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Author |
Nicolini, E.; Caraglio, Y.; Pelissier, R.; Leroy, C.; Roggy, J.C. |
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Title |
Epicormic branches: a growth indicator for the tropical forest tree, Dicorynia guianensis Amshoff (Caesalpiniaceae) |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2003 |
Publication |
Annals of Botany |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ann. Bot. |
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Volume |
92 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
97-105 |
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Keywords |
Dicorynia guianensis; architecture; epicormic branch; primary growth; secondary growth; tropical forest; French Guiana; height : diameter ratio |
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Abstract |
Architectural analyses of temperate tree species using a chronological approach suggest that the expression of epicormic branches is closely related to low growth rates in the axes that make up the branching system. Therefore, sole consideration of epicormic criteria may be sufficient to identify trees with low secondary growth levels or with both low primary and secondary growth levels. In a tropical tree such as Dicorynia guianensis (basralocus), where chronological studies are difficult, this relationship could be very useful as an easily accessible indicator of growth potentials. A simple method of architectural tree description was used to characterize the global structure of more than 1650 basralocus trees and to evaluate their growth level. Measurements of simple growth characters [height, basal diameter, internode length of submittal part (top of the main axis of the tree)] and the observation of four structural binary descriptors on the main stem (presence of sequential branches and young epicormic branches, state of the submittal part, global orientation), indicated that epicormic branch formation is clearly related to a decrease in length of the successive growth units of the main stem. Analysis of height vs. diameter ratios among different tree subgroups, with and without epicormic branching, suggested that trees with epicormic branches generally have a low level of secondary growth compared with primary growth. (C) 2003 Annals of Botany Company. |
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Cirad, UMR AMAP, F-34398 Montpellier 05, France |
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OXFORD UNIV PRESS |
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ISSN |
0305-7364 |
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ISI:000183980200010 |
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no |
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Call Number |
EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial  |
245 |
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Author |
Bosc, A.; De Grandcourt, A.; Loustau, D. |
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Title |
Variability of stem and branch maintenance respiration in a Pinus pinaster tree |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2003 |
Publication |
Tree Physiology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Tree Physiol. |
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Volume |
23 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
227-236 |
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Keywords |
model; nitrogen; phloem; sapwood; temperature |
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Abstract |
The relationship between maintenance respiration (R.) of woody organs and their structural characteristics was explored in adult Pinus pinaster Ait. trees. We measured R-m on 75 stem and branch segments of different ages (from 3 to 24 years) and diameters (from 1 to 35 cm). The temperature response of R-m was derived from field measurements based on a classical exponential function with Q(10) = 2.13. Relationships between R-m and the dimensions of the woody organs were analyzed under controlled conditions in the laboratory. The surface area of a woody organ was a better predictor of R-m than volume, but surface area failed to account for the observed within-tree variability of R-m among stems, branches and twigs. Two simple models were proposed to predict the variability of R-m at 15 degreesC in an adult tree. Model 1, a linear function model based on the dry mass and nitrogen concentration of sapwood and phloem tissues, explained most of the variability of R-m in branches and stems (R-2 = 0.97). We concluded that the respective contributions of the phloem and sapwood depend on the location and diameter of the woody organ. Model 2, a power-law function model based on the length, diameter and age of the sample, explained the same variance of R-m as Model 1 and is appropriate for scaling R-m to the stand level. Models 1 and 2 appear to explain a larger variability of R-m than models based on stem area or sapwood mass. |
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Address |
INRA, F-33612 Cestas, France, Email: alexandre.bosc@pierroton.inra.fr |
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Publisher |
HERON PUBLISHING |
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ISSN |
0829-318X |
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Notes |
ISI:000181841200002 |
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Call Number |
EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
246 |
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Author |
Blanc, L.; Dick, J.M. |
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Title |
Errors in repeated measurements of soil water content in pots using a ThetaProbe |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2003 |
Publication |
Soil Use and Management |
Abbreviated Journal |
Soil Use Manage. |
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Volume |
19 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
87-88 |
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Keywords |
measurement; soil water content; probes |
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Abstract |
