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Author |
Verbeeck, H.; Peylin, P.; Bacour, C.; Bonal, D.; Steppe, K.; Ciais, P. |
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Title |
Seasonal patterns of CO2 fluxes in Amazon forests: Fusion of eddy covariance data and the ORCHIDEE model |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Journal Of Geophysical Research-Biogeosciences |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci. |
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Volume |
116 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
G02018 |
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[1] In some regions of the Amazon, global biogeophysical models have difficulties in reproducing measured seasonal patterns of net ecosystem exchange (NEE) of carbon dioxide. The global process-based biosphere model Organizing Carbon and Hydrology in Dynamic Ecosystems (ORCHIDEE) used in this study showed that a standard model parameterization produces seasonal NEE patterns that are opposite in phase to the eddy flux data of the tropical evergreen forest at the Tapajos km 67 site (Brazil), like many other global models. However, we optimized several key parameters of ORCHIDEE using eddy covariance data of the Tapajos km 67 site in order to identify the driving factors of the seasonal variations in CO2 flux in this tropical forest ecosystem. The validity of the retrieved parameter values was evaluated for two other flux tower sites in the Amazon. The different tested optimization scenarios showed that only a few parameters substantially improve the fit to NEE and latent heat data. Our results confirm that these forests have the ability to maintain high transpiration and photosynthesis during the dry season in association with a large soil depth (D-soil = 10 m) and a rooting system density that decreases almost linearly with depth (H-root = 0.1). Previous analyses of seasonal variations in eddy covariance fluxes indicated that higher GPP levels were reached in the dry season compared to the wet season. Our optimization analysis suggests that this pattern could be caused by a leaf flush at the start of the dry season increasing the photosynthetic capacity of the canopy. Nevertheless, the current model structure is not yet able to simulate such a leaf flush, and we therefore suggest improving the ORCHIDEE model by including a specific phenology module that is driven by light availability for the tropical evergreen plant functional types. In addition, our results highlight both the potential and the limitations of flux data to improve global terrestrial models. Several parameters were not identifiable, and the risk of overfitting of the model was illustrated. Nevertheless, we conclude that these models can be improved substantially by assimilating site level flux data over the tropics. |
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[Verbeeck, Hans; Steppe, Kathy] Univ Ghent, Plant Ecol Lab, Dept Appl Ecol & Environm Biol, Fac Biosci Engn, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium, Email: hans.verbeeck@ugent.be |
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Amer Geophysical Union |
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0148-0227 |
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ISI:000290933500002 |
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Call Number |
EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
Serial |
321 |
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Author |
Roux, O.; Cereghino, R.; Solano, P.J.; Dejean, A. |
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Title |
Caterpillars and Fungal Pathogens: Two Co-Occurring Parasites of an Ant-Plant Mutualism |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2011 |
Publication |
PLoS One |
Abbreviated Journal |
PLoS One |
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Volume |
6 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
e20538 |
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Abstract |
In mutualisms, each interacting species obtains resources from its partner that it would obtain less efficiently if alone, and so derives a net fitness benefit. In exchange for shelter (domatia) and food, mutualistic plant-ants protect their host myrmecophytes from herbivores, encroaching vines and fungal pathogens. Although selective filters enable myrmecophytes to host those ant species most favorable to their fitness, some insects can by-pass these filters, exploiting the rewards supplied whilst providing nothing in return. This is the case in French Guiana for Cecropia obtusa (Cecropiaceae) as Pseudocabima guianalis caterpillars (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae) can colonize saplings before the installation of their mutualistic Azteca ants. The caterpillars shelter in the domatia and feed on food bodies (FBs) whose production increases as a result. They delay colonization by ants by weaving a silk shield above the youngest trichilium, where the FBs are produced, blocking access to them. This probable temporal priority effect also allows female moths to lay new eggs on trees that already shelter caterpillars, and so to occupy the niche longer and exploit Cecropia resources before colonization by ants. However, once incipient ant colonies are able to develop, they prevent further colonization by the caterpillars. Although no higher herbivory rates were noted, these caterpillars are ineffective in protecting their host trees from a pathogenic fungus, Fusarium moniliforme (Deuteromycetes), that develops on the trichilium in the absence of mutualistic ants. Therefore, the Cecropia treelets can be parasitized by two often overlooked species: the caterpillars that shelter in the domatia and feed on FBs, delaying colonization by mutualistic ants, and the fungal pathogen that develops on old trichilia. The cost of greater FB production plus the presence of the pathogenic fungus likely affect tree growth. |
