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Author |
Herault, B.; Ouallet, J.; Blanc, L.; Wagner, F.; Baraloto, C. |
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Title |
Growth responses of neotropical trees to logging gaps |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2010 |
Publication |
Journal of Applied Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Appl. Ecol. |
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Volume |
47 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
821-831 |
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Keywords |
canopy openings; functional traits; incidence function model; light partitioning; selective logging; tree growth rates; tropical rain forest |
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Abstract |
P>1. Modelling growth strategies among tropical trees is an important objective in predicting the response of tree dynamics to selective logging and in gaining insights into the ecological processes that structure tree communities in managed tropical forests. 2. We developed a disturbance index to model the effects of distance to and area of logging gaps on stem radial growth rates. This index was tested using census data of 43 neotropical tree species, representing a variety of life-history strategies and developmental stages, from a selectively logged forest at Paracou, French Guiana. Growth strategies were analyzed in light of two indicators: the inherent species growth rate (when disturbance index is null) and the species reaction (change in growth rate) to logging gaps. 3. Across species, the predicted inherent growth rates in unlogged forest ranged from 0 center dot 25 to 6 center dot 47 mm year-1, with an average growth of 2 center dot 29 mm year-1. Ontogenetic shifts in inherent growth rate were found in 26 of the 43 species. 4. Species growth response to logging gaps varied widely among species but was significantly positive for 27 species. The effect of ontogeny on growth response to logging was retained for 14 species, and species with inherent fast growth rate (5 mm year-1) responded less to logging gap disturbances than did species with slow inherent growth (1 mm year-1). 5. Functional traits explained 19-42% of the variation in the inherent growth rate and in species' response across all developmental stages. Whereas maximum diameters and seed mass were strong predictors of inherent growth rate, maximum height, wood density, mode of germination and stem architecture were additionally involved in tree growth response. 6. Synthesis and applications: This study provides a necessary framework for developing predictive post-logging growth models for the thousands of species comprising tropical forests and is sufficiently general to apply to a broad range of managed tropical forests. |
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[Herault, Bruno] Univ Antilles Guyane, UMR Ecol Forets Guyane, F-97387 Kourou, France, Email: bruno.herault@ecofog.gf |
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WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC |
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0021-8901 |
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ISI:000279405100012 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
53 |
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Author |
Ruiz-Gonzalez, M.X.; Corbara, B.; Leroy, C.; Dejean, A.; Orivel, J. |
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Title |
The Weaver Wasp: Spinning Fungus into a Nest |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2010 |
Publication |
Biotropica |
Abbreviated Journal |
Biotropica |
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Volume |
42 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
402-404 |
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Keywords |
Allomerus decemarticulatus; French Guiana; Hirtella physophora; nest architecture; Nitela constructor; wasp biology |
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Abstract |
Wasp nests range from simple to complex structures made of paper or mud. Here, we show that a Neotropical wasp of the genus Nitela builds its nest entirely by weaving endophytic fungal hyphae and spider silk harvested from the leaves growing in the understory of the rain forest in French Guiana. |
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Address |
[Ruiz-Gonzalez, Mario X.; Orivel, Jerome] Univ Toulouse, UPS, EDB, Lab Evolut & Divers Biol, F-31062 Toulouse, France, Email: orivel@cict.fr |
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WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC |
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0006-3606 |
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ISI:000279438900002 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
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54 |
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Author |
Baraloto, C.; Couteron, P. |
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Title |
Fine-scale Microhabitat Heterogeneity in a French Guianan Forest |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2010 |
Publication |
Biotropica |
Abbreviated Journal |
Biotropica |
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Volume |
42 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
420-428 |
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Keywords |
canopy gap; geostatistics; light availability; microclimate; soil moisture; soil nutrients; topography |
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Abstract |
