasis in the Amazon was conducted and the data obtained was used to calculate distribution indexes designed to highlight the most relevant uses in Amazonia. The cultural distribution index represents the distribution rate of a given taxon among different cultural groups and was calculated as the ratio of the number of groups using the taxon to the total number of groups cited. The geographical distribution index allowed us to quantify spatial distribution of a taxon's uses in Amazonia and was calculated geometrically by measuring the average distance between the points where uses have been reported and the barycenter of those points. The general distribution index was defined as an arithmetic combination of the previous two and provides information on both cultural and spatial criteria. Results 475 use reports, concerning 291 botanical species belonging to 83 families have been gathered depicted from 29 sources. Uses concern 34 cultural groups. While the use of some taxa appears to be Pan-Amazonian, some others are clearly restricted to small geographical regions. Particular attention has been paid to the recipes and beliefs surrounding treatments. Topical application of the remedies dominated the other means of administration and this deserves particular attention as the main treatments against Neotropical leishmaniasis are painful systemic injections. The data set was analyzed using the previously defined distribution indexes and the most relevant taxa were further discussed from a phytochemical and pharmacological point of view. Conclusions The Amazonian biodiversity and cultural heritage host a fantastic amount of data whose systematic investigation should allow a better large-scale understanding of the dynamics of traditional therapies and the consequent discovery of therapeutic solutions for neglected diseases. Distribution indices are indeed powerful tools for emphasizing the most relevant treatments against a given disease and should be very useful in the meta-analysis of other regional pharmacopeia. This focus on renowned remedies that have not yet benefitted from extended laboratory studies, could stimulate future research on new treatments of natural origin for leishmaniasis. © 2017 Elsevier Ireland Ltd |
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Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biodiversité et Biotechnologies Microbiennes (LBBM), Observatoire Océanologique, Banyuls-sur-Mer, France |
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Export Date: 27 February 2017 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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737 |
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Fang, C.H.; Clair, B.; Gril, J.; Almeras, T. |
| Title |
Transverse shrinkage in G-fibers as a function of cell wall layering and growth strain |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
2007 |
Publication |
Wood Science and Technology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Wood Sci. Technol. |
| Volume |
41 |
Issue |
8 |
Pages |
659-671 |
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Transverse drying shrinkage was measured at microscopic and mesoscopic levels in poplar wood characterised by an increasing growth strain (GS), from normal to tension wood. Results show that: (a) the drying shrinkage, measured as a relative thickness decrease, was significantly higher for G-layer (GL) than for the other layers (OL), GL shrinkage was not significantly correlated with GS, and OL shrinkage was negatively correlated with GS. (b) In gelatinous fibre (G-fibre), lumen size increased during drying and this increase was positively related with GS, but in normal wood fibre, lumen size decreased during drying. These findings suggest that GL shrank outwards (i.e., its internal perimeter increases), so that its shrinkage weakly affected the total cell shrinkage and the mesoscopic shrinkage was controlled by the OL shrinkage which shrank inwards (i.e., its external perimeter decreases). (c) Measurements done on 7 x 7 mm(2) thin sections evidenced a negative correlation between transverse shrinkage and GS, significant in T direction but weak in R direction. These observations at both levels allow to discuss the contribution of GL to the mesoscopic shrinkage of tension wood. |
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Univ Montpellier 2, Lab Mech & Gene Civil, F-34095 Montpellier, France, Email: fang1979@gmail.com |
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SPRINGER |
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0043-7719 |
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ISI:000250381500003 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
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155 |
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Perz, S.G.; Qiu, Y.; Xia, Y.; Southworth, J.; Sun, J.; Marsik, M.; Rocha, K.; Passos, V.; Rojas, D.; Alarcón, G.; Barnes, G.; Baraloto, C. |
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Trans-boundary infrastructure and land cover change: Highway paving and community-level deforestation in a tri-national frontier in the Amazon |
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Journal Article |
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2013 |
Publication |
Land Use Policy |
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34 |
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27-41 |
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Amazon; Brazil, Peru; Globalization; Infrastructure; Land |