The accuracy of a ThetaProbe (Delta-T Devices Ltd, UK) to obtain repeated measures of soil water content in pot plants was tested. This alternative to balance determinations led to a large underestimation of water content, varying from 12.2 to 21.8% of the total water content, depending on soil type. |
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Address |
Ctr Ecol & Hydrol Edinburgh, Penicuik EH26 0QB, Midlothian, Scotland |
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Publisher |
C A B I PUBLISHING |
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ISSN |
0266-0032 |
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Notes |
ISI:000181552000013 |
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no |
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Call Number |
EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
247 |
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Author |
Dutech, C.; Seiter, J.; Petronelli, P.; Joly, H.I.; Jarne, P. |
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Title |
Evidence of low gene flow in a neotropical clustered tree species in two rainforest stands of French Guiana |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2002 |
Publication |
Molecular Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Mol. Ecol. |
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Volume |
11 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
725-738 |
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Keywords |
Caesalpiniaceae; gene flow; recolonization process; spatial genetic structure; tropical rainforest; Vouacapoua americana |
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Abstract |
The spatial genetic structure of the neotropical, clustered tree species Vouacapoua americana (Aublet) was studied in two natural forest stands (Paracou and Nouragues) in French Guiana. Using eight microsatellite loci, V. americana is characterized by a marked genetic structure at small spatial distances (under 30-60 m), in agreement with the limited seed dispersal by rodent species. Gene flow through pollen is also shown to be mainly restricted to less than 100 m. This result suggests that most pollination events (mediated through small insects) are probably limited to within-patches of individuals, which might explain the high genetic differentiation among patches (F-ST = 0.11) separated by less than 2 km. We also assume that stronger genetic structure in Paracou is likely to be due to lower seed dispersal by rodents, large spatial distances separating patches, or a recent recolonization event. |
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Address |
CNRS, Ctr Ecol Fonct & Evolut, F-34293 Montpellier 5, France, Email: jarne@cefe.cnrs-mop.fr |
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Publisher |
BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0962-1083 |
ISBN |
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Notes |
ISI:000175250300008 |
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no |
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Call Number |
EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
248 |
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Author |
Picard, N.; Gourlet-Fleury, S.; Sist, P. |
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Title |
Using process-dependent groups of species to model the dynamics of a tropical rainforest |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2003 |
Publication |
Modelling Forest Systems |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
237-248 |
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Abstract |
The high tree species diversity in tropical forests is difficult to take into account in models. The usual solution consists of defining groups of species and then adjusting a set of parameters for each group. In this study, we address this issue by allowing a species to move from one species group to another, depending on the biological process that is concerned. We developed this approach with a matrix model of forest dynamics, for a tropical rainforest in French Guiana, at Paracou, focusing on the methodological aspects. The forest dynamics is split into three components: recruitment, growth and mortality. We then built five recruitment groups, five growth groups and five mortality groups. One species is characterized by a combination of the three groups, thus yielding in total 5 X 5 X 5 = 125 possibilities, out of which 43 are actually observed. The resulting matrix model provides a better view of the floristic composition of the forest, and does not have more parameters than it would have with five global species groups. However, its predictions are no more precise than those of the matrix model based on five global groups. |
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Address |
Cirad Foret, Montpellier, France |
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Publisher |
CABI PUBLISHING |
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Notes |
ISI:000231866400021 |
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no |
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Call Number |
EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
249 |
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Author |
Baraloto, C.; Forget, P.M.; Goldberg, D.E. |
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Title |
Seed mass, seedling size and neotropical tree seedling establishment |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2005 |
Publication |
Journal of Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Ecol. |
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Volume |
93 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
1156-1166 |
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Keywords |
French Guiana; life-history trade-offs; microhabitat; path analysis; regeneration strategy; relative growth rate; seedling survival; shade tolerance |
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Abstract |
