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| Author |
Barthe, S.; Gugerli, F.; Barkley, N.A.; Maggia, L.; Cardi, C.; Scotti, I. |
| Title |
Always look on both sides: Phylogenetic information conveyed by simple sequence repeat allele sequences |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2012 |
Publication |
PLoS ONE |
Abbreviated Journal |
PLoS ONE |
| Volume |
7 |
Issue |
7 |
Pages |
e40699 |
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| Abstract |
Simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers are widely used tools for inferences about genetic diversity, phylogeography and spatial genetic structure. Their applications assume that variation among alleles is essentially caused by an expansion or contraction of the number of repeats and that, accessorily, mutations in the target sequences follow the stepwise mutation model (SMM). Generally speaking, PCR amplicon sizes are used as direct indicators of the number of SSR repeats composing an allele with the data analysis either ignoring the extent of allele size differences or assuming that there is a direct correlation between differences in amplicon size and evolutionary distance. However, without precisely knowing the kind and distribution of polymorphism within an allele (SSR and the associated flanking region (FR) sequences), it is hard to say what kind of evolutionary message is conveyed by such a synthetic descriptor of polymorphism as DNA amplicon size. In this study, we sequenced several SSR alleles in multiple populations of three divergent tree genera and disentangled the types of polymorphisms contained in each portion of the DNA amplicon containing an SSR. The patterns of diversity provided by amplicon size variation, SSR variation itself, insertions/deletions (indels), and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) observed in the FRs were compared. Amplicon size variation largely reflected SSR repeat number. The amount of variation was as large in FRs as in the SSR itself. The former contributed significantly to the phylogenetic information and sometimes was the main source of differentiation among individuals and populations contained by FR and SSR regions of SSR markers. The presence of mutations occurring at different rates within a marker's sequence offers the opportunity to analyse evolutionary events occurring on various timescales, but at the same time calls for caution in the interpretation of SSR marker data when the distribution of within-locus polymorphism is not known. |
| Address |
Unité Mixte de Recherche Ecologie des forêts de Guyane, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Kourou, French Guiana |
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19326203 (Issn) |
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Export Date: 30 July 2012; Source: Scopus; Art. No.: e40699; doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0040699; Language of Original Document: English; Correspondence Address: Scotti, I.; Unité Mixte de Recherche Ecologie des forêts de Guyane, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Kourou, French Guiana; email: ivan.scotti@ecofog.gf |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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416 |
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Dejean, A.; Corbara, B.; Azémar, F.; Carpenter, J.M. |
| Title |
When attempts at robbing prey turn fatal |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
2012 |
Publication |
Naturwissenschaften |
Abbreviated Journal |
Naturwissenschaften |
| Volume |
99 |
Issue |
7 |
Pages |
579-582 |
| Keywords |
Ant predation; Azteca andreae; Cleptobiosis; Flies and dung beetles; Myrmecophyte; Reduviidae; Socialwasps; Stinglessbees |
| Abstract |
Because group-hunting arboreal ants spread-eagle insect prey for a long time before retrieving them, these prey can be coveted by predatory flying insects. Yet, attempting to rob these prey is risky if the ant species is also an effective predator. Here, we show that trying to rob prey from Azteca andreae workers is a fatal error as 268 out of 276 potential cleptobionts (97.1 %) were captured in turn. The ant workers hunt in a group and use the “Velcro®” principle to cling firmly to the leaves of their host tree, permitting them to capture very large prey. Exceptions were one social wasp, plus some Trigona spp. workers and flies that landed directly on the prey and were able to take off immediately when attacked. We conclude that in this situation, previously captured prey attract potential cleptobionts that are captured in turn in most of the cases. © Springer-Verlag 2012. |
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Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th Street, New York, NY 10024, United States |
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00281042 (Issn) |
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Export Date: 30 July 2012; Source: Scopus; Coden: Natwa; doi: 10.1007/s00114-012-0929-x; Language of Original Document: English; Correspondence Address: Dejean, A.; CNRS, Écologie des Forêts de Guyane (UMR-CNRS 8172), Campus agronomique, BP 316, 97379 Kourou cedex, France; email: alain.dejean@wanadoo.fr |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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417 |
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Vincent, G.; Sabatier, D.; Blanc, L.; Chave, J.; Weissenbacher, E.; Pélissier, R.; Fonty, E.; Molino, J.-F.; Couteron, P. |
| Title |
Accuracy of small footprint airborne LiDAR in its predictions of tropical moist forest stand structure |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
2012 |
Publication |
Remote Sensing of Environment |
Abbreviated Journal |
Remote Sens. Environ. |
| Volume |
125 |
Issue |
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Pages |
23-33 |
| Keywords |
Basal area; Lidar; Tropical moist forest |