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Economic globalization manifests in landscapes through regional integration initiatives involving trans-boundary infrastructure. While the relationships of roads, accessibility and land cover are well-understood, they have rarely been considered across borders in national frontier regions. We therefore pursue an analysis of infrastructure connectivity and land cover change in the tri-national frontier of the southwestern Amazon where Bolivia, Brazil and Peru meet, and where the Inter-Oceanic Highway has recently been paved. We integrate satellite, survey, climate and other data for a sample of rural communities that differ in terms of highway paving across the tri-national frontier. We employ a suite of explanatory variables tied to road paving and other factors that vary both across and within the three sides of the frontier in order to model their importance for deforestation. A multivariate analysis of non-forest land cover during 2005-2010 confirms the importance of paving status and travel times, as well as land tenure and other factors. These findings indicate that integration affects land cover, but does not eliminate the effects of other factors that vary across the frontier, which bears implications for the study of globalization, trans-boundary infrastructure, environmental governance and land cover change. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. |
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Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States |
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Export Date: 14 March 2013; Source: Scopus |
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475 |
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Ntawuhiganayo, E.B.; Uwizeye, F.K.; Zibera, E.; Dusenge, M.E.; Ziegler, C.; Ntirugulirwa, B.; Nsabimana, D.; Wallin, G.; Uddling, J. |
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Traits controlling shade tolerance in tropical montane trees |
Type |
Journal Article |
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2020 |
Publication |
Tree physiology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Tree Physiol. |
| Volume |
40 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
183-197 |
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biomass allocation; leaf temperature; plant traits; Rwanda; shade intolerance; shade tolerance; tropical montane forest; article; biomass allocation; breathing; canopy; carbon balance; compensation; photosynthesis; plant leaf; plant stem; rain forest; Rwanda; shade tolerance; species difference; sweating |
| Abstract |
Tropical canopies are complex, with multiple canopy layers and pronounced gap dynamics contributing to their high species diversity and productivity. An important reason for this complexity is the large variation in shade tolerance among different tree species. At present, we lack a clear understanding of which plant traits control this variation, e.g., regarding the relative contributions of whole-plant versus leaf traits or structural versus physiological traits. We investigated a broad range of traits in six tropical montane rainforest tree species with different degrees of shade tolerance, grown under three different radiation regimes (under the open sky or beneath sparse or dense canopies). The two distinct shade-tolerant species had higher fractional biomass in leaves and branches while shade-intolerant species invested more into stems, and these differences were greater under low radiation. Leaf respiration and photosynthetic light compensation point did not vary with species shade tolerance, regardless of radiation regime. Leaf temperatures in open plots were markedly higher in shade-tolerant species due to their low transpiration rates and large leaf sizes. Our results suggest that interspecific variation in shade tolerance of tropical montane trees is controlled by species differences in whole-plant biomass allocation strategy rather than by difference in physiological leaf traits determining leaf carbon balance at low radiation. © The Author(s) 2019. Published by Oxford University Press. |
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Rwanda Agriculture and Animal Resources Development, PO Box 5016Kigali, Rwanda |
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NLM (Medline) |
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Export Date: 16 March 2020 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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922 |
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Dejean, A.; Corbara, B.; Céréghino, R.; Leponce, M.; Roux, O.; Rossi, V.; Delabie, J.H.C.; Compin, A. |
| Title |
Traits allowing some ant species to nest syntopically with the fire ant Solenopsis saevissima in its native range |
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Journal Article |
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2015 |
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Insect Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Insect Science |
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22 |
Issue |
2 |
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289-294 |
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Ant community; Fire ants; Invasive species; Solenopsis saevissima; Species coexistence; Supercoloniality |
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Supercolonies of the red fire ant Solenopsis saevissima (Smith) develop in disturbed environments and likely alter the ant community in the native range of the species. For example, in French Guiana only 8 ant species were repeatedly noted as nesting in close vicinity to its mounds. Here, we verified if a shared set of biological, ecological, and behavioral traits might explain how these 8 species are able to nest in the presence of S. saevissima. We did not find this to be the case. We did find, however, that all of them are able to live in disturbed habitats. It is likely that over the course of evolution each of these species acquired the capacity to live syntopically with S. saevissima through its own set of traits, where colony size (4 species develop large colonies), cuticular compounds which do not trigger aggressiveness (6 species) and submissive behaviors (4 species) complement each other. © 2013 Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. |
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U.P.A. Laboratório de Mirmecologia, Convênio UESC/CEPLAC, C.P. 7Itabuna, Bahia, Brazil |
