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Sist, P.; Sheil, D.; Kartawinata, K.; Priyadi, H. |
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Title |
Reduced-impact logging in Indonesian Borneo: some results confirming the need for new silvicultural prescriptions |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2003 |
Publication |
Forest Ecology and Management |
Abbreviated Journal |
For. Ecol. Manage. |
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Volume |
179 |
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1-3 |
Pages |
415-427 |
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Reduced-impact logging (RIL) and conventional techniques (CNV) were compared in a mixed dipterocarp hill forest in East Kalimantan in three blocks of about 100 ha each. Damage was evaluated using pre- and post-harvesting assessments in 24 one-hectare sample plots. RIL techniques nearly halved the number of trees destroyed (36 vs 60 trees/ha). RIL's main benefit was in the reduction of skidding damage (9.5% of the original tree population in RIL vs 25% in CNV). Before logging, mean canopy openness in CNV (three plots only) and RIL (9 plots) was similar (3.6 and 3.1%) and not significantly different (x(2) = 2.73, P = 0.254). After logging, the mean canopy openness was 19.2% in CNV (n = 9 plots) and 13.3% in RIL (n = 8 plots), and the distributions of the canopy class in RIL and CNV significantly different x(2) = 43.56, P < 0.001). CNV plots showed a higher proportion of measurements in the most open class greater than or equal to30% than in RIL. At a larger scale, the area of skidtrail per unit timber volume extracted was halved in the RIL compartment (15 m(2) vs 27 m(2) m(-3) for CNV). However, under high felling intensity (>8 trees/ha), both stand damage and canopy disturbance in RIL approached those recorded in CNV under low or moderate felling regime. Over this felling intensity threshold the effectiveness of RIL in reducing tree damage is limited. In mixed dipterocarp forest where harvestable timber density generally exceeds 10 trees/ha, a minimum diameter felling limit is clearly insufficient to keep extraction rates below 8 trees/ha. Based on these new results and previous studies in Borneo, we suggest three silvicultural rules: (1) to keep a minimum distance between stumps of ca. 40 m, (2) to ensure only single tree gaps using directional felling, (3) to harvest only stems with 60-100 cm dbh. Foresters, policy makers and certifiers should consider these as criteria for sustainable forest management. We emphasise the need to expand harvesting studies to look at impacts and trade-offs across larger forest landscapes, to expand RIL beyond silvicultural concepts and to include the maintenance of other forest goods and services. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. |
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0378-1127 |
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WOS:000183836300033 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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311 |
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Sist, P.; Nguyen-The, N. |
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Title |
Logging damage and the subsequent dynamics of a dipterocarp forest in East Kalimantan (1990-1996) |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2002 |
Publication |
Forest Ecology and Management |
Abbreviated Journal |
For. Ecol. Manage. |
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Volume |
165 |
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1-3 |
Pages |
85-103 |
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The effects of logging damage on forest dynamics processes were assessed in a lowland dipterocarp forest of East Kalimantan, Indonesia. From 1990 to 1991, twelve 4 ha plots (200 m x 200 m) each divided into four I ha subplots were set up and all trees with dbh greater than or equal to 10 cm measured and identified at least at the generic level. Logging was carried out from November 1991 to March 1992 in nine plots while three plots served as control. The 48 subplots were grouped according to the proportion Of remaining basal area after harvesting, as follows: group I with more than 80% of the original basal area remaining, group 2 with 70-79%, group 3 with less than 70%, and group 4 as control plots. Remeasurements were carried out just after logging in 1992 and then every 2 years until 1996. Felling intensity varied from I to 17 stems ha(-1) (50-250 m(3) ha(-1)). In primary forest, mean annual mortality remained constant to 1.5% per year throughout the study period while mean annual mortality rate was significantly higher in logged-over forest (2.6% per year). This higher rate resulted from a higher mortality of injured trees (4.9% per year). Four years after logging, mortality rates in logged-over and primary forest were similar. Recruitment remained constant at 8 trees ha(-1) per year in primary forest and varied from 14 to 32 trees ha(-1) per year in logged-over stand in proportion with the amount of damage. In stands with the lowest remaining basal area, the establishment and growth of dipterocarps was strongly limited by the strong regeneration of pioneer species. This study suggests that total basal area removed by logging in primary forest (harvested trees and trees killed during felling and skidding) should not exceed 15% of the original one; reduced-impact logging (RIL) techniques applied with a maximum harvesting intensity of 8 trees ha(-1), can keep logging damage under this threshold. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. |
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0378-1127 |
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WOS:000176620100008 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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312 |
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Paine, C.E.T.; Baraloto, C.; Chave, J.; Herault, B. |
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Title |
Functional traits of individual trees reveal ecological constraints on community assembly in tropical rain forests |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Oikos |
Abbreviated Journal |
Oikos |
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Volume |
120 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
720-727 |
