| Records |
| Author |
Clair, B.; Almeras, T.; Yamamoto, H.; Okuyama, T.; Sugiyama, J. |
| Title |
Mechanical behavior of cellulose microfibrils in tension wood, in relation with maturation stress generation |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Biophysical Journal |
Abbreviated Journal |
Biophys. J. |
| Volume |
91 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
1128-1135 |
| Keywords |
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| Abstract |
A change in cellulose lattice spacing can be detected during the release of wood maturation stress by synchrotron x-ray diffraction experiment. The lattice strain was found to be the same order of magnitude as the macroscopic strain. The fiber repeat distance, 1.033 nm evaluated for tension wood after the release of maturation stress was equal to the conventional wood values, whereas the value before stress release was larger, corresponding to a fiber repeat of 1.035 nm, nearly equal to that of cotton and ramie. Interestingly, the fiber repeat varied from 1.033 nm for wood to 1.040 nm for algal cellulose, with an increasing order of lateral size of cellulose microfibrils so far reported. These lines of experiments demonstrate that, before the stress release, the cellulose was in a state of tension, which is, to our knowledge, the first experimental evidence supporting the assumption that tension is induced in cellulose microfibrils. |
| Address |
Kyoto Univ, Res Inst Sustainable Humanosphere, Uji, Kyoto, Japan, Email: sugiyama@rish.kyoto-u.ac.jp |
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| Publisher |
BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0006-3495 |
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| Notes |
ISI:000239086800039 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial  |
224 |
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| Author |
Almeras, T.; Yoshida, M.; Okuyama, T. |
| Title |
Strains inside xylem and inner bark of a stem submitted to a change in hydrostatic pressure |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Trees-Structure and Function |
Abbreviated Journal |
Trees-Struct. Funct. |
| Volume |
20 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
460-467 |
| Keywords |
diurnal strains; hydrostatic pressure; xylem; inner bark; mechanical properties |
| Abstract |
Tangential strains were measured with strain gauges at the surface of xylem and inner bark of saplings of Cryptomeria japonica D. Don. and Fagus silvatica L. during a pressurization test. The test consists in submitting the whole sapling to an artificially imposed hydrostatic pressure of increasing magnitude. The elastic response of the stems was found linear both at the surface of xylem and inner bark. A simple geometric model allows to compute radial strains in each tissue from tangential strain data. Inside inner bark, radial strains are much larger than tangential strains, because tangential strains are restrained by the core of wood. The material compliance of each tissue was computed as the ratio between the radial strain and the pressure that caused it. The material compliance of xylem is much lower than that of inner bark, but, as its thickness is much larger, its contribution to the apparent behavior of the stem is not negligible. Computation of material compliances by this pressurization test provides information about the specific behavior of each tissue in response to hydrostatic pressure. This can be used to estimate and interpret the calibration factor linking the water status of the plant to the apparent strain measured at its surface. |
| Address |
Nagoya Univ, Grad Sch Bioagr Sci, Lab Biomat Phys, Chikusa Ku, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan, Email: t_almeras@hotmail.com |
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| Publisher |
SPRINGER |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0931-1890 |
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| Notes |
ISI:000237858100007 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
225 |
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| Author |
Ponton, S.; Flanagan, L.B.; Alstad, K.P.; Johnson, B.G.; Morgenstern, K.; Kljun, N.; Black, T.A.; Barr, A.G. |
| Title |
Comparison of ecosystem water-use efficiency among Douglas-fir forest, aspen forest and grassland using eddy covariance and carbon isotope techniques |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Global Change Biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Glob. Change Biol. |
| Volume |
12 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
294-310 |
| Keywords |
boreal forest; conifer forest; eddy covariance; grassland; stable isotopes |
| Abstract |