1 We examined among- and within-species effects of seed mass for seedling establishment from seed to 5 years of age in a field experiment at Paracou, French Guiana. 2 Six seeds of each of eight species were weighed and planted into each of 120 plots (1 m(2)) throughout closed-canopy forest along 12 100-m transects in 1998. 3 We described the microhabitat of each planting site using principal components derived from measurements of light availability, soil moisture, carbon and nitrogen content, and soil phosphorus availability. Although both survival and relative growth rate (RGR) increased with increasing light availability, no other microhabitat variable significantly affected seedling performance. Nor did the magnitude of microhabitat effects on survival or RGR differ among species. 4 Larger-seeded species were more likely to survive from germination to 1 year as well as from 1 to 5 years of age. RGR for seedling height during the first year post-germination was not related to seed mass, but smaller-seeded species did grow slightly faster thereafter. Path analyses revealed that correlations between seed mass and performance were explained in part because larger seeds produced larger initial seedlings, which tended to survive better but grow more slowly. 5 We also analysed within-species effects of seed mass for the larger-seeded Eperua grandiflora and Vouacapoua americana (both Caesalpiniaceae). Larger seeds produced larger seedlings in both species, but larger seeds survived better only for Eperua. Larger seedlings grew more slowly in both species, but did not offset the early (Eperua) and later (Vouacapoua) positive direct effects of seed mass on RGR that may represent contrasting strategies for reserve deployment. 6 Our results demonstrate that seed size influences performance within and among species in part because of indirect effects of initial seedling size. However, we suggest that traits tightly correlated with seed mass at the species level, such as specific leaf area, leaf longevity and photosynthetic capacity, may also contribute to interspecific performance differences. |
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Address |
Museum Natl Hist Nat, Dept Ecol & Gest Biodivers, UMR 5176, CNRS, Brunoy, France, Email: baraloto.c@kourou.cirad.fr |
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Publisher |
BLACKWELL PUBLISHING |
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ISSN |
0022-0477 |
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Notes |
ISI:000233287500012 |
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no |
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Call Number |
EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
250 |
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Author |
Liu, S.Q.; Loup, C.; Gril, J.; Dumonceaud, O.; Thibaut, A.; Thibaut, B. |
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Title |
Studies on European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.). Part 1: Variations of wood colour parameters |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2005 |
Publication |
Annals of Forest Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ann. For. Sci. |
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Volume |
62 |
Issue |
7 |
Pages |
625-632 |
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Keywords |
Fagus sylvatica L.; CIELab colour system; solid wood; red heartwood |
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Abstract |
Colour parameters of European beech were measured using CIELab system. 103 logs from 87 trees in 9 sites were cut into boards to study the radial variations of wood colour parameters. Both site and tree effects on colour were observed. Patterns of red heartwood occurrence were defined. When excepting red heartwood there was still a highly significant effect of site and tree. Axial and radial variations were small, except very near the pith or in red heartwood, suggesting possible early selection at periphery under colour criteria. Red heartwood is darker, redder and more yellow than normal peripheral wood. |
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Address |
Univ Montpellier 2, Lab Mecan & Genie Civil, F-34095 Montpellier, France, Email: jgril@lmgc.univ-montp2.fr |
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Publisher |
EDP SCIENCES S A |
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ISSN |
1286-4560 |
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Notes |
ISI:000233179100003 |
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no |
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Call Number |
EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
251 |
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Author |
Baraloto, C.; Goldberg, D.E.; Bonal, D. |
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Title |
Performance trade-offs among tropical tree seedlings in contrasting microhabitats |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2005 |
Publication |
Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ecology |
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Volume |
86 |
Issue |
9 |
Pages |
2461-2472 |
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Keywords |
canopy gaps; French Guiana; regeneration niche; relative growth rate; seed size; shade tolerance; soil moisture; tropical forest |
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Abstract |
We investigated performance trade-offs among seedlings of nine tropical tree species during a -five-year field experiment. Seedlings were grown in eight microhabitat types composed of paired gap and shaded understory sites in each of four soil types. We defined performance trade-offs relevant to coexistence as significant pairwise rank reversals for species performance between contrasting situations, of which we characterize three types: microhabitat, fitness component, and ontogenetic. Only 2 of 36 species pairs exhibited microhabitat trade-offs or reversed rankings for survival or relative growth rate (RGR) among microhabitats, and only one species pair reversed performance ranks among soil types. We found stronger evidence for rank reversals between fitness components (survival and RGR), particularly in gap vs. understory environments, suggesting a general trade-off between shade tolerance (survival in shade) and gap establishment (RGR in gaps). Third, the most frequent rank reversals between species pairs occurred between early and later ontogenetic stages, especially between fitness components in contrasting microhabitats. Overall, 15 of 36 pairs of potentially competing species exhibited some type of seedling performance trade-off, two species pairs never outperformed one another, and for 19 species pairs one species was a consistent better performer. We suggest that ontogenetic trade-offs, in concert with microhabitat and fitness component trade-offs, may contribute to species coexistence of long-lived organisms such as tropical trees. |