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Export Date: 9 April 2015 |
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594 |
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Orivel, J.; Malé, P.-J.; Lauth, J.; Roux, O.; Petitclerc, F.; Dejean, A.; Leroy, C. |
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Trade-offs in an ant–plant–fungus mutualism |
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Journal Article |
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2017 |
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Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences |
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Proc Biol Sci |
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284 |
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1850 |
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20161679 |
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Species engaged in multiple, simultaneous mutualisms are subject to trade-offs in their mutualistic investment if the traits involved in each interaction are overlapping, which can lead to conflicts and affect the longevity of these associations. We investigate this issue via a tripartite mutualism involving an ant plant, two competing ant species and a fungus the ants cultivate to build galleries under the stems of their host plant to capture insect prey. The use of the galleries represents an innovative prey capture strategy compared with the more typical strategy of foraging on leaves. However, because of a limited worker force in their colonies, the prey capture behaviour of the ants results in a trade-off between plant protection (i.e. the ants patrol the foliage and attack intruders including herbivores) and ambushing prey in the galleries, which has a cascading effect on the fitness of all of the partners. The quantification of partners' traits and effects showed that the two ant species differed in their mutualistic investment. Less investment in the galleries (i.e. in fungal cultivation) translated into more benefits for the plant in terms of less herbivory and higher growth rates and vice versa. However, the greater vegetative growth of the plants did not produce a positive fitness effect for the better mutualistic ant species in terms of colony size and production of sexuals nor was the mutualist compensated by the wider dispersal of its queens. As a consequence, although the better ant mutualist is the one that provides more benefits to its host plant, its lower host–plant exploitation does not give this ant species a competitive advantage. The local coexistence of the ant species is thus fleeting and should eventually lead to the exclusion of the less competitive species. |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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745 |
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Baraloto, C.; Alverga, P.; Quispe, S.B.; Barnes, G.; Chura, N.B.; Da Silva, I.B.; Castro, W.; Da Souza, H.; De Souza Moll, I.; Del Alcazar Chilo, J.; Linares, H.D.; Quispe, J.G.; Kenji, D.; Medeiros, H.; Murphy, S.; Rockwell, C.A.; Shenkin, A.; Silveira, M.; Southworth, J.; Vasquez, G.; Perz, S. |
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Trade-offs among forest value components in community forests of southwestern Amazonia |
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Journal Article |
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2014 |
Publication |
Ecology and Society |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ecology and Society |
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19 |
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4 |
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56 |
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Açai; Biodiversity conservation; Brazil nut; Carbon stocks; Livelihood; Ntfp; Redd; Rubber; Timber; Tropical rainforest |
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Contemporary conservation interventions must balance potential trade-offs between multiple ecosystem services. In tropical forests, much attention has focused on the extent to which carbon-based conservation provided by REDD+ policies can also mitigate biodiversity conservation. In the nearly one-third of tropical forests that are community owned or managed, conservation strategies must also balance the multiple uses of forest products that support local livelihoods. Although much discussion has focused on policy options, little empirical evidence exists to evaluate the potential for trade-offs among different tropical forest value components. We assessed multiple components of forest value, including tree diversity, carbon stocks, and both timber and nontimber forest product resources, in forest communities across the trinational frontier of Brazil, Peru, and Bolivia. We installed 69 0.5-ha vegetation plots in local communities, and we characterized 15 components of forest value for each plot. Principal components analyses revealed two major axes of forest value, the first of which defined a trade-off between diversity of woody plant communities (taxonomic and functional) versus aboveground biomass and standing timber volume. The second axis described abundance of commercial species, with strong positive loadings for density of timber and nontimber forest products, including Brazil nut (Bertholletia excelsa) and copaiba oil (Copaifera spp.). The observed trade-off between different components of forest value suggests a potential for management conflicts prioritizing biodiversity conservation versus carbon stocks in the region. We discuss the potential for integrative indices of forest value for tropical forest conservation. |
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Department of Sociology and Criminology and Law, University of Florida, United States |
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Export Date: 23 March 2015 |
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