Comparisons were made among Douglas-fir forest, aspen (broad leaf deciduous) forest and wheatgrass (C-3) grassland for ecosystem-level water-use efficiency (WUE). WUE was defined as the ratio of photosynthetic CO2 assimilation rate and evapotranspiration (ET) rate. The ET data measured by eddy covariance were screened so that they overwhelmingly represented transpiration. The three sites used in this comparison spanned a range of vegetation (plant functional) types and environmental conditions within western Canada. When compared in the relative order Douglas-fir (located on Vancouver Island, BC), aspen (northern Saskatchewan), grassland (southern Alberta), the sites demonstrated a progressive decline in precipitation and a general increase in maximum air temperature and atmospheric saturation deficit (D-max) during the mid-summer. The average (+/- SD) WUE at the grassland site was 2.6 +/- 0.7 mmol mol(-1), which was much lower than the average values observed for the two other sites (aspen: 5.4 +/- 2.3, Douglas-fir: 8.1 +/- 2.4). The differences in WUE among sites were primarily because of variation in ET. The highest maximum ET rates were approximately 5, 3.2 and 2.7 mm day(-1) for the grassland, aspen and Douglas-fir sites, respectively. There was a strong negative correlation between WUE and D-max for all sites. We also made seasonal measurements of the carbon isotope ratio of ecosystem respired CO2 (delta(R)) in order to test for the expected correlation between shifts in environmental conditions and changes to the ecosystem-integrated ratio of leaf intercellular to ambient CO2 concentration (c(i)/c(a)). There was a consistent increase in delta(R) values in the grassland, aspen forest and Douglas-fir forest associated with a seasonal reduction in soil moisture. Comparisons were made between WUE measured using eddy covariance with that calculated based on D and delta(R) measurements. There was excellent agreement between WUE values calculated using the two techniques. Our delta(R) measurements indicated that c(i)/c(a) values were quite similar among the Douglas-fir, aspen and grassland sites, despite large variation in environmental conditions among sites. This implied that the shorter-lived grass species had relatively high c(i)/c(a) values for the D of their habitat. By contrast, the longer-lived Douglas-fir trees were more conservative in water-use with lower c(i)/c(a) values relative to their habitat D. This illustrates the interaction between biological and environmental characteristics influencing ecosystem-level WUE. The strong correlation we observed between the two independent measurements of WUE, indicates that the stable isotope composition of respired CO2 is a useful ecosystem-scale tool to help study constraints to photosynthesis and acclimation of ecosystems to environmental stress. |
| Address |
Univ Lethbridge, Dept Biol Sci, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada, Email: larry.flanagan@uleth.ca |
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| Publisher |
BLACKWELL PUBLISHING |
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Series Title |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
1354-1013 |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
ISI:000234974900013 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
226 |
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| Author |
Gourlet-Fleury, S.; Blanc, L.; Picard, N.; Sist, P.; Dick, J.; Nasi, R.; Swaine, M.D.; Forni, E. |
| Title |
Grouping species for predicting mixed tropical forest dynamics: looking for a strategy |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2005 |
Publication |
Annals of Forest Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ann. For. Sci. |
| Volume |
62 |
Issue |
8 |
Pages |
785-796 |
| Keywords |
cross-comparisons; functional groups; modelling strategy; species classifications |
| Abstract |
The high species diversity of mixed tropical forests hinders the development of forest dynamic models. A solution commonly adopted is to cluster species in groups. There are various methods for grouping species that can be linked to three strategies (i) the ecological subjective strategy, (ii) the ecological data-driven strategy, and (iii) the dynamic process strategy. In the first two strategies a species will be assigned to a single group while in the latter strategy, a specific grouping is defined for each process of population dynamics ( typically based on recruitment, growth, mortality). Little congruency or convergence is observed in the literature between any two classifications of species. This may be explained by the independence between the sets of tree characters used to build species groups, or by the intra-specific variability of these characters. We therefore recommend the dynamic process strategy as the most convenient strategy for building groups of species. |
| Address |
Cirad Foret, F-34398 Montpellier, France, Email: sylvie.gourlet-fleury@cirad.fr |
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Thesis |
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| Publisher |
EDP SCIENCES S A |
Place of Publication |
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Summary Language |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
1286-4560 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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| Area |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
ISI:000233972500001 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
228 |
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| Author |
Roggy, J.C.; Nicolini, E.; Imbert, P.; Caraglio, Y.; Bosc, A.; Heuret, P. |
| Title |