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Address |
Univ Michigan, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA, Email: baraloto.c@kourou.cirad.fr |
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Publisher |
ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER |
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ISSN |
0012-9658 |
ISBN |
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Notes |
ISI:000231373600021 |
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no |
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Call Number |
EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
252 |
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Author |
Almeras, T.; Thibaut, A.; Gril, J. |
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Title |
Effect of circumferential heterogeneity of wood maturation strain, modulus of elasticity and radial growth on the regulation of stem orientation in trees |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2005 |
Publication |
Trees-Structure and Function |
Abbreviated Journal |
Trees-Struct. Funct. |
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Volume |
19 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
457-467 |
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Keywords |
biomechanics; reaction wood; maturation strain; Young's modulus; eccentricity |
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Abstract |
Active mechanisms of re-orientation are necessary to maintain the verticality of tree stems. They are achieved through the production of reaction wood, associated with circumferential variations of three factors related to cambial activity: maturation strain, longitudinal modulus of elasticity (MOE) and eccentric growth. These factors were measured on 17 mature trees from different botanical families and geographical locations. Various patterns of circumferential variation of these factors were identified. A biomechanical analysis based on beam theory was performed to quantify the individual impact of each factor. The main factor of re-orientation is the circumferential variation of maturation strains. However, this factor alone explains only 57% of the re-orientations. Other factors also have an effect through their interaction with maturation strains. Eccentric growth is generally associated with heterogeneity of maturation strains, and has an important complementary role, by increasing the width of wood with high maturation strain. Without this factor, the efficiency of re-orientations would be reduced by 31% for angiosperms and 26% for gymnosperms. In the case of angiosperms, MOE is often larger in tension wood than in normal wood. Without these variations, the efficiency of re-orientations would be reduced by 13%. In the case of gymnosperm trees, MOE of compression wood is lower than that of normal wood, so that re-orientation efficiency would be increased by 24% without this factor of variations. |
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Address |
Nagoya Univ, Lab Biomat Phys, Dept Bioagr Sci, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan, Email: t_almeras@hotmail.com |
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Publisher |
SPRINGER |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0931-1890 |
ISBN |
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Notes |
ISI:000229890700012 |
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no |
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Call Number |
EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
253 |
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Author |
Clair, B.; Gril, J.; Baba, K.; Thibaut, B.; Sugiyama, J. |
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Title |
Precautions for the structural analysis of the gelatinous layer in tension wood |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2005 |
Publication |
IAWA Journal |
Abbreviated Journal |
IAWA J. |
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Volume |
26 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
189-195 |
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Keywords |
artefact; fibre wall; gelatinous layer (G-layer); tension wood |
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Abstract |
The gelatinous layer (G-layer) of tension wood fibres in hardwood contributes to the mechanical function of the living tree and has significant consequences on properties of solid wood. Its size, shape and structure observed by optical or electron microscopy exhibits characteristic anatomical features. However, we found that sectioning of non-embedded wood samples results in an uncontrolled swelling of the G-layer. In order to assess this artefact, the shape and thickness of the G-layer was monitored by serial sections from an embedded wood sample, from its trimmed transverse face to that located several hundreds of micrometres deep. The results revealed that the initial cutting before embedding produced a border effect responsible for the swollen nature, which is similar to sections from non-embedded material. After a conventional embedding technique was applied, a section of at least 30 micrometres below the trimming surface is required to observe an un-swollen G-layer. |
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Address |
Kyoto Univ, Res Inst Sustainable Humanosphere, Lab Biomass Morphogenesis & Informat, Kyoto 6110011, Japan, Email: clair@blmgc.univ.montp2.fr |
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Publisher |
INT ASSOC WOOD ANATOMISTS |
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ISSN |
0928-1541 |
ISBN |
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Notes |
ISI:000229698100003 |
Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
254 |
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