We examined fine-scale heterogeneity of environmental conditions in a primary rain forest in French Guiana to describe variation in microhabitats that plants may experience during establishment. We characterized both the range as well as the spatial structuring of 11 environmental factors important for seedling establishment in six hexagonal sampling grids, one each in gap and understory sites at three points representing the predominant geomorphic units in this primary forest. Each grid contained 37 sampling points separated by 31 cm-20 m. Monte-Carlo tests of semivariograms against complete spatial randomness indicated that for many variables in all six sampling grids, spatial dependence did not exceed 1 m. A principal component analysis of all sampling points revealed a lack of spatial microhabitat structure, rather than homogeneous patches associated with canopy structure or geomorphology. Our results suggest that ample fine-scale spatial heterogeneity exists to support the coexistence of plant species with differential abiotic requirements for regeneration. |
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[Baraloto, Christopher] INRA, UMR Ecol Forets Guyane, F-97387 Kourou, France, Email: chris.baraloto@ecofog.gf |
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WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC |
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0006-3606 |
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ISI:000279438900005 |
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Call Number |
EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
55 |
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Author |
Schwalm, C.R.; Williams, C.A.; Schaefer, K.; Arneth, A.; Bonal, D.; Buchmann, N.; Chen, J.Q.; Law, B.E.; Lindroth, A.; Luyssaert, S.; Reichstein, M.; Richardson, A.D. |
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Title |
Assimilation exceeds respiration sensitivity to drought: A FLUXNET synthesis |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2010 |
Publication |
Global Change Biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Glob. Change Biol. |
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Volume |
16 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
657-670 |
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Keywords |
biome; carbon cycling; drought; eddy covariance; evaporative fraction; FLUXNET; synthesis |
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Abstract |
The intensification of the hydrological cycle, with an observed and modeled increase in drought incidence and severity, underscores the need to quantify drought effects on carbon cycling and the terrestrial sink. FLUXNET, a global network of eddy covariance towers, provides dense data streams of meteorological data, and through flux partitioning and gap filling algorithms, estimates of net ecosystem productivity (F-NEP), gross ecosystem productivity (P), and ecosystem respiration (R). We analyzed the functional relationship of these three carbon fluxes relative to evaporative fraction (EF), an index of drought and site water status, using monthly data records from 238 micrometeorological tower sites distributed globally across 11 biomes. The analysis was based on relative anomalies of both EF and carbon fluxes and focused on drought episodes by biome and climatic season. Globally P was approximate to 50% more sensitive to a drought event than R. Network-wide drought-induced decreases in carbon flux averaged -16.6 and -9.3 g C m-2 month-1 for P and R, i.e., drought events induced a net decline in the terrestrial sink. However, in evergreen forests and wetlands drought was coincident with an increase in P or R during parts of the growing season. The most robust relationships between carbon flux and EF occurred during climatic spring for F-NEP and in climatic summer for P and R. Upscaling flux sensitivities to a global map showed that spatial patterns for all three carbon fluxes were linked to the distribution of croplands. Agricultural areas exhibited the highest sensitivity whereas the tropical region had minimal sensitivity to drought. Combining gridded flux sensitivities with their uncertainties and the spatial grid of FLUXNET revealed that a more robust quantification of carbon flux response to drought requires additional towers in all biomes of Africa and Asia as well as in the cropland, shrubland, savannah, and wetland biomes globally. |
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Address |
[Schwalm, Christopher R.; Williams, Christopher A.] Clark Univ, Grad Sch Geog, Worcester, MA 01610 USA, Email: cschwalm@clarku.edu |
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WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC |
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ISSN |
1354-1013 |
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Notes |
ISI:000274419400014 |
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no |
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Call Number |
EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
69 |
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Author |
Baraloto, C.; Paine, C.E.T.; Patino, S.; Bonal, D.; Herault, B.; Chave, J. |
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Title |
Functional trait variation and sampling strategies in species-rich plant communities |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2010 |
Publication |
Functional Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Funct. Ecol. |
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Volume |
24 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
208-216 |
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Keywords |
French Guiana; functional diversity; plant traits; specific leaf area; wood density; sampling design; tropical forest |
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Abstract |