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We predict stand basal area (BA) from small footprint LiDAR data in 129 one-ha tropical forest plots across four sites in French Guiana and encompassing a great diversity of forest structures resulting from natural (soil and geological substrate) and anthropogenic effects (unlogged and logged forests). We use predictors extracted from the Canopy Height Model to compare models of varying complexity: single or multiple regressions and nested models that predict BA by independent estimates of stem density and quadratic mean diameter. Direct multiple regression was the most accurate, giving a 9.6% Root Mean Squared Error of Prediction (RMSEP). The magnitude of the various errors introduced during the data collection stage is evaluated and their contribution to MSEP is analyzed. It was found that these errors accounted for less than 10% of model MSEP, suggesting that there is considerable scope for model improvement. Although site-specific models showed lower MSEP than global models, stratification by site may not be the optimal solution. The key to future improvement would appear to lie in a stratification that captures variations in relations between LiDAR and forest structure. © 2012 Elsevier Inc. |
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ONF, Direction régionale de la Guyane, Cayenne, 97300 France |
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00344257 (Issn) |
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Export Date: 9 August 2012; Source: Scopus; Article in Press; Coden: Rseea; doi: 10.1016/j.rse.2012.06.019; Language of Original Document: English; Correspondence Address: Vincent, G.; IRD AMAP CIRAD, TA A-51/PS2, 34398 Montpellier cedex 5, Franceemail: gregoire.vincent@ird.fr |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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418 |
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Dubois-Fernandez, P.C.; Le Toan, T.; Daniel, S.; Oriot, H.; Chave, J.; Blanc, L.; Villard, L.; Davidson, M.W.J.; Petit, M. |
| Title |
The tropiSAR airborne campaign in French Guiana: Objectives, description, and observed temporal behavior of the backscatter signal |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
2012 |
Publication |
IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing |
Abbreviated Journal |
IEEE Trans Geosci Remote Sens |
| Volume |
50 |
Issue |
8 |
Pages |
3228-3241 |
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Forestry; interferometry; polarimetric synthetic aperture radar |
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The TropiSAR campaign has been conducted in August 2009 in French Guiana with the ONERA airborne radar system SETHI. The main objective of this campaign was to collect data to support the Phase A of the 7th Earth Explorer candidate mission, BIOMASS. Several specific questions needed to be addressed to consolidate the mission concept following the Phase 0 studies, and the data collection strategy was constructed accordingly. More specifically, a tropical forest data set was required in order to provide test data for the evaluation of the foreseen inversion algorithms and data products. The paper provides a description of the resulting data set which is now available through the European Space Agency website under the airborne campaign link. First results from the TropiSAR database analysis are presented with two in-depth analyses about both the temporal radiometric variation and temporal coherence at P-band. The temporal variations of the backscatter values are less than 0.5 dB throughout the campaign, and the coherence values are observed to stay high even after 22 days. These results are essential for the BIOMASS mission. The observed temporal stability of the backscatter is a good indicator of the expected robustness of the biomass estimation in tropical forests, from cross-polarized backscatter values as regarding environmental changes such as soil moisture. The high temporal coherence observed after a 22-day period is a prerequisite for SAR Polarimetric Interferometry and Tomographic applications in a single satellite configuration. The conclusion then summarizes the paper and identifies the next steps in the analysis. © 2012 IEEE. |
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Institut de Recherche Pour le Développement, 31062 Toulouse, France |
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01962892 (Issn) |
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Export Date: 9 August 2012; Source: Scopus; Art. No.: 6146421; Coden: Igrsd; doi: 10.1109/TGRS.2011.2180728; Language of Original Document: English; Correspondence Address: Dubois-Fernandez, P.C.; Office National d'Études et de Recherches Aérospatiales, Department of Electromagnetism and Radarh, 91761 Palaiseau, France; email: pdubois@onera.fr |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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419 |
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Thevenin, J.-M.; Rossi, V.; Ducamp, M.; Doare, F.; Condina, V.; Lachenaud, P. |
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Numerous clones resistant to Phytophthora palmivora in the “Guiana” genetic group of Theobroma cacao L |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
2012 |
Publication |
PLoS ONE |
Abbreviated Journal |
PLoS ONE |
| Volume |
7 |
Issue |
7 |
Pages |
e40915 |
