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Rutishauser, E.; Barthelemy, D.; Blanc, L.; Nicolini, E.A. |
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Title |
Crown fragmentation assessment in tropical trees: Method, insights and perspectives |
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Journal Article |
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2011 |
Publication  |
Forest Ecology and Management |
Abbreviated Journal |
For. Ecol. Manage. |
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261 |
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3 |
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400-407 |
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Crown assessment; Crown fragmentation; Tree mortality; Forest dynamics |
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Decreasing growth rate (Feeley et al., 2007) and large die-back due to drought (Phillips et al., 2009) suggest that tropical forests are suffering recent climate changes. Forest vulnerability to external factors (e.g. air pollution, acid rain) is widely studied in northern countries, while only a few attempts have investigated crown integrity in the Tropics. The method needs to be generic enough to account for the large number of species and crown shapes encountered in tropical forests. In the present study, we developed and tested a novel field method that estimates crown fragmentation (main branch mortality (MB) and secondary branch mortality (SB)), liana infestation (LI) and crown position (CP) in the canopy. The relationship between crown fragmentation and annual growth rate (agr) was investigated through multiple regression. Six out of eight canopy tree species showed significant growth decline with increasing crown fragmentation. Higher probability of death was also found in trees with severe crown fragmentation. The capacity of such crown assessment to depict tree vitality in a forest stand is discussed along with potential applications in both forest science and management. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. |
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[Rutishauser, Ervan; Eric-Andre, Nicolini] Cirad UMR AMAP, F-34398 Montpellier 5, France, Email: er.rutishauser@gmail.com |
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ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV |
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0378-1127 |
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ISI:000287333000009 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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293 |
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Sist, P.; Sheil, D.; Kartawinata, K.; Priyadi, H. |
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Title |
Reduced-impact logging in Indonesian Borneo: some results confirming the need for new silvicultural prescriptions |
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Journal Article |
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2003 |
Publication |
Forest Ecology and Management |
Abbreviated Journal |
For. Ecol. Manage. |
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179 |
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1-3 |
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415-427 |
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Reduced-impact logging (RIL) and conventional techniques (CNV) were compared in a mixed dipterocarp hill forest in East Kalimantan in three blocks of about 100 ha each. Damage was evaluated using pre- and post-harvesting assessments in 24 one-hectare sample plots. RIL techniques nearly halved the number of trees destroyed (36 vs 60 trees/ha). RIL's main benefit was in the reduction of skidding damage (9.5% of the original tree population in RIL vs 25% in CNV). Before logging, mean canopy openness in CNV (three plots only) and RIL (9 plots) was similar (3.6 and 3.1%) and not significantly different (x(2) = 2.73, P = 0.254). After logging, the mean canopy openness was 19.2% in CNV (n = 9 plots) and 13.3% in RIL (n = 8 plots), and the distributions of the canopy class in RIL and CNV significantly different x(2) = 43.56, P < 0.001). CNV plots showed a higher proportion of measurements in the most open class greater than or equal to30% than in RIL. At a larger scale, the area of skidtrail per unit timber volume extracted was halved in the RIL compartment (15 m(2) vs 27 m(2) m(-3) for CNV). However, under high felling intensity (>8 trees/ha), both stand damage and canopy disturbance in RIL approached those recorded in CNV under low or moderate felling regime. Over this felling intensity threshold the effectiveness of RIL in reducing tree damage is limited. In mixed dipterocarp forest where harvestable timber density generally exceeds 10 trees/ha, a minimum diameter felling limit is clearly insufficient to keep extraction rates below 8 trees/ha. Based on these new results and previous studies in Borneo, we suggest three silvicultural rules: (1) to keep a minimum distance between stumps of ca. 40 m, (2) to ensure only single tree gaps using directional felling, (3) to harvest only stems with 60-100 cm dbh. Foresters, policy makers and certifiers should consider these as criteria for sustainable forest management. We emphasise the need to expand harvesting studies to look at impacts and trade-offs across larger forest landscapes, to expand RIL beyond silvicultural concepts and to include the maintenance of other forest goods and services. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. |
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0378-1127 |
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WOS:000183836300033 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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311 |
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Sist, P.; Nguyen-The, N. |
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Logging damage and the subsequent dynamics of a dipterocarp forest in East Kalimantan (1990-1996) |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2002 |