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Niche differentiation and ecological filtering are primary ecological processes that shape community assembly, but their relative importance remains poorly understood. Analyses of the distributions of functional traits can provide insight into the community structure generated by these processes. We predicted the trait distributions expected under the ecological processes of niche differentiation and environmental filtering, then tested these predictions with a dataset of 4672 trees located in nine 1-ha plots of tropical rain forest in French Guiana. Five traits related to leaf function (foliar N concentration, chlorophyll content, toughness, tissue density and specific leaf area), and three traits related to stem function (trunk sapwood density, branch sapwood density, and trunk bark thickness), as well as laminar surface area, were measured on every individual tree. There was far more evidence for environmental filtering than for niche differentiation in these forests. Furthermore, we contrasted results from species-mean and individual-level trait values. Analyses that took within-species trait variation into account were far more sensitive indicators of niche differentiation and ecological filtering. Species-mean analyses, by contrast, may underestimate the effects of ecological processes on community assembly. Environmental filtering appeared somewhat more intense on leaf traits than on stem traits, whereas niche differentiation affected neither strongly. By accounting for within-species trait variation, we were able to more properly consider the ecological interactions among individual trees and between individual trees and their environment. In so doing, our results suggest that the ecological processes of niche differentiation and environmental filtering may be more pervasive than previously believed. |
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[Paine, C. E. Timothy] ENGREF, UMR Ecol Forets Guyane, Kourou 97387, French Guiana, Email: timothy.paine@ieu.uzh.ch |
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Wiley-Blackwell |
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0030-1299 |
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ISI:000289740200008 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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313 |
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Martin, J.M.; Roux, O.; Groc, S.; Dejean, A. |
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A type of unicoloniality within the native range of the fire ant Solenopsis saevissima |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Comptes Rendus Biologies |
Abbreviated Journal |
C. R. Biol. |
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Volume |
334 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
307-310 |
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Keywords |
Ants; Solenopsis saevissima; Native range; Unicoloniality |
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To determine if a type of unicoloniality exists in the fire ant Solenopsis saevissima in its native range, we conducted intraspecific aggressiveness tests in French Guiana between workers originating from 15 human-disturbed sites. We identified two “colonial groups” spread over 54 km and 12.5 km, respectively. Workers from the same group never attacked each other, but inter-group confrontations resulted in a high level of aggressiveness. These large “colonial groups” enhances the threat occasioned by S. saevissima for both agriculture and the environment. (C) 2011 Academie des sciences. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved. |
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[Martin, Jean-Michel; Roux, Olivier; Groc, Sarah; Dejean, Alain] Ecol Forets de Guyane UMR CNRS 8172, F-97379 Kourou, France, Email: alain.dejean@wanadoo.fr |
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Elsevier France-Editions Scientifiques Medicales Elsevier |
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1631-0691 |
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ISI:000290364200007 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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314 |
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Author |
Chevolot, M.; Louisanna, E.; Azri, W.; Leblanc-Fournier, N.; Roeckel-Drevet, P.; Scotti-Saintagne, C.; Scotti, I. |
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Title |
Isolation of primers for candidate genes for mechano-sensing in five Neotropical tree species |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Tree Genetics & Genomes |
Abbreviated Journal |
Tree Genet. Genomes |
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7 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
655-661 |
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Population genomics; Functional gene; Mechanical signals; Fabaceae |
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Mechanical signals have an impact on plant development. Tropical rainforest trees display large variability for life-history traits related to biomechanics and therefore are a unique study system to better understand biomechanical trait variability from an evolutionary perspective. From sequences and gene expression data available in model species, we developed specific primers for six candidate genes for mechano-sensing in five tropical species. Most of the gene sequences were polymorphic in most species. |
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[Chevolot, Malia; Louisanna, Eliane; Scotti-Saintagne, Caroline; Scotti, Ivan] INRA, Unite Mixte Rech Ecol Forets Guyane, Kourou 97310, French Guiana, Email: ivan.scotti@ecofog.gf |
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Springer Heidelberg |
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1614-2942 |
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ISI:000290571900018 |
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no |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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315 |
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Author |
Dejean, A. |
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Title |
Prey Capture Behavior in an Arboreal African Ponerine Ant |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2011 |
Publication |
PLoS One |
Abbreviated Journal |
PLoS One |
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Volume |
6 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
e19837 |