P> Despite considerable interest in the application of plant functional traits to questions of community assembly and ecosystem structure and function, there is no consensus on the appropriateness of sampling designs to obtain plot-level estimates in diverse plant communities. We measured 10 plant functional traits describing leaf and stem morphology and ecophysiology for all trees in nine 1-ha plots in terra firme lowland tropical rain forests of French Guiana (N = 4709). We calculated, by simulation, the mean and variance in trait values for each plot and each trait expected under seven sampling methods and a range of sampling intensities. Simulated sampling methods included a variety of spatial designs, as well as the application of existing data base values to all individuals of a given species. For each trait in each plot, we defined a performance index for each sampling design as the proportion of resampling events that resulted in observed means within 5% of the true plot mean, and observed variance within 20% of the true plot variance. The relative performance of sampling designs was consistent for estimations of means and variances. Data base use had consistently poor performance for most traits across all plots, whereas sampling one individual per species per plot resulted in relatively high performance. We found few differences among different spatial sampling strategies; however, for a given strategy, increased intensity of sampling resulted in markedly improved accuracy in estimates of trait mean and variance. We also calculated the financial cost of each sampling design based on data from our 'every individual per plot' strategy and estimated the sampling and botanical effort required. The relative performance of designs was strongly positively correlated with relative financial cost, suggesting that sampling investment returns are relatively constant. Our results suggest that trait sampling for many objectives in species-rich plant communities may require the considerable effort of sampling at least one individual of each species in each plot, and that investment in complete sampling, though great, may be worthwhile for at least some traits. |
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Address |
[Baraloto, Christopher; Patino, Sandra; Bonal, Damien] INRA, UMR Ecol Forets Guyane, F-97387 Kourou, French Guiana, Email: chris.baraloto@ecofog.gf |
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WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC |
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ISSN |
0269-8463 |
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Notes |
ISI:000273455500024 |
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no |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
72 |
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Author |
Foucaud, J.; Orivel, J.; Loiseau, A.; Delabie, J.H.C.; Jourdan, H.; Konghouleux, D.; Vonshak, M.; Tindo, M.; Mercier, J.L.; Fresneau, D.; Mikissa, J.B.; McGlynn, T.; Mikheyev, A.S.; Oettler, J.; Estoup, A. |
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Title |
Worldwide invasion by the little fire ant: routes of introduction and eco-evolutionary pathways |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2010 |
Publication |
Evolutionary Applications |
Abbreviated Journal |
Evol. Appl. |
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Volume |
3 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
363-374 |
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Keywords |
biological invasion; introduction routes; parthenogenesis; reproduction system; Wasmannia auropunctata |
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Abstract |
Biological invasions are generally thought to occur after human aided migration to a new range. However, human activities prior to migration may also play a role. We studied here the evolutionary genetics of introduced populations of the invasive ant Wasmannia auropunctata at a worldwide scale. Using microsatellite markers, we reconstructed the main routes of introduction of the species. We found three main routes of introduction, each of them strongly associated to human history and trading routes. We also demonstrate the overwhelming occurrence of male and female clonality in introduced populations of W. auropunctata, and suggest that this particular reproduction system is under selection in human-modified habitats. Together with previous researches focused on native populations, our results suggest that invasive clonal populations may have evolved within human modified habitats in the native range, and spread further from there. The evolutionarily most parsimonious scenario for the emergence of invasive populations of the little fire ant might thus be a two-step process. The W. auropunctata case illustrates the central role of humans in biological change, not only due to changes in migration patterns, but also in selective pressures over species. |
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[Foucaud, Julien; Loiseau, Anne; Jourdan, Herve; Konghouleux, Djoel; Estoup, Arnaud] Montpellier SupAgro, INRA, UMR CBGP, IRD,Cirad, F-34988 Montferrier Sur Lez, France, Email: julien.foucaud@legs.cnrs-gif.fr |
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WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC |
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1752-4571 |
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ISI:000278913600004 |
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no |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
79 |
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Author |
Ferrer, A.; Dixon, A.F.; Gibernau, M.; Hemptinne, J.L. |
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Title |
Ovarian dynamics and specialisation in ladybirds |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2010 |
Publication |
Ecological Entomology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ecol. Entomol. |
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Volume |
35 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
100-103 |
