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Author |
Yazdani, R.; Scotti, I.; Jansson, G.; Plomion, C.; Mathur, G. |
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Title |
Inheritance and diversity of simple sequence repeat (SSR) microsatellite markers in various families of Picea abies |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2003 |
Publication |
Hereditas |
Abbreviated Journal |
Hereditas |
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Volume |
138 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
219-227 |
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Abstract |
A large number of sequence-specific SSRs were screened by using electrophoresis on metaphore agarose gels with the bands visualized by ethidium bromide staining. Many SSRs appeared as codominant and many as dominant markers, with presence or absence of bands. A simple Mendelian inheritance pattern for most codominant and dominant SSR loci was found. For many codominant SSR markers, null alleles were detected. The proportion of dominant microsatellites detected in this study (close to 50 %) was much higher than that commonly reported in many other studies. A high proportion of dominant markers together with a high frequency of codominant markers with null alleles may represent two important limitations for the use of microsatellites in different studies. On the other hand, many polymorphic codominant SSR microsatellite markers were found to be highly repeatable, and can be used for population studies, seed certification, quality control of controlled crosses, paternity analysis, pollen contamination, and mapping of QTL in related families. In this paper, we report on the inheritance pattern and diversity of codominant and dominant SSR microsatellites in seven families of Picea abies sharing a common mother. |
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Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Plant Biol & Forest Genet, Uppsala, Sweden |
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BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD |
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0018-0661 |
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ISI:000187074000010 |
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no |
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Call Number |
EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
268 |
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Author |
Marcon, E.; Puech, F. |
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Title |
Evaluating the geographic concentration of industries using distance-based methods |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2003 |
Publication |
Journal of Economic Geography |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Econ. Geogr. |
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Volume |
3 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
409-428 |
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Keywords |
agglomeration; clustering; geographic concentration; location of firms |
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Abstract |
We propose new methods for evaluating the spatial distribution of firms. To assess whether firms are concentrated or dispersed, economists have traditionally used indices that analyse the heterogeneity of a spatial structure at a single geographic level. We introduce distance-based methods, Besag's L function (derived from Ripley's K function) and Diggle and Chetwynd's D function to describe simultaneously spatial distribution at different geographical scales. Our empirical applications consider the distribution of French manufacturing firms in the Paris area and in France generally. For some geographic levels, results show significant concentration or dispersion of firms according to their sector of activity. |
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Address |
ENGREF, Kourou 97310, French Guiana |
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OXFORD UNIV PRESS |
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ISSN |
1468-2702 |
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ISI:000185742500004 |
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no |
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Call Number |
EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
269 |
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Author |
Clair, B.; Arinero, R.; Leveque, G.; Ramonda, M.; Thibaut, B. |
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Title |
Imaging the mechanical properties of wood cell wall layers by atomic force modulation microscopy |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2003 |
Publication |
IAWA Journal |
Abbreviated Journal |
IAWA J. |
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Volume |
24 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
223-230 |
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Keywords |
wood; cell wall; mechanical properties; elastic modulus; tension wood |
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Abstract |
Atomic Force Microscopy in force modulation mode was used to study the elastic properties of the different fibre wall layers of the tension wood of holm oak and normal wood of boco. The method is based on the measurement of the resonance frequency of the microscope lever in contact with the sample. This frequency is related to the reduced Young modulus E* = E/(1-nu(2)) of the material, supposed to be isotropic. 'Elastic' images of the cell are obtained simultaneously with the topographic images, which allows the observation of the mechanical properties of the cells at a nanometric scale. Layers G, S-1, S-2 and ML can clearly be distinguished. By comparison with known materials an estimation of the absolute modulus is given in the range 5-20 GPa, but should be considered with caution, because the inherent anisotropy of the materials has not been taken into account. |
