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Chang, S.-S.; Quignard, F.; Clair, B. |
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Title |
The effect of sectioning and ultrasonication on the mesoporosity of poplar tension wood |
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2017 |
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Wood Science and Technology |
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51 |
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3 |
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507-516 |
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Increasing interest in understanding tension stress generation in tension wood with fibres having a gelatinous layer (G-layer) has focused attention on the specific role of this layer. To distinguish its contribution from those of other wall layers, the G-layer of wood sections was isolated by ultrasonication. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of sectioning and of the ultrasonic treatment on the mesoporosity of tension wood using nitrogen adsorption–desorption analysis. The results showed that the process of isolating the G-layer using ultrasonication strongly affects its mesoporosity. Most damage was found to occur during sectioning rather than as a result of the 15-min ultrasonic treatment. |
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1432-5225 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ Chang2017 |
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782 |
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Birer, C.; Tysklind, N.; Zinger, L.; Duplais, C. |
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Comparative analysis of DNA extraction methods to study the body surface microbiota of insects: A case study with ant cuticular bacteria |
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2017 |
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Molecular Ecology Resources |
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Mol Ecol Resour |
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17 |
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6 |
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e34-e45 |
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16S rRNA; bacterial communities; cuticular microbiome; insect cuticle; metabarcoding |
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High-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene has considerably helped revealing the essential role of bacteria living on insect cuticles in the ecophysiology and behaviour of their hosts. However, our understanding of host-cuticular microbiota feedbacks remains hampered by the difficulties of working with low bacterial DNA quantities as with individual insect cuticle samples, which are more prone to molecular biases and contaminations. Herein, we conducted a methodological benchmark on the cuticular bacterial loads retrieved from two Neotropical ant species of different body size and ecology: Atta cephalotes (~15 mm) and Pseudomyrmex penetrator (~5 mm). We evaluated the richness and composition of the cuticular microbiota, as well as the amount of biases and contamination produced by four DNA extraction protocols. We also addressed how bacterial community characteristics would be affected by the number of individuals or individual body size used for DNA extraction. Most extraction methods yielded similar results in terms of bacterial diversity and composition for A. cephalotes (~15 mm). In contrast, greater amounts of artefactual sequences and contaminations, as well as noticeable differences in bacterial community characteristics were observed between extraction methods for P. penetrator (~5 mm). We also found that large (~15 mm) and small (~5 mm) A. cephalotes individuals harbour different bacterial communities. Our benchmark suggests that cuticular microbiota of single individual insects can be reliably retrieved provided that blank controls, appropriate data cleaning, and individual body size and functional role within insect society are considered in the experiment. |
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1755-0998 |
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781 |
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Duplais, C.; Estevez, Y. |
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Tandem Biocatalysis Unlocks the Challenging de Novo Production of Plant Natural Products |
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2017 |
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ChemBioChem |
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ChemBioChem |
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18 |
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22 |
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2192-2195 |
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alkaloids; biosynthesis; enzyme catalysis; protein engineering; terpenes |
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Intimate partnership: Knowledge of the biocatalytic cascades in different cellular compartments is limited, but deciphering these systems in nature can be used to inspire synthetic strategies. Two studies report new insights into the biosynthesis of alkaloids and sesterterpenoids in plants. This highlight presents these novel biotransformations to illustrate how tandem biocatalysis can impact the future of natural product production. |
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1439-7633 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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780 |
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Gruhn, G.; Dumez, S.; Moreau, P.-A.; Roy, M.; Morreale, O.; Schimann, H.; Courtecuisse, R.. |
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The genus Resinicium in French Guiana and the West Indies: a morphological and molecular survey, revealing Resinicium grandisporum sp. nov. |
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2017 |
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Cryptogamie, Mycologie |
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38 |
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4 |
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1-15 |
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A revision of Resinicium collections (Basidiomycota, Hymenochaetales) from French Guiana and French West Indies is provided, and a new species, Resinicium grandisporum sp. nov., supported by morphological as well as phylogenetic analyses based on ITS DNA sequences, is described and illustrated. An updated key of the genus Resinicium is also provided, which includes species previously described from outside of the studied area. |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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779 |
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Roux, O.; Vantaux, A.; Petitclerc, F.; Orivel, J.; Dejean, A.; Billen, J. |
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Structural adaptations and mechanism of reflex bleeding in the larvae of the myrmecophilous ladybird Diomus thoracicus |
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2017 |
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Arthropod Structure and Development |
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Arthropod Structure and Development |
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46 |
