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Author Scotti, I.; González-Martínez, S.C.; Budde, K.B.; Lalague, H. url  openurl
  Title Fifty years of genetic studies: what to make of the large amounts of variation found within populations? Type Journal Article
  Year 2016 Publication Annals of Forest Science Abbreviated Journal Annals of Forest Science  
  Volume 73 Issue 1 Pages 69-75  
  Keywords Intra-specific variation; Microgeography; Natural selection; Population genomics  
  Abstract  
  Address INRA, UMR745 Ecologie des Forêts de Guyane, Campus Agronomique, Kourou, French Guiana  
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  Notes Export Date: 7 March 2016 Approved no  
  Call Number EcoFoG @ webmaster @ Serial 667  
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Author Thibaut, B.; Denaud, L.; Collet, R.; Marchal, R.; Beauchene, J.; Mothe, F.; Méausoone, P.-J.; Martin, P.; Larricq, P.; Eyma, F. url  openurl
  Title Wood machining with a focus on French research in the last 50 years Type Journal Article
  Year 2016 Publication Annals of Forest Science Abbreviated Journal Annals of Forest Science  
  Volume 73 Issue 1 Pages 163-184  
  Keywords Primary conversion; Secondary processing; Surface quality; Tool wear  
  Abstract Key message: Wood machining is compulsory both for timber separation and the surfacing of wooden objects. The anisotropy, cellular nature and multi-scale level organisation of wood make its cutting complicated to study. During the last 50 years, most of the wood machining subjects were covered by French teams. Context: Woodcutting is a very old technology but scientific research is scarce on the subject. In the last 50 years, much work on basic mechanisms as well as on industrial processes has been done in France. Aims: The specific nature of wood introduces strong differences between wood and metal cutting processes. The paper focuses on French teams’ contributions. Results: The basic aspects of the tool–material interaction for different basic modes in woodcutting are highlighted. In primary conversion such as sawing, veneer cutting or green wood chipping, huge progress comes from automation and the possibility of linking the process to log and product quality through new sensors. In secondary processing, much has been done on the links between the cutting process, surface qualification and the properties of these surfaces for further processing, such as gluing or coating. Tool wear depends on the cutting process, timber quality and species. Trade-offs are required in tool technology and coating technologies may improve tool life. Conclusion: A large amount of knowledge and innovation has come from 50 years of worldwide research effort, with France being particularly active in this period. The transfer of skills from metals cutting industry was often a key, but much is needed to move closer to both metal cutting sector and woodcutting skills among craftsmen. © 2015, INRA and Springer-Verlag France.  
  Address ICA, Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, Toulouse, France  
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  Notes Export Date: 7 March 2016 Approved no  
  Call Number EcoFoG @ webmaster @ Serial 668  
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Author Bonal, D.; Burban, B.; Stahl, C.; Wagner, F.; Herault, B. url  openurl
  Title The response of tropical rainforests to drought—lessons from recent research and future prospects Type Journal Article
  Year 2016 Publication Annals of Forest Science Abbreviated Journal Annals of Forest Science  
  Volume 73 Issue 1 Pages 27-44  
  Keywords Carbon; Climate; Drought; Global change; Growth; Mortality; Soil; Tropical; Water  
  Abstract Key message: We review the recent findings on the influence of drought on tree mortality, growth or ecosystem functioning in tropical rainforests. Drought plays a major role in shaping tropical rainforests and the response mechanisms are highly diverse and complex. The numerous gaps identified here require the international scientific community to combine efforts in order to conduct comprehensive studies in tropical rainforests on the three continents. These results are essential to simulate the future of these ecosystems under diverse climate scenarios and to predict the future of the global earth carbon balance. Context: Tropical rainforest ecosystems are characterized by high annual rainfall. Nevertheless, rainfall regularly fluctuates during the year and seasonal soil droughts do occur. Over the past decades, a number of extreme droughts have hit tropical rainforests, not only in Amazonia but also in Asia and Africa. The influence of drought events on tree mortality and growth or on ecosystem functioning (carbon and water fluxes) in tropical rainforest ecosystems has been studied intensively, but the response mechanisms are complex. Aims: Herein, we review the recent findings related to the response of tropical forest ecosystems to seasonal and extreme droughts and the current knowledge about the future of these ecosystems. Results: This review emphasizes the progress made over recent years and the importance of the studies conducted under extreme drought conditions or in through-fall exclusion experiments in understanding the response of these ecosystems. It also points to the great diversity and complexity of the response of tropical rainforest ecosystems to drought. Conclusion: The numerous gaps identified here require the international scientific community to combine efforts in order to conduct comprehensive studies in tropical forest regions. These results are essential to simulate the future of these ecosystems under diverse climate scenarios and to predict the future of the global earth carbon balance. © 2015, INRA and Springer-Verlag France.  