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[Roux, Olivier; Dejean, Alain] CNRS, Ecol Forets Guyane UMR 8172, Kourou, France, Email: olivier.roux@ird.fr |
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Public Library Science |
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1932-6203 |
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ISI:000291097600091 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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322 |
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Author |
Hattenschwiler, S.; Fromin, N.; Barantal, S. |
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Title |
Functional diversity of terrestrial microbial decomposers and their substrates |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Comptes Rendus Biologies |
Abbreviated Journal |
C. R. Biol. |
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Volume |
334 |
Issue |
5-6 |
Pages |
393-402 |
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Keywords |
Bacteria; Biogeochemical cycles; Decomposition; Dissimilarity; Ecosystem functioning; Functional diversity indices; Fungi; Leaf litter |
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Abstract |
The relationship between biodiversity and biogeochemical processes gained much interest in light of the rapidly decreasing biodiversity worldwide. In this article, we discuss the current status, challenges and prospects of functional concepts to plant litter diversity and microbial decomposer diversity. We also evaluate whether these concepts permit a better understanding of how biodiversity is linked to litter decomposition as a key ecosystem process influencing carbon and nutrient cycles. Based on a literature survey, we show that plant litter and microbial diversity matters for decomposition, but that considering numbers of taxonomic units appears overall as little relevant and less useful than functional diversity. However, despite easily available functional litter traits and the well-established theoretical framework for functional litter diversity, the impact of functional litter diversity on decomposition is not yet well enough explored. Defining functional diversity of microorganisms remains one of the biggest challenges for functional approaches to microbial diversity. Recent developments in microarray and metagenomics technology offer promising possibilities in the assessment of the functional structure of microbial communities. This might allow significant progress in measuring functional microbial diversity and ultimately in our ability to predict consequences of biodiversity loss in the decomposer system for biogeochemical processes. (C) 2011 Academie des sciences. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved. |
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[Haettenschwiler, Stephan; Fromin, Nathalie; Barantal, Sandra] CNRS, CEFE, F-34293 Montpellier 5, France, Email: stephan.hattenschwiler@cefe.cnrs.fr |
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Elsevier France-Editions Scientifiques Medicales Elsevier |
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1631-0691 |
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ISI:000292013400008 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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323 |
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Author |
Lebrini, M.; Robert, F.; Blandinieres, P.A.; Roos, C. |
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Title |
Corrosion Inhibition by Isertia coccinea Plant Extract in Hydrochloric Acid Solution |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2011 |
Publication |
International Journal of Electrochemical Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Int. J. Electrochem. Sci. |
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Volume |
6 |
Issue |
7 |
Pages |
2443-2460 |
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Keywords |
Isertia coccinea; corrosion inhibitors; C38 steel; acidic media; adsorption |
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Abstract |
The effect of alkaloids extracted from Isertia coccinea plant (AEIC) on the corrosion of C38 steel in 1 M hydrochloric acid was investigated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and potentiodynamic polarization techniques. Potentiodynamic polarization curves indicated that the extract behave as mixed-type inhibitor. The experimental data obtained from EIS method show a frequency distribution and therefore a modelling element with frequency dispersion behaviour, a constant phase element (CPE) has been used. The inhibition efficiencies of the extract calculated by three methods show the same tendency. Inhibition was found to increase with increasing concentration of the plant extract. The results obtained show that the extract solution of the plant could serve as an effective inhibitor for the corrosion of C38 steel in hydrochloric acid solution. The apparent activation energy of the process taking place in inhibitor presence was determined on the ground of four temperature values in the range from 25 degrees C to 55 degrees C using the data obtained by two independent methods. Theoretical fitting of different isotherms, Langmuir, Temkin and Frunkin, were tested to clarify the nature of adsorption. |
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[Lebrini, M.; Robert, F.; Blandinieres, P. A.; Roos, C.] UAG UMR ECOFOG, Lab Mat & Mol Milieu Amazonien, Cayenne 97337, French Guiana, Email: florent.robert@guyane.univ-ag.fr |
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Electrochemical Science Group |