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Keywords |
Ladybird beetles; oocyte resorption; ovarian dynamics; specialisation |
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Abstract |
2. This hypothesis was tested by comparing a generalist and a specialist ladybird species belonging to the same genus. 3. A resorption index was calculated for females of both species subjected to several starvation regimes. This index indicated that over a period of fasting of 3 days, the intensity of resorption was greater in the generalist than the specialist. When food was again supplied, oogenesis resumed and within 1 day was faster in the generalist than in the specialist. 4. As predicted, the resorption of oocytes and replenishment occurred faster in the generalist than in the specialist species. This is the first time, to our knowledge, that the speed and intensity of the ovarian dynamics of a predatory insect have been linked to its way of life. |
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[Ferrer, Aurelie; Hemptinne, Jean-Louis] Univ Toulouse ENFAT, CNRS, UMR 5174, F-31326 Castanet Tolosan, France, Email: jean-louis.hemptinne@educagri.fr |
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WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC |
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ISSN |
0307-6946 |
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Notes |
ISI:000273454300013 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
86 |
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Author |
Ferry, B.; Morneau, F.; Bontemps, J.D.; Blanc, L.; Freycon, V. |
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Title |
Higher treefall rates on slopes and waterlogged soils result in lower stand biomass and productivity in a tropical rain forest |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2010 |
Publication |
Journal of Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Ecol. |
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Volume |
98 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
106-116 |
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Keywords |
biomass; community ecology; growth; mortality; productivity; soil waterlogging; topography; treefall; tropical moist forest; wood density |
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Abstract |
P>1. Relationships between tropical rain forest biomass and environmental factors have been determined at regional scales, e.g. the Amazon Basin, but the reasons for the high variability in forest biomass at local scales are poorly understood. Interactions between topography, soil properties, tree growth and mortality rates, and treefalls are a likely reason for this variability. 2. We used repeated measurements of permanent plots in lowland rain forest in French Guiana to evaluate these relationships. The plots sampled topographic gradients from hilltops to slopes to bottomlands, with accompanying variation in soil waterlogging along these gradients. Biomass was calculated for > 175 tree species in the plots, along with biomass productivity and recruitment rates. Mortality was determined as standing dead and treefalls. 3. Treefall rates were twice as high in bottomlands as on hilltops, and tree recruitment rates, radial growth rates and the abundance of light-demanding tree species were also higher. 4. In the bottomlands, the mean wood density was 10% lower than on hilltops, the basal area 29% lower and the height:diameter ratio of trees was lower, collectively resulting in a total woody biomass that was 43% lower in bottomlands than on hilltops. 5. Biomass productivity was 9% lower in bottomlands than on hilltops, even though soil Olsen P concentrations were higher in bottomlands. 6. Synthesis. Along a topographic gradient from hilltops to bottomlands there were higher rates of treefall, which decreased the stand basal area and favoured lower allocation to height growth and recruitment of light-demanding species with low wood density. The resultant large variation in tree biomass along the gradient shows the importance of determining site characteristics and including these characteristics when scaling up biomass estimates from stand to local or regional scales. |
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[Ferry, Bruno; Morneau, Francois; Bontemps, Jean-Daniel] AgroParisTech, ENGREF Nancy, UMR 1092, CS 14216, F-54000 Nancy, France, Email: bruno.ferry@engref.agroparistech.fr |
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WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC |
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0022-0477 |
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ISI:000272657400012 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
87 |
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Author |
Gonzalez, M.A.; Roger, A.; Courtois, E.A.; Jabot, F.; Norden, N.; Paine, C.E.T.; Baraloto, C.; Thebaud, C.; Chave, J. |
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Title |
Shifts in species and phylogenetic diversity between sapling and tree communities indicate negative density dependence in a lowland rain forest |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2010 |
Publication |
Journal of Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Ecol. |
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Volume |
98 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
137-146 |
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Keywords |
APG II plus rbcL megatree; density dependence; DNA barcoding; French Guiana; phylogenetic diversity; species diversity; tropical plant communities |
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Abstract |