  Address National Institute for Space Research (INPE), São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil  
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  Notes Export Date: 7 March 2016 Approved no  
  Call Number EcoFoG @ webmaster @ Serial 669  
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Author Amusant, N.; Digeon, A.; Descroix, L.; Bruneau, O.; Bezard, V.; Beauchene, J. url  openurl
  Title Planting rosewood for sustainable essential oil production: Influence of surrounding forest and seed provenance on tree growth and essential oil yields Type Journal Article
  Year 2015 Publication Bois et Forets des Tropiques Abbreviated Journal Bois et Forets des Tropiques  
  Volume 326 Issue 4 Pages 57-65  
  Keywords Aniba rosaeodora Ducke; Dendrometric traits; Essential oil yield; French Guiana; Light effect; Plantation; Rosewood; Seed provenance  
  Abstract Essential oil from the Amazonian rosewood tree (Aniba rosaeodora Ducke) is valued as an important aromatic ingredient in luxury perfumes. Due to over-harvesting in recent decades, rosewood is now listed as an endangered species. Rosewood tree planting is now considered a viable alternative to logging as it can support both reforestation and sustainable agriculture thanks to sales of the essential oil extracted. We planted 605 rosewood trees in French Guiana from two seeds of local provenance, in a 5 445 m2 plot surrounded by primary forest. Nine years after planting, we assessed the effect of the position of the tree relative to the surrounding forest and of the seed provenance on dendrometric traits (height, circumference, above ground woody biomass) and hence on the yield of essential oil. Measurements were made on 99 trees. Average growth rates for the young trees were 0.7 m/year in height, 2.5 cm/year in stem circumference and 990.5 kg dry mass/ha/year in aboveground biomass, while essential oil yields ranged from 0.6% to 3.6% with a mean of 2.1%. The position of the tree relative to the surrounding forest was the main factor affecting tree growth and essential oil production: trees located close to the surrounding forest were significantly smaller and accumulated less essential oil due to the reduced availability of light. Seed provenance had less effect on dendrometric traits and essential oil yields. In conclusion, although planting practices will need to be adapted to avoid the edge effects of proximity to the forest, short-rotation cultivation of rosewood trees could be the optimum and most economically attractive system for the production of essential oil.  
  Address Office National des Forêts (ONF), Département R and D, Pôle de Cayenne, Réserve de Montabo, BP 87002, Cayenne Cedex, French Guiana  
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  Notes Export Date: 7 March 2016 Approved no  
  Call Number EcoFoG @ webmaster @ Serial 670  
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Author Dezerald, O.; Leroy, C.; Corbara, B.; Dejean, A.; Talaga, S.; Céréghino, R. doi  openurl
  Title Environmental drivers of invertebrate population dynamics in Neotropical tank bromeliads Type Journal Article
  Year 2017 Publication Freshwater Biology Abbreviated Journal Freshw Biol  
  Volume 62 Issue 2 Pages 229-242  
  Keywords food webs; freshwater invertebrates; growth rate; life history; rainforest  
  Abstract Tank bromeliads form a conspicuous, yet neglected freshwater habitat in Neotropical forests. Recent studies driven by interests in medical entomology, fundamental aspects of bromeliad ecology and experimental research on food webs have, however, prompted increasing interest in bromeliad aquatic ecosystems. As yet, there is nothing in the literature about the life histories and environmental drivers of invertebrate population dynamics in tank bromeliads.

Based on fortnightly samples taken over one year, size frequency plots and individual dry masses allowed us to establish the life cycles and growth rates of the dominant aquatic invertebrates in a common bromeliad species of French Guiana. Linear mixed-effect models and Mantel tests were used to predict changes in density, biomass, and growth rates in relation to temperature, rainfall, humidity and detrital resources.

Annual variations in invertebrate densities and biomasses could be described according to three types of distribution: unimodal, bimodal or almost constant. Despite seasonal variations, precipitation, temperature, relative humidity and detritus concentration accounted significantly for changes in density and biomass, but we found no significant responses in growth rates of most invertebrate species. Species rather displayed non-seasonal life cycles with overlapping cohorts throughout the year. There was also a trend for delayed abundance peaks among congeneric species sharing similar functional traits, suggesting temporal partitioning of available resources.

Beyond novel knowledge, quantitative information on life histories is important to predict food-web dynamics under the influence of external forcing and self-organisation. Our results suggest that changes in species distribution that will affect population dynamics through biotic interactions in space and/or time could have greater effects on food webs and ecosystem functioning than changes in environmental factors per se.