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I studied the predatory behavior of Platythyrea conradti, an arboreal ponerine ant, whereas most species in this subfamily are ground-dwelling. The workers, which hunt solitarily only around dusk, are able to capture a wide range of prey, including termites and agile, nocturnal insects as well as diurnal insects that are inactive at that moment of the Nyctemeron, resting on tree branches or under leaves. Prey are captured very rapidly, and the antennal palpation used by ground-dwelling ponerine species is reduced to a simple contact; stinging occurs immediately thereafter. The venom has an instant, violent effect as even large prey (up to 30 times the weight of a worker) never struggled after being stung. Only small prey are not stung. Workers retrieve their prey, even large items, singly. To capture termite workers and soldiers defending their nest entrances, ant workers crouch and fold their antennae backward. In their role as guards, the termites face the crouching ants and end up by rolling onto their backs, their legs batting the air. This is likely due to volatile secretions produced by the ants' mandibular gland. The same behavior is used against competing ants, including territorially-dominant arboreal species that retreat further and further away, so that the P. conradti finally drive them from large, sugary food sources. |
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[Dejean, Alain] CNRS, Ecol Forets Guyane UMR 8172, Kourou, France, Email: alain.dejean@wanadoo.fr |
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Public Library Science |
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1932-6203 |
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ISI:000290483600033 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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316 |
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Ruiz-Gonzalez, M.X.; Male, P.J.G.; Leroy, C.; Dejean, A.; Gryta, H.; Jargeat, P.; Quilichini, A.; Orivel, J. |
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Specific, non-nutritional association between an ascomycete fungus and Allomerus plant-ants |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Biology Letters |
Abbreviated Journal |
Biol. Lett. |
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Volume |
7 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
475-479 |
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ant-fungus association; Cordia nodosa; Chaetothyriales; Hirtella physophora; myrmecophyte; population structure |
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Ant-fungus associations are well known from attine ants, whose nutrition is based on a symbiosis with basidiomycete fungi. Otherwise, only a few non-nutritional ant-fungus associations have been recorded to date. Here we focus on one of these associations involving Allomerus plant-ants that build galleried structures on their myrmecophytic hosts in order to ambush prey. We show that this association is not opportunistic because the ants select from a monophyletic group of closely related fungal haplotypes of an ascomycete species from the order Chaetothyriales that consistently grows on and has been isolated from the galleries. Both the ants' behaviour and an analysis of the genetic population structure of the ants and the fungus argue for host specificity in this interaction. The ants' behaviour reveals a major investment in manipulating, growing and cleaning the fungus. A molecular analysis of the fungus demonstrates the widespread occurrence of one haplotype and many other haplotypes with a lower occurrence, as well as significant variation in the presence of these fungal haplotypes between areas and ant species. Altogether, these results suggest that such an interaction might represent an as-yet undescribed type of specific association between ants and fungus in which the ants cultivate fungal mycelia to strengthen their hunting galleries. |
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[Leroy, Celine; Dejean, Alain; Quilichini, Angelique; Orivel, Jerome] CNRS, UMR Ecol Forets Guyane 8172, F-97379 Kourou, France, Email: jerome.orivel@ecofog.gf |
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Royal Soc |
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1744-9561 |
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ISI:000290515100044 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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317 |
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Vincent, G.; Molino, J.F.; Marescot, L.; Barkaoui, K.; Sabatier, D.; Freycon, V.; Roelens, J.B. |
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Title |
The relative importance of dispersal limitation and habitat preference in shaping spatial distribution of saplings in a tropical moist forest: a case study along a combination of hydromorphic and canopy disturbance gradients |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Annals of Forest Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ann. For. Sci. |
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Volume |
68 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
357-370 |
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Keywords |
Species assemblage; Dispersal limitation; Tropical moist forest; Niche |
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Various processes contribute to shaping the local assemblage of species in hyperdiverse tropical forest. The relative contribution of environmental factors and dispersal limitation in determining the spatial distribution of saplings at local scale is unclear. We examined two types of environmental factors: (a) soil type reflecting drainage regime and (b) past logging damages reflecting light regime in a neotropical moist forest site. We used a logistic model to predict presence or absence of a given species in a network of elementary small plots. The effect of mapped environmental factors and a spatial correlation term were jointly estimated providing a direct measure of the relative role of habitat specialisation and dispersal limitation. At community level, dispersal limitation was the most important determinant of species absence at local scale. The two environmental factors examined played a balanced role. Different species however showed different degrees of dispersal limitation and habitat specialisation. The distribution of a large proportion of species-the majority of the most abundant species-was significantly affected by at least one environmental factor. We provide a ranking of 49 species sensitive to canopy disturbance (from shade specialist to pioneer) and 41 species affected by seasonal flooding (either positively or negatively). |