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ISSN |
1452-3981 |
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Notes |
ISI:000292331400014 |
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no |
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Call Number |
EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
Serial |
324 |
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Author |
Baraloto, C.; Rabaud, S.; Molto, Q.; Blanc, L.; Fortunel, C.; Herault, B.; Davila, N.; Mesones, I.; Rios, M.; Valderrama, E.; Fine, P.V.A. |
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Title |
Disentangling stand and environmental correlates of aboveground biomass in Amazonian forests |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Global Change Biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Glob. Change Biol. |
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Volume |
17 |
Issue |
8 |
Pages |
2677-2688 |
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Keywords |
carbon stocks; climate; flooded forest; forest structure; French Guiana; Peru; REDD; soil properties; tropical rainforest; white-sand forest; wood specific gravity |
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Abstract |
Tropical forests contain an important proportion of the carbon stored in terrestrial vegetation, but estimated aboveground biomass (AGB) in tropical forests varies two-fold, with little consensus on the relative importance of climate, soil and forest structure in explaining spatial patterns. Here, we present analyses from a plot network designed to examine differences among contrasting forest habitats (terra firme, seasonally flooded, and white-sand forests) that span the gradient of climate and soil conditions of the Amazon basin. We installed 0.5-ha plots in 74 sites representing the three lowland forest habitats in both Loreto, Peru and French Guiana, and we integrated data describing climate, soil physical and chemical characteristics and stand variables, including local measures of wood specific gravity (WSG). We use a hierarchical model to separate the contributions of stand variables from climate and soil variables in explaining spatial variation in AGB. AGB differed among both habitats and regions, varying from 78 Mg ha(-1) in white-sand forest in Peru to 605 Mg ha(-1) in terra firme clay forest of French Guiana. Stand variables including tree size and basal area, and to a lesser extent WSG, were strong predictors of spatial variation in AGB. In contrast, soil and climate variables explained little overall variation in AGB, though they did co-vary to a limited extent with stand parameters that explained AGB. Our results suggest that positive feedbacks in forest structure and turnover control AGB in Amazonian forests, with richer soils (Peruvian terra firme and all seasonally flooded habitats) supporting smaller trees with lower wood density and moderate soils (French Guianan terra firme) supporting many larger trees with high wood density. The weak direct relationships we observed between soil and climate variables and AGB suggest that the most appropriate approaches to landscape scale modeling of AGB in the Amazon would be based on remote sensing methods to map stand structure. |
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Address |
[Baraloto, Christopher; Rabaud, Suzanne; Fortunel, Claire; Rios, Marcos; Valderrama, Elvis] INRA, UMR Ecol Forets Guyane, Kourou 97387, French Guiana, Email: chris.baraloto@ecofog.gf |
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Wiley-Blackwell |
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1354-1013 |
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Notes |
ISI:000292308300013 |
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no |
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Call Number |
EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
Serial |
325 |
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Author |
McLean, J.P.; Zhang, T.; Bardet, S.; Beauchene, J.; Thibaut, A.; Clair, B.; Thibaut, B. |
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Title |
The decreasing radial wood stiffness pattern of some tropical trees growing in the primary forest is reversed and increases when they are grown in a plantation |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Annals of Forest Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ann. For. Sci. |
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Volume |
68 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
681-688 |
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Keywords |
Tropical trees; Growth strategy; Wood stiffness; Juvenile wood |
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Abstract |
Background This study examines the radial trend in wood stiffness of tropical rainforest trees. The objective was to determine if the type of growing environment (exposed plantation or dense primary forest) would have an effect on this radial trend. Methods The axial elastic modulus of wood samples, representing a pith to bark cross-section, of six trees from several French Guianese species (two of Eperua falcata, one of Eperua grandiflora, two of Carapa procera and one of Symphonia gloubulifera) was measured using a dynamic “forced vibration” method. Results Primary forest trees were observed to have a decrease in wood stiffness from pith to bark, whereas plantation trees, from the same genus or species, displayed a corresponding increase in wood stiffness. Juvenile wood stiffness appears to vary depending on the environment in which the tree had grown. Conclusion We suggest that the growth strategy of primary forest trees is to produce wood resistant to self-buckling so that the height of the canopy may be obtained with the maximum of efficiency. In contrast, the growth strategy of the trees growing in an exposed plantation is to produce low-stiffness wood, important to provide flexibility in wind. Further experiments to study the behaviour of more species, with more individuals per species, growing across a range of physical environments, are required. |