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Univ Montpellier 2, CNRS, UMR 5508, Lab Mecan & Genie Civil, F-34095 Montpellier, France |
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INT ASSOC WOOD ANATOMISTS |
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ISSN |
0928-1541 |
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Notes |
ISI:000185049700003 |
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no |
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Call Number |
EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
270 |
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Author |
Melieres, M.A.; Pourchet, M.; Charles-Dominique, P.; Gaucher, P. |
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Title |
Mercury in canopy leaves of French Guiana in remote areas |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2003 |
Publication |
Science of the Total Environment |
Abbreviated Journal |
Sci. Total Environ. |
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Volume |
311 |
Issue |
1-3 |
Pages |
261-267 |
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Keywords |
mercury; canopy; rainforest; Hg atmosphere soil transfer |
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Abstract |
A study of total Hg concentration in the foliage of the canopy was carried out in two remote areas in French Guiana. The sampled canopy is representative of the French Guiana canopy. The concentration in the foliage, 64+/-14 ng g(-1) (dry wt.), is used to estimate the annual input of total Hg to the soil through the litterfall, found to be 45+/-10 mug m(-2) y(-1). As translocation is negligible, mercury in the canopy originates mainly from atmospheric uptake by the leaves and this litterfall deposit represents a direct atmospheric input from the background atmospheric load into the soil. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. |
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Address |
Univ Grenoble 1, CNRS, Lab Glaciol & Geophys Environm, F-38402 St Martin Dheres, France, Email: melieres@glaciog.ujf-grenobic.fr |
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ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV |
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ISSN |
0048-9697 |
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Notes |
ISI:000184091300019 |
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no |
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Call Number |
EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
271 |
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Author |
Lobova, T.A.; Mori, S.A.; Blanchard, F.; Peckham, H.; Charles-Dominique, P. |
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Title |
Cecropia as a food resource for bats in French Guiana and the significance of fruit structure in seed dispersal and longevity |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2003 |
Publication |
American Journal of Botany |
Abbreviated Journal |
Am. J. Bot. |
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Volume |
90 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
388-403 |
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Keywords |
bat dispersal; Cecropia; French Guiana; fruit anatomy; fruit morphology; mucilage; Neotropical bats; soil seed bank |
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Abstract |
Cecropia (Cecropiaceae) is a Neotropical genus of pioneer plants. A review of bat/plant dispersal interactions revealed that 15 species of Cecropia are consumed by 32 species of bats. In French Guiana, bats were captured in primary and secondary forests, yielding 936 fecal samples with diaspores, among which 162 contained fruits of C. obtusa, C. palmata, and C. sciadophylla. A comparative morphological and anatomical study of fruits and seeds taken directly from herbarium specimens, bat feces, and an experimental soil seed bank was made. Contrary to previous reports, the dispersal unit of Cecropia is the fruit not the seed. Bats consume the infructescence, digest pulp derived from the enlarged, fleshy perianth, and defecate the fruits. The mucilaginous pericarp of Cecropia is described. The external mucilage production of Cecropia may facilitate endozoochory. The exocarp and part of the mesocarp may be lost after passage through the digestive tract of bats, but fruits buried for a year in the soil seed bank remain structurally unchanged. Fruit characters were found to be useful for identifying species of bat-dispersed Cecropia. Bat dispersal is not necessary for seed germination but it increases seed survival and subsequent germination. Fruit structure plays a significant role in seed longevity. |
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New York Bot Garden, Inst Systemat Bot, Bronx, NY 10458 USA |
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BOTANICAL SOC AMER INC |
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ISSN |
0002-9122 |
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Notes |
ISI:000183133100008 |
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no |
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Call Number |
EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
272 |
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Author |
Charles-Dominique, P.; Chave, J.; Dubois, M.A.; De Granville, J.J.; Riera, B.; Vezzoli, C. |
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Title |
Colonization front of the understorey palm Astrocaryum sciophilum in a pristine rain forest of French Guiana |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2003 |
Publication |
Global Ecology and Biogeography |
Abbreviated Journal |
Glob. Ecol. Biogeogr. |
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Volume |
12 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
237-248 |
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Keywords |