P>1. As trees in a given cohort progress through ontogeny, many individuals die. This risk of mortality is unevenly distributed across species because of many processes such as habitat filtering, interspecific competition and negative density dependence. Here, we predict and test the patterns that such ecological processes should inscribe on both species and phylogenetic diversity as plants recruit from saplings to the canopy. 2. We compared species and phylogenetic diversity of sapling and tree communities at two sites in French Guiana. We surveyed 2084 adult trees in four 1-ha tree plots and 943 saplings in sixteen 16-m2 subplots nested within the tree plots. Species diversity was measured using Fisher's alpha (species richness) and Simpson's index (species evenness). Phylogenetic diversity was measured using Faith's phylogenetic diversity (phylogenetic richness) and Rao's quadratic entropy index (phylogenetic evenness). The phylogenetic diversity indices were inferred using four phylogenetic hypotheses: two based on rbcLa plastid DNA sequences obtained from the inventoried individuals with different branch lengths, a global phylogeny available from the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group, and a combination of both. 3. Taxonomic identification of the saplings was performed by combining morphological and DNA barcoding techniques using three plant DNA barcodes (psbA-trnH, rpoC1 and rbcLa). DNA barcoding enabled us to increase species assignment and to assign unidentified saplings to molecular operational taxonomic units. 4. Species richness was similar between saplings and trees, but in about half of our comparisons, species evenness was higher in trees than in saplings. This suggests that negative density dependence plays an important role during the sapling-to-tree transition. 5. Phylogenetic richness increased between saplings and trees in about half of the comparisons. Phylogenetic evenness increased significantly between saplings and trees in a few cases (4 out of 16) and only with the most resolved phylogeny. These results suggest that negative density dependence operates largely independently of the phylogenetic structure of communities. 6. Synthesis. By contrasting species richness and evenness across size classes, we suggest that negative density dependence drives shifts in composition during the sapling-to-tree transition. In addition, we found little evidence for a change in phylogenetic diversity across age classes, suggesting that the observed patterns are not phylogenetically constrained. |
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Address |
[Gonzalez, Mailyn A.; Roger, Aurelien; Courtois, Elodie A.; Jabot, Franck; Norden, Natalia; Thebaud, Christophe; Chave, Jerome] Univ Toulouse 3, Lab Evolut & Diversite Biol, UMR 5174, CNRS, F-31062 Toulouse, France, Email: gonzalez.mailyn@gmail.com |
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WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC |
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0022-0477 |
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ISI:000272657400015 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
88 |
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Author |
Barriault, I.; Barabe, D.; Cloutier, L.; Gibernau, M. |
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Title |
Pollination ecology and reproductive success in Jack-in-the-pulpit (Arisaema triphyllum) in Quebec (Canada) |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2010 |
Publication |
Plant Biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Plant Biol. |
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Volume |
12 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
161-171 |
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Keywords |
Araceae; bisexual inflorescence; deceptive pollination; Mycetophilidae; pollen load; Thysanoptera; visitation rates |
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Abstract |
Pollination ecology and reproductive success of Jack-in-the-pulpit (Arisaema triphyllum) were studied in two natural populations in Quebec, Canada. Individual A. triphyllum plants can be of three types: male, female or bisexual. In both populations studied, the presence of bisexual inflorescences was not negligible (13%), where 'female' and 'male' bisexual plants were categorised according to the relative number of stamens and ovaries. 'Male bisexual' plants produce only pollen and 'female bisexual' plants produce only fruit. Hence, A. triphyllum is a true dioecious plant, as each plant only reproduces through either the male or the female function. 'Female bisexual' plants were equivalent to female plants in terms of visitation rate by insects, fructification rate and production of berries and seeds. Neither agamospermy in female plants nor self-pollination in 'female bisexual' plants was found, thus A. triphyllum relies on insects for cross-pollination. Despite the long flowering cycle, a low visitation rate was documented: only 20-40% of inflorescences were visited, according to gender, by a mean of 1.5 insects. In this study, Mycetophilidae represented the most generically diversified and abundant family, as well as the most efficient insect pollinator, especially the genera Docosia and Mycetophila. |
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Address |
[Gibernau, M.] Univ Toulouse 3, Lab Evolut & Divers Biol, UMR, CNRS, F-31062 Toulouse 9, France, Email: gibernau@cict.fr |
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Publisher |
WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC |
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Series Volume |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
1435-8603 |
ISBN |
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Notes |
ISI:000272589700017 |
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no |
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Call Number |
EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
Serial |
89 |
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