Links between tree structure and functional leaf traits in the tropical forest tree Dicorynia guianensis Amshoff (Caesalpiniaceae) |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2005 |
Publication |
Annals of Forest Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ann. For. Sci. |
| Volume |
62 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
553-564 |
| Keywords |
Dicorynia guianensis; leaf structure; functional leaf traits; plasticity; tree structure |
| Abstract |
This study looked at the interactive effects of tree architectural stage of development (ASD) and light availability on different plant traits (growth parameters, leaf morpho-anatomy and photosynthetic capacities) in the tropical species Dicorynia guianensis. A qualitative architectural analysis was used to categorize tree individuals sampled along a natural light gradient. The results show that some traits could have an ASD-dependence at the whole plant and leaf level without control of light. The changes observed relate to vigour thresholds the plant has to reach to shift from one ASD to another (i.e., the number of nodes and the internodes length per Growth Unit). Light conditions do not modify these thresholds but may modify the time they are crossed. Tree height was found strongly modulated by light conditions; hence, at a similar height, individuals may belong to different ASD. At the functional level, a decrease in N-m, and A(maxm) was observed with increasing light availability, while N-a increased and A(maxa) remained unaffected. An ASD effect was also observed on Amaxa and LMA but not on Amaxm. These results demonstrated a weak ability of photosynthetic plasticity in response to light conditions, and that variations of leaf photosynthetic variables according to ASD can be explained by modifications in leaf nitrogen and LMA. Questions on the reliability of a height-based sampling strategy for evaluating the phenotypic plasticity of trees in relation to light conditions are raised. |
| Address |
INRA, Ecol Forets Guyane, ENGREF, UMR CIRAD, F-97387 Kourou, Guyane Francais, France, Email: roggy.j@cirad.fr |
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| Publisher |
EDP SCIENCES S A |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
1286-4560 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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| Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
ISI:000232084400009 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
229 |
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| Author |
Coste, S.; Roggy, J.C.; Imbert, P.; Born, C.; Bonal, D.; Dreyer, E. |
| Title |
Leaf photosynthetic traits of 14 tropical rain forest species in relation to leaf nitrogen concentration and shade tolerance |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2005 |
Publication |
Tree Physiology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Tree Physiol. |
| Volume |
25 |
Issue |
9 |
Pages |
1127-1137 |
| Keywords |
functional diversity; leaf carbon; leaf nitrogen; nitrogen-use efficiency; photosynthetic capacity; tropical rain forest |
| Abstract |
Variability of leaf traits related to photosynthesis was assessed in seedlings from 14 tree species growing in the tropical rain forest of French Guiana. Leaf photosynthetic capacity (maximum rate of carboxylation and maximum rate of electron transport) was estimated by fitting a biochemical model of photosynthesis to response curves of net CO2 assimilation rate versus intercellular CO2 mole fraction. Leaf morphology described by leaf mass per unit leaf area (LMA), density and thickness, as well as area- and mass-based nitrogen (N) and carbon (C) concentrations, were recorded on the same leaves. Large interspecific variability was detected in photosynthetic capacity as well as in leaf structure and leaf N and C concentrations. No correlation was found between leaf thickness and density. The correlations between area- and mass-based leaf N concentration and photosynthetic capacity were poor. Conversely, the species differed greatly in relative N allocation to carboxylation and bioenergetics. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that, of the recorded traits, only the computed fraction of total leaf N invested in photosynthesis was tightly correlated to photosynthetic capacity. We also used PCA to test to what extent species with similar shade tolerances displayed converging leaf traits related to photosynthesis. No clear-cut ranking could be detected among the shade-tolerant groups, as confirmed by a one-way ANOVA. We conclude that the large interspecific diversity in photosynthetic capacity was mostly explained by differences in the relative allocation of N to photosynthesis and not by leaf N concentration, and that leaf traits related to photosynthetic capacity did not discriminate shade-tolerance ranking of these tropical tree species. |
| Address |
CNRS Ecol Forets Guyane, INRA, ENGREF,CIRAD, Unite Mixte Rech, Kourou 97387, French Guiana, Email: roggy.j@cirad.fr |
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| Publisher |
HERON PUBLISHING |
Place of Publication |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0829-318X |
ISBN |
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| Notes |