Astrocaryum sciophilum; French Guiana; neotropical palaeoecology; palm ecology; population edge; refuges; scatter-hoarding; seed dispersal; spatial pattern |
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Abstract |
Aims Astrocaryum sciophilum (Miq.) Pulle (Arecaceae) is an understorey palm, endemic to north-eastern South America with a patchy distribution. We tested the hypothesis that the spatial distribution of this palm species is not in equilibrium but is slowly colonizing the forest understorey. Location Inventories and seed dispersal studies were conducted in the undisturbed tropical forest close to the Nouragues research station, French Guiana. Additional data were collected in the entire territory of French Guiana. Methods We studied the demography of A. sciophilum on a 20-ha plot located at the edge of its distribution. The age of the palms was estimated by postulating an exponentially decreasing abundance by age class. Direct seed dispersal experiments were also conducted, to estimate dispersal parameters. The seeds of A. sciophilum were dispersed only by rodents. This information was used to parameterize a forest growth simulator, to study the spatial spread of this species. Results Within the sampling plot, the density of A. sciophilum dropped sharply from about 500 individuals per hectare to zero. The maturation age was estimated to be 170+/-70 years, and over 55 years with 95% confidence. Seed-dispersal experiments yielded an average seed dispersal distance of 11 m and a maximum estimated dispersal distance of 125 m across a generational span of 55 years to maturity. Therefore, the maximal estimated colonization speed is 2.3 m/y. Conclusions Empirical results and numerical simulations suggest that the boundary of the A. sciophilum population is a colonization front, and that the range of this species is slowly expanding. The implications of this result in respect of palaeoenvironmental changes in this region are discussed. |
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Address |
Natl Museum Nat Hist, Lab Ecol Gen, F-91800 Brunoy, France |
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BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD |
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ISSN |
0960-7447 |
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Notes |
ISI:000182184100006 |
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no |
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Call Number |
EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
273 |
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Author |
Clair, B.; Ruelle, J.; Thibaut, B. |
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Title |
Relationship between growth stress, mechanical-physical properties and proportion of fibre with gelatinous layer in chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2003 |
Publication |
Holzforschung |
Abbreviated Journal |
Holzforschung |
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Volume |
57 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
189-195 |
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Keywords |
growth stress; longitudinal Young's modulus; shrinkage; normal wood; tension wood; gelatinous layer; Castanea Sativa |
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Abstract |
A range of mechanical and physical properties were determined for 96 specimens of chestnut wood and for wood types ranging from compression to tension wood; tests included (1) growth stress, (2) longitudinal Young's modulus in green and air-dried states (3) shrinkage in longitudinal and tangential directions. Anatomical observations permitted determination of the proportion of fibres with a gelatinous layer. The influence of these atypical fibres on macroscopic wood properties is examined and discussed. A basic model is proposed to determine their properties in theoretically isolated conditions. |
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Address |
Univ Montpellier 2, Lab Mecan & Genie Civil, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France, Email: clair@lmgc.univ-montp2.fr |
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WALTER DE GRUYTER & CO |
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ISSN |
0018-3830 |
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Notes |
ISI:000181797800011 |
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no |
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Call Number |
EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
274 |
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Author |
Bardet, S.; Beauchene, J.; Thibaut, B. |
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Title |
Influence of basic density and temperature on mechanical properties perpendicular to grain of ten wood tropical species |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2003 |
Publication |
Annals of Forest Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ann. For. Sci. |
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Volume |
60 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
49-59 |
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Keywords |
green wood; tropical wood; transverse mechanical properties; basic density; softening temperature |
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Abstract |
The influence of temperature on transverse mechanical properties of 10 tropical species in green condition was studied in radial compression (0 to 99 degreesC), transverse shear with longitudinal-radial shearing plane and rupture of the longitudinal-tangential plane (20 to 80 degreesC). Basic density ranged from 0.21 to 0.91 g cm(-3). Load-displacement curves were characterised by initial rigidity, yield stress, yield strain and strain energy at 20% strain level. The relation between each criterion and basic density was expressed by a power law. The dependency on temperature evidenced a sharp glassy transition, except for the fracture energy only slightly influenced by temperature. An empirical model allowed evaluating a transition temperature between 51 and 69 degreesC, depending on the species and the criterion, which was attributed to lignin. Detailed analysis of the apparent modulus in radial compression suggested that complex relaxation phenomena occur around 10 degreesC and that the rubbery state is not fully reached at 80 degreesC. |