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Cocoa black pod rot, a disease caused by Stramenopiles of the genus Phytophthora, and particularly by the pan-tropical species P. palmivora, causes serious production losses worldwide. In order to reduce the impact of these pests and diseases, preference is given to genetic control using resistant varieties and, to that end, breeders seek sources of resistance in wild cocoa trees. For instance, surveys of spontaneous cocoa trees in French Guiana between 1985 and 1995 led to the collection of abundant plant material forming a particular genetic group (the “Guiana” group). Following numerous one-off studies demonstrating the merits of this group as a source of resistance to Phytophthora, this article presents the results of a comprehensive study assessing the resistance of 186 “Guiana” clones in relation to the Guianan strain (GY 27) of P. palmivora. This study, undertaken in French Guiana, using an efficient methodology (ten series of tests and a statistical test adapted to the ordinal nature of the data) confirmed that the “Guiana” genetic group does indeed constitute an important source of resistance to P. palmivora, though with some variations depending on the demes of origin. Numerous clones (59) proved to be as resistant as the SCAVINA 6 resistance control, whilst nine were statistically more resistant. The “Resistant” and “Moderately Resistant” Guianan clones totalled 108 (58% of the total tested). Some of the clones more resistant than SCAVINA 6 could be incorporated into numerous cocoa breeding programmes, particularly those that also display other notable qualities. The same applies for numerous other clones equivalent to SCAVINA 6, especially the “elite”' clones GU 134-B, GU 139-A and GU 285-A. © 2012 Thevenin et al. |
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CIRAD, UMR BGPI, Montpellier, France |
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19326203 (Issn) |
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Export Date: 16 August 2012; Source: Scopus; Art. No.: e40915; doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0040915; Language of Original Document: English; Correspondence Address: Thevenin, J.-M.; CIRAD, UPR Bioagresseurs: Analyse et Maîtrise du Risque, Kourou, Guyane, France; email: jean-marc.thevenin@cirad.fr |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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423 |
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Zalamea, P.-C.; Heuret, P.; Sarmiento, C.; Rodríguez, M.; Berthouly, A.; Guitet, S.; Nicolini, E.; Delnatte, C.; Barthélémy, D.; Stevenson, P.R. |
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The genus Cecropia: A biological clock to estimate the age of recently disturbed areas in the neotropics |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
2012 |
Publication |
PLoS ONE |
Abbreviated Journal |
PLoS ONE |
| Volume |
7 |
Issue |
8 |
Pages |
e42643 |
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Forest successional processes following disturbance take decades to play out, even in tropical forests. Nonetheless, records of vegetation change in this ecosystem are scarce, increasing the importance of the chronosequence approach to study forest recovery. However, this approach requires accurate dating of secondary forests, which until now was a difficult and/or expensive task. Cecropia is a widespread and abundant pioneer tree genus of the Neotropics. Here we propose and validate a rapid and straightforward method to estimate the age of secondary forest patches based on morphological observations of Cecropia trees. We found that Cecropia-inferred ages were highly correlated with known ages of the forest. We also demonstrate that Cecropia can be used to accurately date disturbances and propose twenty-one species distributed all over the geographical range of the genus as potential secondary forest chronometer species. Our method is limited in applicability by the maximal longevity of Cecropia individuals. Although the oldest chronosequence used in this study was 20 years old, we argue that at least for the first four decades after disturbance, the method described in this study provides very accurate estimations of secondary forest ages. The age of pioneer trees provides not only information needed to calculate the recovery of carbon stocks that would help to improve forest management, but also provides information needed to characterize the initial floristic composition and the rates of species remigration into secondary forest. Our contribution shows how successional studies can be reliably and inexpensively extended without the need to obtain forest ages based on expensive or potentially inaccurate data across the Neotropics. © 2012 Zalamea et al. |
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Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Ancón, Panama |
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19326203 (Issn) |
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Export Date: 29 August 2012; Source: Scopus; Art. No.: e42643; doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0042643; Language of Original Document: English; Correspondence Address: Zalamea, P.-C.; Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Ancón, Panama; email: camilozalamea@gmail.com |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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424 |
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Courtois, E.A.; Baraloto, C.; Timothy Paine, C.E.; Petronelli, P.; Blandinieres, P.-A.; Stien, D.; Houel, E.; Bessiere, J.-M.; Chave, J. |
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Differences in volatile terpene composition between the bark and leaves of tropical tree species |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
2012 |
Publication |
Phytochemistry |
Abbreviated Journal |
Phytochemistry |
| Volume |
82 |
Issue |
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Pages |
81-88 |
| Keywords |
French Guiana; Herbivory; Optimal defense theory; Secondary metabolites; Wood |