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[McLean, JP; Bardet, S; Clair, B; Thibaut, B] Univ Montpellier 2, LMGC, CNRS, F-34095 Montpellier, France, Email: p.mclean@auckland.ac.nz |
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Springer France |
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ISSN |
1286-4560 |
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Notes |
WOS:000292553400003 |
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no |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
Serial |
326 |
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Author |
Stahl, C.; Burban, B.; Goret, J.Y.; Bonal, D. |
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Title |
Seasonal variations in stem CO(2) efflux in the Neotropical rainforest of French Guiana |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Annals of Forest Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ann. For. Sci. |
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Volume |
68 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
771-782 |
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Keywords |
Tropical rainforest; Stem CO(2) efflux; Soil water content; Terra Firme forest; Seasonally flooded forest |
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Abstract |
Introduction Stem CO(2) efflux (E (s)) is a significant component of total ecosystem respiration, but there is only scant information on seasonal variations in E (s) in tropical rainforests and on the main factors explaining these variations. Methods We conducted a comprehensive 18-month study in French Guiana to try to better understand which environmental factors contribute to seasonal variations in E (s) in two habitats differing in soil water conditions. Results In both habitats, large seasonal variations in E (s) were observed for most trees. The main variations occurred during climatic transition periods and were consistent with seasonal variations in soil and total ecosystem respiration. Discussion Seasonal variations in atmospheric conditions, including air temperature, did not explain seasonal variations in E (s). In contrast, seasonal variations in surface soil water content clearly induced seasonal variations in E (s) in each habitat. Both soil drought and flooded conditions induced a decrease in E (s). Conclusion Our results emphasize the need to integrate the influence of soil water content on E (s) into global models that simulate the response of forest ecosystem fluxes to climate changes. |
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Address |
[Bonal, D] INRA, UMR INRA UHP Ecol & Ecophysiol Forestiere 1137, F-54280 Champenoux, France, Email: bonal@nancy.inra.fr |
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Springer France |
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1286-4560 |
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WOS:000292553400011 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
Serial |
327 |
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Author |
Zalamea, P.C.; Munoz, F.; Stevenson, P.R.; Paine, C.E.T.; Sarmiento, C.; Sabatier, D.; Heuret, P. |
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Title |
Continental-scale patterns of Cecropia reproductive phenology: evidence from herbarium specimens |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Proceedings Of The Royal Society B-Biological Sciences |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci. |
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Volume |
278 |
Issue |
1717 |
Pages |
2437-2445 |
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Keywords |
climate seasonality; reproductive patterns; Fourier spectral and cospectral analyses; herbarium collections; Neotropics; pioneer plants |
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Abstract |
Plant phenology is concerned with the timing of recurring biological events. Though phenology has traditionally been studied using intensive surveys of a local flora, results from such surveys are difficult to generalize to broader spatial scales. In this study, contrastingly, we assembled a continental-scale dataset of herbarium specimens for the emblematic genus of Neotropical pioneer trees, Cecropia, and applied Fourier spectral and cospectral analyses to investigate the reproductive phenology of 35 species. We detected significant annual, sub-annual and continuous patterns, and discuss the variation in patterns within and among climatic regions. Although previous studies have suggested that pioneer species generally produce flowers continually throughout the year, we found that at least one third of Cecropia species are characterized by clear annual flowering behaviour. We further investigated the relationships between phenology and climate seasonality, showing strong associations between phenology and seasonal variations in precipitation and temperature. We also verified our results against field survey data gathered from the literature. Our findings indicate that herbarium material is a reliable resource for use in the investigation of large-scale patterns in plant phenology, offering a promising complement to local intensive field studies. |
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Address |
[Zalamea, PC; Sabatier, D] IRD, UMR AMAP, F-34000 Montpellier, France, Email: camilozalamea@gmail.com |
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Royal Soc |
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0962-8452 |