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Univ Montpellier 2, Lab Mecan & Genie Civil, Equipe Bois, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France |
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Publisher |
E D P SCIENCES |
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ISSN |
1286-4560 |
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Notes |
ISI:000181322100006 |
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no |
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Call Number |
EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
275 |
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Author |
Konig, A.O.; Ziegenhagen, B.; van Dam, B.C.; Csaikl, U.M.; Coart, E.; Degen, B.; Burg, K.; de Vries, S.M.G.; Petit, R.J. |
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Title |
Chloroplast DNA variation of oaks in western Central Europe and genetic consequences of human influences |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2002 |
Publication |
Forest Ecology and Management |
Abbreviated Journal |
For. Ecol. Manage. |
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Volume |
156 |
Issue |
1-3 |
Pages |
147-166 |
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Keywords |
Q. robur; Q. petraea; PCR-RFLPs; haplotypes; spatial genetic patterns; genetic differentiation; deforestation; seed transfer |
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Abstract |
Oak chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) variation was studied in a grid-based inventory in western Central Europe, including Belgium, The Netherlands, Luxembourg, Germany, the Czech Republic, and the northern parts of Upper and Lower Austria. A total of 2155 trees representing 426 populations of Quercus robur L. and Q. petraea (Matt.) Liebl. were screened for polymorphism in up to four PCR-amplified cpDNA fragments. Eleven haplotypes belonging to four lineages were detected; these lineages were formerly restricted to glacial refugia in the Iberian Peninsula, the Apennine Peninsula and the Balkan Peninsula. The haplotypes originating from the Apennines are particularly well represented in the study region, but there is also a significant contribution from the other refugia, which explain the high overall level of cpDNA diversity. The strong human impact in western Central Europe during the past centuries, which has resulted in the clearance of most forests, was followed by reforestation, sometimes involving seed transfers. Despite this strong human impact, broad geographic patterns of lineages and haplotypes could still be detected. To evaluate further the consequences of the former human activities on the present day oak cpDNA genetic structure, four regions where increasingly strong human impact was anticipated (ranging from hilly regions in southern Germany to roadsides plantations in The Netherlands) were selected. There, a comparison of the levels of intrapopulation cpDNA diversity and spatial structuring was made. Over the whole area, within stand diversity was significantly higher in Q. robur than in Q. petraea (h(S) = 0.24 vs. 0.16). Since total diversity is identical for both species, this results in a significantly lower level of fixation for Q. robur than for Q. petraea (G(ST) = 0.68 vs. 0.79). The analyses also reveal a decrease of fixation with increasing human impact on oak populations. The Dutch roadside plantations (Q. robur) exhibit a very low level of fixation (G(ST) = 0.28) as compared to Q. petraea in southern Germany (G(ST) = 0.91). The significance of the spatial genetic structure was tested using geostatistical methods. For the complete data set, a strong spatial genetic structure is confirmed, with higher than average genetic similarities between populations distant from up to 270 km, whereas there is no spatial structure in the roadside plantations in The Netherlands or in the northern German lowlands. These results should help to differentiate introduced from autochthonous populations, and provide a framework for the identification of the geographic origin of seed lots. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. |
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Address |
Inst FOrstgenet & Forstpflanzenzuchtung, BFH, D-22927 Grosshansdorf, Germany |
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Publisher |
ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV |
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ISSN |
0378-1127 |
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Notes |
ISI:000174149400010 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
276 |
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Author |
Vedel, V.; Apostolou, Z.; Arthur, W.; Akam, M.; Brena, C. |
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Title |
An early temperature-sensitive period for the plasticity of segment number in the centipede Strigamia maritima |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2010 |
Publication |
Evolution & Development |
Abbreviated Journal |
Evol Dev |
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Volume |
12 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
347-352 |
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1520-541X |
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Notes |
WOS:000279440800002 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
278 |
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