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[Vincent, Gregoire; Marescot, Lucile; Barkaoui, Karim] IRD, Unite Mixte Rech AMAP, Kourou 97387, French Guiana, Email: gregoire.vincent@ird.fr |
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Springer France |
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1286-4560 |
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ISI:000290448000014 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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318 |
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Brouard, O.; Le Jeune, A.H.; Leroy, C.; Cereghino, R.; Roux, O.; Pelozuelo, L.; Dejean, A.; Corbara, B.; Carrias, J.F. |
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Title |
Are Algae Relevant to the Detritus-Based Food Web in Tank-Bromeliads? |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2011 |
Publication |
PLoS One |
Abbreviated Journal |
PLoS One |
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Volume |
6 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
e20129 |
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We assessed the occurrence of algae in five species of tank-bromeliads found in contrasting environmental sites in a Neotropical, primary rainforest around the Nouragues Research Station, French Guiana. The distributions of both algal abundance and biomass were examined based on physical parameters, the morphological characteristics of bromeliad species and with regard to the structure of other aquatic microbial communities held in the tanks. Algae were retrieved in all of the bromeliad species with mean densities ranging from similar to 10(2) to 10(4) cells/mL. Their biomass was positively correlated to light exposure and bacterial biomass. Algae represented a tiny component of the detrital food web in shaded bromeliads but accounted for up to 30 percent of the living microbial carbon in the tanks of Catopsis berteroniana, located in a highly exposed area. Thus, while nutrient supplies are believed to originate from wind-borne particles and trapped insects (i.e., allochtonous organic matter), our results indicate that primary producers (i.e., autochtonous organic matter) are present in this insectivorous bromeliad. Using a 24-h incubation of size-fractionated and manipulated samples from this plant, we evaluated the impact of mosquito foraging on algae, other microorganisms and rotifers. The prey assemblages were greatly altered by the predation of mosquito larvae. Grazing losses indicated that the dominant algal taxon, Bumilleriopsis sp., like protozoa and rotifers, is a significant part of the diet of mosquito larvae. We conclude that algae are a relevant functional community of the aquatic food web in C. berteroniana and might form the basis of a complementary non-detrital food web. |
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[Brouard, Olivier; Le Jeune, Anne-Helene; Corbara, Bruno; Carrias, Jean-Francois] Univ Clermont Ferrand, CNRS, Lab Microorganismes Genome & Environm, LMGE,UMR 6023, Aubiere, France, Email: j-francois.carrias@univ-bpclermont.fr |
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Public Library Science |
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1932-6203 |
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ISI:000290720200066 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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319 |
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Author |
Coq, S.; Weigel, J.; Butenschoen, O.; Bonal, D.; Hattenschwiler, S. |
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Title |
Litter composition rather than plant presence affects decomposition of tropical litter mixtures |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Plant and Soil |
Abbreviated Journal |
Plant Soil |
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Volume |
343 |
Issue |
1-2 |
Pages |
273-286 |
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Keywords |
Amazonian lowland rainforest; Belowground/aboveground interactions; Litter decomposition; Non-additive effect; Nitrogen dynamic; Plant-soil feedback |
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Abstract |
Litter decomposition is strongly controlled by litter quality, but the composition of litter mixtures and potential interactions with live plants through root activity may also influence decomposers. In a greenhouse experiment in French Guiana we studied the combined effects of the presence of tropical tree seedlings and of distinct litter composition on mass and nitrogen (N) loss from decomposing litter and on microbial biomass. Different litter mixtures decomposed for 435 days in pots filled with sand and containing an individual seedling from one of four different tree species. We found both additive and negative non-additive effects (NAE) of litter mixing on mass loss, whereas N loss showed negative and positive NAE of litter mixing. If litter from the two tree species, Platonia insignis and Goupia glabra were present, litter mixtures showed more positive and more negative NAE on N loss, respectively. Overall, decomposition, and in particular non-additive effects, were only weakly affected by the presence of tree seedlings. Litter mass loss weakly yet significantly decreased with increasing fine root biomass in presence of Goupia seedlings, but not in the presence of seedlings of any other tree species. Our results showed strong litter composition effects and also clear, mostly negative, non-additive effects on mass loss and N loss. Species identity of tree seedlings can modify litter decomposition, but these live plant effects remain quantitatively inferior to litter composition effects. |
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[Coq, Sylvain; Haettenschwiler, Stephan] CNRS, CEFE, F-34293 Montpellier 5, France, Email: sylvain.coq@gmail.com |
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0032-079x |
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ISI:000290688000020 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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320 |
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