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WOS:000292592000005 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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328 |
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Author |
Bremaud, I.; Amusant, N.; Minato, K.; Gril, J.; Thibaut, B. |
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Title |
Effect of extractives on vibrational properties of African Padauk (Pterocarpus soyauxii Taub.) |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Wood Science and Technology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Wood Sci. Technol. |
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Volume |
45 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
461-472 |
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Abstract |
Extractives can affect the vibrational properties tan delta (damping coefficient) and E'/rho (specific Young's modulus), but this is highly dependent on species, compounds, and cellular locations. This paper investigates such effects for African Padauk (Pterocarpus soyauxii Taub.), a tropical hardwood with high extractives content and a preferred material for xylophones. Five groups of 26 heartwood specimens with large, yet comparable, ranges in vibrational properties were extracted in different solvents. Changes in vibrational properties were set against yields of extracts and evaluation of their cellular location. Methanol (ME) reached most of the compounds (13%), located about half in lumen and half in cell-wall. Water solubility was extremely low. tan delta and E'/rho were very strongly related (R (2) a parts per thousand yen 0.93), but native wood had abnormally low values of tan delta, while extraction shifted this relation towards higher tan delta values. ME extracted heartwood became in agreement with the average of many species, and close to sapwood. Extractions increased tan delta as much as 60%, irrespective of minute moisture changes or initial properties. Apparent E'/rho was barely changed (+2% to -4%) but, after correcting the mass contribution of extracts, it was in fact slightly reduced (down to -10% for high E'/rho), and increasingly so for specimens with low initial values of E'/rho. |
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Address |
[Bremaud, I; Minato, K] Kyoto Prefectural Univ, Lab Forest Resource Circulating Circles, Grad Sch Life & Environm Sci, Kyoto 6068522, Japan, Email: iris_bremaud@hotmail.com |
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Springer |
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0043-7719 |
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WOS:000292550700005 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
Serial |
329 |
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Author |
Bonal, D.; Ponton, S.; Le Thiec, D.; Richard, B.; Ningre, N.; Herault, B.; Ogee, J.; Gonzalez, S.; Pignal, M.; Sabatier, D.; Guehl, J.M. |
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Title |
Leaf functional response to increasing atmospheric CO(2) concentrations over the last century in two northern Amazonian tree species: a historical delta(13)C and delta(18)O approach using herbarium samples |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Plant Cell and Environment |
Abbreviated Journal |
Plant Cell Environ. |
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Volume |
34 |
Issue |
8 |
Pages |
1332-1344 |
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Keywords |
carbon isotope composition; environmental change; herbarium; oxygen isotope composition; photosynthesis; stomata; tropical rainforests |
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Abstract |
We assessed the extent of recent environmental changes on leaf morphological (stomatal density, stomatal surface, leaf mass per unit area) and physiological traits (carbon isotope composition, delta(13)C(leaf), and discrimination, Delta(13)C(leaf), oxygen isotope composition, delta(18)O(leaf)) of two tropical rainforest species (Dicorynia guianensis; Humiria balsamifera) that are abundant in the Guiana shield (Northern Amazonia). Leaf samples were collected in different international herbariums to cover a 200 year time-period (1790-2004) and the whole Guiana shield. Using models describing carbon and oxygen isotope fractionations during photosynthesis, different scenarios of change in intercellular CO(2) concentrations inside the leaf (C(i)), stomatal conductance (g), and photosynthesis (A) were tested in order to understand leaf physiological response to increasing air CO(2) concentrations (C(a)). Our results confirmed that both species displayed physiological response to changing C(a). For both species, we observed a decrease of about 1.7% in delta(13)C(leaf) since 1950, without significant change in Delta(13)C(leaf) and leaf morphological traits. Furthermore, there was no clear change in delta(18)O(leaf) for Humiria over this period. Our simulation approach revealed that an increase in A, rather than a decrease in g, explained the observed trends for these tropical rainforest species, allowing them to maintain a constant ratio of C(i)/C(a). |
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Address |
[Bonal, D] INRA, UMR Ecofog, F-97387 Kourou, France, Email: bonal@nancy.inra.fr |
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Publisher |
Wiley-Blackwell |
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Series Volume |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0140-7791 |
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Notes |
WOS:000292698900010 |
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no |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
Serial |
330 |
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