ISI:000231555200005 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
230 |
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| Author |
Delaval, M.; Henry, M.; Charles-Dominique, P. |
| Title |
Interspecific competition and niche partitioning: Example of a neotropical rainforest bat community |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2005 |
Publication |
Revue d'Ecologie (La Terre et la Vie) |
Abbreviated Journal |
Rev. Ecol.-Terre Vie |
| Volume |
60 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
149-165 |
| Keywords |
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| Abstract |
To understand the organization of a bat community and the coexistence of sympatric species, it is essential to understand how species use and share common resources. First, we describe a bat community in a primary rainforest of French Guiana. The presence of particular roosting sites, such as caves, and the absence of disturbances are important local factors in structuring communities. In the course of this study, we focused on the three most common species of three vegetarian bat guilds (understorey frugivores, canopy frugivores and nectarivores). The local coexistence of these species is possible thanks to space, food and/or time partitioning. Space partitioning is consistent with the hypothesis that smaller bats with a more manoeuvrable flight tend to occupy more cluttered space less attractive to their competitors and have smaller home range. We observed a time partitioning that is likely to reduce competition among some frugivorous bat species by reducing direct interference during foraging. Besides an interest for the field community ecology, this study of a community living in a primary forest can be used as a reference for non disturbed habitat for conservation purposes. |
| Address |
Dept Ecol & Gestion Biodivers, UMR 5176, F-91800 Brunoy, France, Email: marguerite.delaval@wanadoo.fr |
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| Publisher |
SOC NATL PROTECTION NATURE ACCLIMATATION FRANCE |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0249-7395 |
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| Notes |
ISI:000230973300005 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
231 |
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| Author |
Bereau, M.; Bonal, D.; Louisanna, E.; Garbaye, J. |
| Title |
Do mycorrhizas improve tropical tree seedling performance under water stress and low light conditions? A case study with Dicorynia guianensis (Caesalpiniaceae) |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2005 |
Publication |
Journal of Tropical Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Trop. Ecol. |
| Volume |
21 |
Issue |
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Pages |
375-381 |
| Keywords |
French Guiana; leaf gas exchange; mycorrhizal symbiosis; tropical forest; water limitation |
| Abstract |
We tested the response of seedlings of Diconyina guianensis, a major timber tree species of French Guiana, to mycorrhizal symbiosis and water limitation in a semi-con trolled experiment under natural light conditions. Under well-watered conditions, mycorrhizal colonization resulted in an increase of net photosynthesis, growth and phosphorus uptake. When submitted to water stress, no growth reduction of mycorrhizal seedlings was observed. Mycorrhizal seedlings were more sensitive to drought than non-mycorrhizal ones in terms of carbon assimilation, but not with regard to stomatal closure. In contrast to previous studies on temperate tree seedlings, this result precludes a mycorrhizal effect on the hydraulic properties of this species. Furthermore, our results suggest that below a specific threshold of soil moisture, carbon assimilation of D. guianensis seedlings was decreased by the mycorrhizal symbiosis. This is probably related to the competition between the plant and its host fungus for carbon allocation under low light intensity, even though it did not seem to have a significant effect on mortality in our experiment. |
| Address |
UMR Ecofog, Kourou 97387, French Guiana, Email: bercau.m@kourou.cirad.fr |
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| Publisher |
CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0266-4674 |
ISBN |
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| Notes |
ISI:000231009300003 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
232 |
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| Author |
Baraloto, C.; Goldberg, D.E. |
| Title |
Microhabitat associations and seedling bank dynamics in a neotropical forest |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Oecologia |
Abbreviated Journal |
Oecologia |
| Volume |
141 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
701-712 |
| Keywords |
French Guiana; life history traits; light availability; regeneration niche; soil nutrients |
| Abstract |