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Volatile terpenes are among the most diverse class of defensive compounds in plants, and they are implicated in both direct and indirect defense against herbivores. In terpenes, both the quantity and the diversity of compounds appear to increase the efficiency of defense as a diverse blend of compounds provides a more efficient protection against a broader range of herbivores and limits the chances that an enemy evolves resistance. Theory predicts that plant defensive compounds should be allocated differentially among tissues according to the value of the tissue, its cost of construction and the herbivore pressure on it. We collected volatile terpenes from bark and leaves of 178 individual tree belonging to 55 angiosperm species in French Guiana and compare the kind, amount, and diversity of compounds in these tissues. We hypothesized that in woody plants, the outermost part of the trunk should hold a more diverse blend of volatile terpenes. Additionally, as herbivore communities associated with the leaves is different to the one associated with the bark, we also hypothesized that terpene blends should be distinct in the bark vs. the leaves of a given species. We found that the mixture of volatile terpenes released by bark is different and more diverse than that released by leaves, both in monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes. This supports our hypothesis and further suggests that the emission of terpenes by the bark should be more important for trunk defense than previously thought. |
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Station d'Écologie Expérimentale du CNRS Moulis, USR 2936, 2 route du CNRS, 09200 Moulis, France |
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00319422 (Issn) |
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Export Date: 4 September 2012; Source: Scopus; Coden: Pytca; doi: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2012.07.003; Language of Original Document: English; Correspondence Address: Courtois, E.A.; Station d'Écologie Expérimentale du CNRS Moulis, USR 2936, 2 route du CNRS, 09200 Moulis, France; email: courtoiselodie@gmail.com |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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425 |
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Ferry, B.; Bontemps, J.-D.; Blanc, L.; Baraloto, C. |
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Is climate a stronger driver of tree growth than disturbance? A comment on Toledo et al. (2011) |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
2012 |
Publication |
Journal of Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Ecol. |
| Volume |
100 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
1065-1068 |
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Basal area change; Bolivia; Climate; Disturbance; Logging; Plant-climate interactions; Tree growth; Tropical forest |
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1.A recent article published by Toledo (2011b) investigates the effects of spatial variations in climate and soil, and of logging disturbance, on tree and forest growth in Bolivia. It concludes that climate is the strongest driver of tree and forest growth and that climate change may therefore have large consequences for forest productivity and carbon sequestration. However, serious methodological and conceptual discrepancies have been found that challenge these conclusions. 2.Because of an errant coding of 'time after logging' in the regression analysis, and because floristic changes induced by logging could not be incorporated into the analysis, the effect of logging on the average diameter growth is likely to have been strongly underestimated. 3.Basal area growth was improperly calculated as basal area change, and it displayed surprisingly high values, even among unlogged plots. We hypothesize that either these plots may be actually located in secondary forests recovering from past logging, or measurement biases may have hampered the data set. 4.Regardless of climate-growth relationships established across these plots, any inference concerning the potential effects of climate change on forest growth would require a specific quantitative assessment. 5.Synthesis. It is critical to re-assess the relative weight of climate and logging disturbance as driving factors of tree and forest growth, and to find an explanation for the very high basal area increment reported among the unlogged plots. We provide specific recommendations for further analyses of this and similar data sets. © 2012 British Ecological Society. |
| Address |
INRA, UMR Ecologie des Forêts de Guyane, 97379 Kourou, French Guiana |
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00220477 (Issn) |
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Cited By (since 1996): 1; Export Date: 4 September 2012; Source: Scopus; Coden: Jecoa; doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2745.2011.01895.x; Language of Original Document: English; Correspondence Address: Ferry, B.; AgroParisTech, ENGREF-Nancy, UMR 1092, F-54000 Nancy, France; email: bruno.ferry@engref.agroparistech.fr |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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426 |
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Fromin, N.; Saby, N.P.A.; Lensi, R.; Brunet, D.; Porte, B.; Domenach, A.-M.; Roggy, J.-C. |
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Spatial variability of soil microbial functioning in a tropical rainforest of French Guiana using nested sampling |
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Journal Article |
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2013 |
Publication |
Geoderma |
Abbreviated Journal |
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197-198 |
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98-107 |
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Denitrification; Respiration; Scale dependent process; Soil microbial processes; Soil organic matter; Tree influence potential |