 
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  Call Number EcoFoG @ webmaster @ Serial 716  
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Author Roussel, J.-R.; Clair, B. url  openurl
  Title Evidence of the late lignification of the G-layer in Simarouba tension wood, to assist understanding how non-G-layer species produce tensile stress Type Journal Article
  Year 2015 Publication Tree Physiology Abbreviated Journal Tree Physiology  
  Volume 35 Issue 12 Pages 1366-1377  
  Keywords maturation stress generation; ontogeny; Simarouba amara Aubl.; tension wood cell wall; tree biomechanics  
  Abstract To recover verticality after disturbance, angiosperm trees produce 'tension wood' allowing them to bend actively. The driving force of the tension has been shown to take place in the G-layer, a specific unlignified layer of the cell wall observed in most temperate species. However, in tropical rain forests, the G-layer is often absent and the mechanism generating the forces to reorient trees remains unclear. A study was carried out on tilted seedlings, saplings and adult Simarouba amara Aubl. trees – a species known to not produce a G-layer. Microscopic observations were done on sections of normal and tension wood after staining or observed under UV light to assess the presence/absence of lignin. We showed that S. amara produces a cell-wall layer with all of the characteristics typical of G-layers, but that this G-layer can be observed only as a temporary stage of the cell-wall development because it is masked by a late lignification. Being thin and lignified, tension wood fibres cannot be distinguished from normal wood fibres in the mature wood of adult trees. These observations indicate that the mechanism generating the high tensile stress in tension wood is likely to be the same as that in species with a typical G-layer and also in species where the G-layer cannot be observed in mature cells. © 2015 The Author 2015. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved.  
  Address CNRS, UMR Ecologie des Forêts de Guyane (EcoFoG), Campus Agronomique, BP 701, Kourou, France  
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  Notes Export Date: 25 March 2016 Approved no  
  Call Number EcoFoG @ webmaster @ Serial 672  
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Author Bossu, J.; Beauchene, J.; Estevez, Y.; Duplais, C.; Clair, B. pdf  url
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  Title New insights on wood dimensional stability influenced by secondary metabolites: The case of a fast-growing tropical species Bagassa guianensis aubl Type Journal Article
  Year 2016 Publication PLoS ONE Abbreviated Journal PLoS ONE  
  Volume 11 Issue 3 Pages e0150777  
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  Abstract Challenging evaluation of tropical forest biodiversity requires the reporting of taxonomic diversity but also the systematic characterization of wood properties in order to discover new promising species for timber industry. Among wood properties, the dimensional stability is regarded as a major technological characteristic to validate whether a wood species is adapted to commercial uses. Cell structure and organization are known to influence the drying shrinkage making wood density and microfibrils angle markers of choice to predict wood dimensional stability. On the contrary the role of wood extractive content remains unclear. This work focuses on the fast-growing tropical species Bagassa guianensis and we report herein a correlation between heartwood drying shrinkage and extractive content. Chemical extractions and shrinkage experiments were performed on separate wood twin samples to better evaluate correctly how secondary metabolites influence the wood shrinkage behaviour. Extractive content were qualitatively and quantitatively analysed using HPLC and NMR spectroscopy. We found that B guianensis heartwood has a homogeneous low shrinkage along its radius that could not be explained only by its basic density. In fact the low drying shrinkage is correlated to the high extractive content and a corrected model to improve the prediction of wood dimensional stability is presented. Additionally NMR experiments conducted on sapwood and heartwood extracts demonstrate that secondary metabolites biosynthesis occurs in sapwood thus revealing B. guianensis as a Juglans-Type heartwood formation. This work demonstrates that B. guianensis, a fast-growing species associated with high durability and high dimensional stability, is a good candidate for lumber production and commercial purposes. © 2016 Bossu et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.  
  Address Cirad, UMR EcoFoG, AgroParisTech, CNRS, INRA, Université des Antilles, Université de Guyane, Kourou, France  
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  Notes Export Date: 18 April 2016 Approved no  
  Call Number EcoFoG @ webmaster @ Serial 673  
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Author Dejean, A.; Orivel, J.; Azémar, F.; Herault, B.; Corbara, B. pdf  url
doi  openurl
  Title A cuckoo-like parasitic moth leads African weaver ant colonies to their ruin Type Journal Article
  Year 2016 Publication Scientific Reports Abbreviated Journal Sci. Rep.  