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4 |
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529-536 |
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3D reconstruction; Coccinellidae; Myrmecophagous insect; Reflex bleeding; Ultrastructure |
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Reflex bleeding is an effective defensive mechanism against predators. When attacked, some insects emit hemolymph, which coagulates, quickly entangling their aggressor. Bleeding occurs at weak intersegmental membranes or through dedicated organs, which can be associated or not with glandular cells. Here, we describe the behavior and morphological structures involved in reflex bleeding in the larvae of the ladybird, Diomus thoracicus, which are intranidal parasites of the ant Wasmannia auropunctata. The larvae are tolerated by the ants thanks to odor mimicry, but some rare aggressive ant behaviors were observed that trigger reflex bleeding both at a pair of thoracic tubercles and a pair of posterodorsal abdominal humps. No glandular structure was found in association with these emission points, which suggests that the material emitted was hemolymph only. A 3D reconstruction suggested that reflex bleeding seems to be controlled by muscles whose contraction increases the internal hydrostatic pressure and pushes the hemolymph into a funnel-like structure with an opening to the outside. In D. thoracicus, the morphological structures involved in reflex bleeding are among the most complex and prominent described to date. © 2017 Elsevier Ltd |
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KU Leuven, Zoological Institute, Naamsestraat 59, box 2466, Leuven, Belgium |
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Export Date: 18 December 2017 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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778 |
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Talaga, S.; Petitclerc, F.; Carrias, J.-F.; Dezerald, O.; Leroy, C.; Céréghino, R.; Dejean, A. |
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Environmental drivers of community diversity in a neotropical urban landscape: a multi-scale analysis |
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2017 |
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Landscape Ecology |
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Landscape Ecology |
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32 |
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9 |
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1805-1818 |
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Aquatic metacommunity; Landscape ecology; Mosquitoes; Neotropics; Scale dependency; Tank bromeliads; Urban ecology |
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Context: Many aquatic communities are linked by the aerial dispersal of multiple, interacting species and are thus structured by processes occurring in both the aquatic and terrestrial compartments of the ecosystem. Objectives: To evaluate the environmental factors shaping the aquatic macroinvertebrate communities associated with tank bromeliads in an urban landscape. Methods: Thirty-two bromeliads were georeferenced to assess the spatial distribution of the aquatic meta-habitat in one city. The relative influence of the aquatic and terrestrial habitats on the structure of macroinvertebrate communities was analyzed at four spatial scales (radius = 10, 30, 50, and 70 m) using redundancy analyses. Results: We sorted 18,352 aquatic macroinvertebrates into 29 taxa. Water volume and the amount of organic matter explained a significant part of the taxa variance, regardless of spatial scale. The remaining variance was explained by the meta-habitat size (i.e., the water volume for all of the bromeliads within a given surface area), the distance to the nearest building at small scales, and the surface area of buildings plus ground cover at larger scales. At small scales, the meta-habitat size influenced the two most frequent mosquito species in opposite ways, suggesting spatial competition and coexistence. Greater vegetation cover favored the presence of a top predator. Conclusions: The size of the meta-habitat and urban landscape characteristics influence the structure of aquatic communities in tank bromeliads, including mosquito larval abundance. Modifications to this landscape will affect both the terrestrial and aquatic compartments of the urban ecosystem, offering prospects for mosquito management during urban planning. © 2017, Springer Science+Business Media B.V. |
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IRD; UMR AMAP (botAnique et Modélisation de l’Architecture des Plantes et des végétations), Boulevard de la Lironde, TA A‐51/PS2, Montpellier Cedex 5, France |
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Export Date: 18 December 2017 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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777 |
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Talaga, S.; Dezerald, O.; Carteron, A.; Leroy, C.; Carrias, J.-F.; Céréghino, R.; Dejean, A. |
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Urbanization impacts the taxonomic and functional structure of aquatic macroinvertebrate communities in a small Neotropical city |
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2017 |
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Urban Ecosystems |
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Urban Ecosystems |
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20 |
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5 |
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1001-1009 |
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Aedes aegypti; Bioindicator; Diversity; Functional traits; Tank bromeliads; Urban ecology |
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Due to habitat fragmentation, resource disruption and pollution, urbanization is one of the most destructive forms of anthropization affecting ecosystems worldwide. Generally, human-mediated perturbations dramatically alter species diversity in urban sites compared to the surroundings, thus influencing the functioning of the entire ecosystem. We investigated the taxonomic and functional diversity patterns of the aquatic macroinvertebrate communities in tank bromeliads by comparing those found in a small Neotropical city with those from an adjacent rural site. Changes in the quality of detrital inputs in relation to lower tree diversity and the presence of synanthropic species are likely important driving forces behind the observed structural changes in the urban site. Leaf-litter processors (i.e., shredders, scrapers) were positively affected in the urban site, while filter-feeders that process smaller particles produced by the activity of the shredders were negatively affected. Because we cannot ascertain whether the decline in filter-feeders is related to food web-mediated effects or to competitive exclusion (Aedes aegypti mosquitoes were present in urban bromeliads only), further studies are necessary to account for the effects of intra-guild competition or inter-guild facilitation. © 2017, Springer Science+Business Media New York. |
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Ecolab, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Toulouse, France |