We conducted a rigorous test of tropical tree seedling microhabitat differentiation by examining microhabitat associations, survival and growth of established seedlings of ten tropical tree species representing a four-factor gradient in seed size. Eight microhabitat variables describing soil and light conditions were measured directly adjacent to each of 588 seedlings within twelve 10 x 100 m belt transects at Paracou, French Guiana, and at 264 reference points along the transects. From these measurements, we defined three principal components describing soil richness, soil softness and canopy openness. Six of ten species ( in 9 of 30 total cases) were distributed non-randomly with respect to microhabitat along at least one principal component. However, few species demonstrated clear microhabitat specialization. All shifts in distribution relative to reference points were in the same direction ( richer, softer soil). Furthermore, of 135 pairwise comparisons among the species, only 7 were significantly different. More than three-fourths of all seedlings (75.3%) survived over the 2-year monitoring period, but survival rates varied widely among species. In no case was the probability of survival influenced by any microhabitat parameter. Relative height growth rates for the seedlings over 2 years varied from – 0.031 cm cm(-1) year(-1) (Dicorynia guianensis, Caesalpiniaceae) to 0.088 cm cm(-1) year(-1) (Virola michelii, Myristicaceae). In only 4 of 30 cases was height growth significantly associated with one of the three principal components. Because the conditions in this study were designed to maximize the chance of finding microhabitat differentiation among a group of species differing greatly in life history traits, the lack of microhabitat specialization it uncovered suggests that microhabitat partitioning among tropical tree species at the established seedling stage is unlikely to contribute greatly to coexistence among these species. |
| Address |
INRA Kourou, UMR Ecol Forets Guyane, Kourou 97387, French Guiana, Email: baraloto.c@kourou.cirad.fr |
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| Publisher |
SPRINGER |
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Summary Language |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0029-8549 |
ISBN |
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| Notes |
ISI:000224999800015 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
233 |
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| Author |
Phillips, P.D.; Thompson, I.S.; Silva, J.N.M.; van Gardingen, P.R.; Degen, B. |
| Title |
Scaling up models of tree competition for tropical forest population genetics simulation |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Ecological Modelling |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ecol. Model. |
| Volume |
180 |
Issue |
2-3 |
Pages |
419-434 |
| Keywords |
tropical rain; forest; population genetics; model SYMFOR; eco-gene; scaling up; competition |
| Abstract |
Understanding the effects of logging activity on genetic diversity is an important aspect of establishing the sustainability of selective logging management operations in tropical forests. Genetic variation is affected by selective logging directly, through the removal of and damage to trees within the population, and indirectly, through a change in the forest structure and environment in which the remaining population lives. Eco-Gene is a population genetics model applied to tropical forests over a scale of hundreds of hectares. SYMFOR is a modelling framework for individual-based spatially explicit ecological and management models applied to tropical forests over a scale of 0.25 4 ha. We have linked the models to enable simulations using processes involved in both models. To overcome problems of scale, the spatially explicit competition index calculated in SYMFOR simulations has been modelled such that it can be applied at scales representing much larger areas for which the data are not available, as required by Eco-Gene. The competition index is modelled as a distribution on a grid-square basis, and implemented in the linked Eco-Gene/SYMFOR system. Each tree within a grid-square is given a “relative competition” within the distribution, biased according to species. A competition index value is obtained for the tree by transforming the grid-square distribution to be relevant to the size of the tree, and extracting a value according to the tree's relative competition within the distribution. The distribution and each tree's relative competition within it change according to the effects of growth, mortality and logging activity. The model was calibrated using data from the Tapajos region of the Eastern Amazon forest. This paper describes the model, its calibration and validation and the implications of scaling up from an explicit representation to a modelled quantity. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. |
| Address |
Embrapa Amazonia Oriental, BR-66095100 Belem, Para, Brazil, Email: paul.phillips@envams.co.uk |
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| Publisher |
ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV |
Place of Publication |
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Summary Language |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0304-3800 |
ISBN |
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Expedition |
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| Notes |
ISI:000224635700012 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
234 |
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