  Volume 6 Issue Pages 23778  
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  Abstract In myrmecophilous Lepidoptera, mostly lycaenids and riodinids, caterpillars trick ants into transporting them to the ant nest where they feed on the brood or, in the more derived 'cuckoo strategy', trigger regurgitations (trophallaxis) from the ants and obtain trophic eggs. We show for the first time that the caterpillars of a moth (Eublemma albifascia; Noctuidae; Acontiinae) also use this strategy to obtain regurgitations and trophic eggs from ants (Oecophylla longinoda). Females short-circuit the adoption process by laying eggs directly on the ant nests, and workers carry just-hatched caterpillars inside. Parasitized colonies sheltered 44 to 359 caterpillars, each receiving more trophallaxis and trophic eggs than control queens. The thus-starved queens lose weight, stop laying eggs (which transport the pheromones that induce infertility in the workers) and die. Consequently, the workers lay male-destined eggs before and after the queen's death, allowing the colony to invest its remaining resources in male production before it vanishes.  
  Address Université Clermont Auvergne, Université Blaise Pascal (LMGE), Clermont-Ferrand, France  
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  Notes Export Date: 22 April 2016 Approved no  
  Call Number EcoFoG @ webmaster @ Serial 674  
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Author Fayad, I.; Baghdadi, N.; Bailly, J.-S.; Barbier, N.; Gond, V.; Herault, B.; El Hajj, M.; Fabre, F.; Perrin, J. pdf  url
doi  openurl
  Title Regional scale rain-forest height mapping using regression-kriging of spaceborne and airborne LiDAR data: Application on French Guiana Type Journal Article
  Year 2016 Publication Remote Sensing Abbreviated Journal Remote Sensing  
  Volume 8 Issue 3 Pages 240  
  Keywords Airborne LiDAR; Canopy height mapping; Forests; French Guiana; ICESat GLAS  
  Abstract LiDAR data has been successfully used to estimate forest parameters such as canopy heights and biomass. Major limitation of LiDAR systems (airborne and spaceborne) arises from their limited spatial coverage. In this study, we present a technique for canopy height mapping using airborne and spaceborne LiDAR data (from the Geoscience Laser Altimeter System (GLAS)). First, canopy heights extracted from both airborne and spaceborne LiDAR were extrapolated from available environmental data. The estimated canopy height maps using Random Forest (RF) regression from airborne or GLAS calibration datasets showed similar precisions (~6 m). To improve the precision of canopy height estimates, regression-kriging was used. Results indicated an improvement in terms of root mean square error (RMSE, from 6.5 to 4.2 m) using the GLAS dataset, and from 5.8 to 1.8 m using the airborne LiDAR dataset. Finally, in order to investigate the impact of the spatial sampling of future LiDAR missions on canopy height estimates precision, six subsets were derived from the initial airborne LiDAR dataset. Results indicated that using the regression-kriging approach a precision of 1.8 m on the canopy height map was achievable with a flight line spacing of 5 km. This precision decreased to 4.8 m for flight line spacing of 50 km. © 2016 by the authors.  
  Address BRGM, 3 Avenue Claude Guillemin, Orléans, France  
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  Notes Export Date: 22 April 2016 Approved no  
  Call Number EcoFoG @ webmaster @ Serial 675  
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Author Leitão, R.P.; Zuanon, J.; Villéger, S.; Williams, S.E.; Baraloto, C.; Fortunel, C.; Mendonça, F.P.; Mouillot, D. doi  openurl
  Title Rare species contribute disproportionately to the functional structure of species assemblages Type Journal Article
  Year 2016 Publication Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences Abbreviated Journal Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences  
  Volume 283 Issue 1828 Pages  
  Keywords Conservation; Extinction; Functional diversity; Null models; Rarity index; Tropical biodiversity  
  Abstract There is broad consensus that the diversity of functional traits within species assemblages drives several ecological processes. It is also widely recognized that rare species are the first to become extinct following human-induced disturbances. Surprisingly, however, the functional importance of rare species is still poorly understood, particularly in tropical species-rich assemblages where the majority of species are rare, and the rate of species extinction can be high. Here, we investigated the consequences of local and regional extinctions on the functional structure of species assemblages. We used three extensive datasets (stream fish from the Brazilian Amazon, rainforest trees from French Guiana, and birds from the Australian Wet Tropics) and built an integrative measure of species rarity versuscommonness, combining local abundance, geographical range, andhabitat breadth. Using different scenarios of species loss, we found a disproportionate impact of rare species extinction for the three groups, with significant reductions in levels of functional richness, specialization, and originality of assemblages, which may severely undermine the integrity of ecological processes. The whole breadth of functional abilities within species assemblages, which is disproportionately supported by rare species, is certainly critical in maintaining ecosystems particularly under the ongoing rapid environmental transitions. © 2016 The Author(s) Published by the Royal Society. All rights reserved.  
  Address Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia, Presidente Figueiredo, Brazil  
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  Notes Export Date: 7 May 2016 Approved no  
  Call Number EcoFoG @ webmaster @ Serial 676  
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