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Cited By :1; Export Date: 18 December 2017 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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776 |
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Leroy, C.; Corbara, B.; Dezerald, O.; Trzcinski, M.K.; Carrias, J.-F.; Dejean, A.; Céréghino, R. |
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What drives detrital decomposition in neotropical tank bromeliads? |
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2017 |
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Hydrobiologia |
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Hydrobiologia |
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802 |
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1 |
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85-95 |
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Context dependency; Ecosystem function; Food webs; Leaf litter; Phytotelmata; Rainforest |
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Decomposition experiments that control leaf litter species across environments help to disentangle the roles of litter traits and consumer diversity, but once we account for leaf litter effects, they tell us little about the variance in decomposition explained by shifts in environmental conditions versus food-web structure. We evaluated how habitat, food-web structure, leaf litter species, and the interactions between these factors affect litter mass loss in a neotropical ecosystem. We used water-filled bromeliads to conduct a reciprocal transplant experiment of two litter species between an open and a forested habitat in French Guiana, and coarse- and fine-mesh enclosures embedded within bromeliads to exclude invertebrates or allow them to colonize leaf litter disks. Soft Melastomataceae leaves decomposed faster in their home habitat, whereas tough Eperua leaves decomposed equally in both habitats. Bacterial densities did not differ significantly between the two habitats. Significant shifts in the identity and biomass of invertebrate detritivores across habitats did not generate differences in leaf litter decomposition, which was essentially microbial. Despite the obvious effects of habitats on food-web structure, ecosystem processes are not necessarily affected. Our results pose the question of when does environmental determinism matter for ecosystem functions, and when does it not. © 2017, Springer International Publishing Switzerland. |
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IRD – UMR AMAP, Campus agronomique, BP 316, Kourou Cedex, France |
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Export Date: 18 December 2017 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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775 |
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Buckland, S.T.; Yuan, Y.; Marcon, E. |
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Measuring temporal trends in biodiversity |
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2017 |
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AStA Advances in Statistical Analysis |
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AStA Advances in Statistical Analysis |
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101 |
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4 |
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461-474 |
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Biodiversity measures; Diversity profiles; Geometric mean; Species similarity; Turnover measures |
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In 2002, nearly 200 nations signed up to the 2010 target of the Convention for Biological Diversity, ‘to significantly reduce the rate of biodiversity loss by 2010’. To assess whether the target was met, it became necessary to quantify temporal trends in measures of diversity. This resulted in a marked shift in focus for biodiversity measurement. We explore the developments in measuring biodiversity that was prompted by the 2010 target. We consider measures based on species proportions, and also explain why a geometric mean of relative abundance estimates was preferred to such measures for assessing progress towards the target. We look at the use of diversity profiles, and consider how species similarity can be incorporated into diversity measures. We also discuss measures of turnover that can be used to quantify shifts in community composition arising, for example, from climate change. © 2017, The Author(s). |
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UMR EcoFoG, AgroParisTech, Campus Agronomique, BP 316, Kourou, French Guiana, France |
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Cited By :1; Export Date: 2 November 2017 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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769 |
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Dejean, A.; Petitclerc, F.; Compin, A.; Azémar, F.; Corbara, B.; Delabie, J.H.C.; Leroy, C. |
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Hollow internodes permit a neotropical understory plant to shelter multiple mutualistic ant species, obtaining protection and nutrient provisioning (myrmecotrophy) |
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2017 |
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American Naturalist |
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American Naturalist |
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190 |
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5 |
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E124-E131 |
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Ant-plant relationships; Biotic protection; Mutualism; Myrmecotrophy; Stable isotopes; Tachia guianensis |
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The Neotropical understory plant Tachia guianensis (Gentianaceae)- known to shelter the colonies of several ant species in its hollow trunks and branches-does not provide them with food rewards (e.g., extrafloral nectar). We tested whether these ants are opportunistic nesters or whether mutualistic relationships exist as for myrmecophytes or plants sheltering ant colonies in specialized hollow structures in exchange for protection from enemies and/or nutrient provisioning (myrmecotrophy). We noted 37 ant species sheltering inside T. guianensis internodes, three of them accounting for 43.5% of the cases. They protect their host plants from leaf-cutting ant defoliation and termite damage because individuals devoid of associated ants suffered significantly more attacks. Using the stable isotope 15N, we experimentally showed that the tested ant species furnish their host plants with nutrients. Therefore, a mutualism exists. However, because it is associated with numerous ant species, T. guianensis can be considered a nonspecialized myrmecophyte. © 2017 by The University of Chicago. |
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Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, UMR botAnique et Modélisation de l’Archtecture des Plantes et des Végétations, Cirad, CNRS, INRA, Université de Montpellier, Boulevard de la Lironde, TA A-51/PS2, Montpellier cedex 5, Brazil |
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Export Date: 2 November 2017 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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768 |
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