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Understanding the pattern in spatial distribution of soil microbial processes is critical to understand the environmental factors that regulate them as well as to scale up these processes to ecosystem. Soil samples from a 1. ha tropical rainforest plot (Paracou, French Guiana) were analyzed according a nested sampling approach using different separation distances ranging from 0.4 to 40. m. The variability of substrate induced respiration (SIR) and of denitrification enzyme activity (DEA) was characterized in relation to various soil properties (total C and N contents, NIRS related index of soil organic matter quality, SOMQ, and index of tree influence potential, IP). The variability of SIR and DEA was higher than that of environmental properties. The patterns of accumulated variance as a function of distance varied among the soil properties. The variability of SIR and DEA mainly occurred at small (1. m) scale (and at the 10-40. m-scales for SIR), probably reflecting the quality of litter input that results of the influence of local assemblage of different tree species, though changes in the soil N and C contents. Indeed, total soil C and N contents explained the microbial properties at every scale. Coefficients of codispersion showed that neither SOMQ nor IP did correlate with SIR and DEA, and confirmed that total C and N contents explained microbial properties in a scale dependent and complex manner. Such spatial dependency underlines the importance of soil heterogeneity in this tropical forest with implications for sampling strategies when studying the microbial processes and their response to disturbances. © 2012 Elsevier B.V. |
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UMR EcoFoG, BP 709, 97387 Kourou, GUF, France |
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Export Date: 13 February 2013; Source: Scopus |
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no |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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466 |
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Laurans, M.; Martin, O.; Nicolini, E.; Vincent, G. |
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Functional traits and their plasticity predict tropical trees regeneration niche even among species with intermediate light requirements |
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Journal Article |
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2012 |
Publication |
Journal of Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Ecol. |
| Volume |
100 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
1440-1452 |
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Canopy disturbance; Determinants of plant community diversity and structure; Growth rate; Irradiance; Leaf life span; Leaf mass per area; Niche differentiation; Phenotypic plasticity; Shade tolerance; Tropical moist forest |
| Abstract |
Niche differentiation is a key issue in the current debate on community assembly mechanisms. In highly diverse moist tropical forests, tree species sensitivity to canopy openness is thought to be a major axis in niche differentiation. In the past, the syndrome of traits driving the demographic trade-off involved in the niche-based theory of coexistence has always been established among species situated at the two extremities of the shade-tolerance gradient, even though most tropical tree species have intermediate light requirements. In addition, trait plasticity has seldom been linked to tropical tree species distribution along environmental gradients. This article examines covariations between leaf traits, whole-plant traits and niche parameters among 14 tree species with intermediate light requirements in French Guiana and across a range of canopy openness. Each functional trait measured under field conditions was characterized by a median value and a degree of plasticity expressed under contrasting light regimes. Niche differentiation was characterized in terms of spatial light gradient. We first examined covariations between functional traits then explored to what degree the median value and plasticity in functional traits could predict light niche characteristics at the sapling stage and the ontogenetic change in light availability estimated by adult stature. Leaf mass per area (LMA) was positively correlated with leaf life span (LLS); species with higher LMA and higher LLS displayed lower diameter growth rates (GRs) and lower responsiveness to canopy gap at both whole-plant and population levels. This proved that the relationships previously established over a broader range of species held true within the narrow range of the light requirements covered. Height GR plasticity accounted for 49% of the variation in light niche optimum. LMA plasticity, unlike LLS plasticity, was significantly correlated with light niche breadth and adult stature. Synthesis. This study demonstrates the relevance of considering the phenotypic plasticity in functional traits in community ecology, particularly for quantifying breadth of species distribution over environmental gradients. Our findings did not support Hubbell's hypothesis of functional equivalence and suggest that even a rather subtle variation in forest canopy disturbance promotes the coexistence of tropical tree species. © 2012 The Authors. Journal of Ecology © 2012 British Ecological Society. |
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UMR AMAP, IRD, TA A-51/PS2, Bd de la Lironde, France |
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00220477 (Issn) |
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Export Date: 7 November 2012; Source: Scopus; Coden: Jecoa; doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2745.2012.02007.x; Language of Original Document: English; Correspondence Address: Laurans, M.; UMR, AMAP, CIRAD TA A-51/PS1, Bd de la Lironde, 34398 Montpellier Cedex 5, France; email: laurans@cirad.fr |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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445 |
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