Publication |
Forest Ecology and Management |
Abbreviated Journal |
For. Ecol. Manage. |
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165 |
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1-3 |
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85-103 |
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The effects of logging damage on forest dynamics processes were assessed in a lowland dipterocarp forest of East Kalimantan, Indonesia. From 1990 to 1991, twelve 4 ha plots (200 m x 200 m) each divided into four I ha subplots were set up and all trees with dbh greater than or equal to 10 cm measured and identified at least at the generic level. Logging was carried out from November 1991 to March 1992 in nine plots while three plots served as control. The 48 subplots were grouped according to the proportion Of remaining basal area after harvesting, as follows: group I with more than 80% of the original basal area remaining, group 2 with 70-79%, group 3 with less than 70%, and group 4 as control plots. Remeasurements were carried out just after logging in 1992 and then every 2 years until 1996. Felling intensity varied from I to 17 stems ha(-1) (50-250 m(3) ha(-1)). In primary forest, mean annual mortality remained constant to 1.5% per year throughout the study period while mean annual mortality rate was significantly higher in logged-over forest (2.6% per year). This higher rate resulted from a higher mortality of injured trees (4.9% per year). Four years after logging, mortality rates in logged-over and primary forest were similar. Recruitment remained constant at 8 trees ha(-1) per year in primary forest and varied from 14 to 32 trees ha(-1) per year in logged-over stand in proportion with the amount of damage. In stands with the lowest remaining basal area, the establishment and growth of dipterocarps was strongly limited by the strong regeneration of pioneer species. This study suggests that total basal area removed by logging in primary forest (harvested trees and trees killed during felling and skidding) should not exceed 15% of the original one; reduced-impact logging (RIL) techniques applied with a maximum harvesting intensity of 8 trees ha(-1), can keep logging damage under this threshold. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. |
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0378-1127 |
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WOS:000176620100008 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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312 |
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Rockwell, C.A.; Kainer, K.A.; d'Oliveira, M.V.N.; Staudhammer, C.L.; Baraloto, C. |
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Title |
Logging in bamboo-dominated forests in southwestern Amazonia: Caveats and opportunities for smallholder forest management |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2014 |
Publication |
Forest Ecology and Management |
Abbreviated Journal |
For. Ecol. Manage. |
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315 |
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202-210 |
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Bamboo; Community forest management; Guadua; Logging; Timber management; Tropical forest |
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Guadua sarcocarpa and Guadua weberbaueri (Poaceae: Bambuseae) have a negative influence on tree regeneration and recruitment in bamboo-dominated forests of southwestern Amazonia. The lack of advanced regeneration and sparse canopy in this forest type present a considerable challenge for developing sustainable timber management plans. We conducted field studies in the Porto Dias Agroextractive Settlement Project in Acre, Brazil to assess influences of logging in bamboo-dominated forest sites. Taxonomic composition, stand structure, aboveground biomass, commercial timber volume, and commercial tree seedling and bamboo culm density were compared between five logged vs. unlogged sites in different landholdings, using modified 0.5. ha Gentry plots. No differences in taxonomic composition, aboveground biomass, adult and juvenile stem density, or woody seedling and bamboo culm density were detected between paired logged and unlogged sites. Commercial timber volume, however, was reduced by almost two-thirds in logged plots, suggesting that long-term timber management goals in this forest type are compromised since so few future crop trees remained onsite. Our findings indicate that in order to maximize local management objectives, community forest managers must approach logging in bamboo-dominated forests with caution. We suggest an integration of non-timber forest product extraction with low harvest intensity and low-impact logging, tending of natural regeneration, and diversification of commercial species. © 2014 Elsevier B.V. |
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INRA, UMR Ecologie des Forêts de Guyane, 97387 Kourou Cedex, French Guiana |
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03781127 (Issn) |
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Export Date: 15 February 2014; Source: Scopus; Coden: Fecmd; Language of Original Document: English; Correspondence Address: Rockwell, C.A.; School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States; email: rockwell_cara@yahoo.com; Funding Details: DGE-0221599, NSF, National Science Foundation |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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528 |
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Laurans, M.; Herault, B.; Vieilledent, G.; Vincent, G. |
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Title |
Vertical stratification reduces competition for light in dense tropical forests |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2014 |
Publication |
Forest Ecology and Management |
Abbreviated Journal |
For. Ecol. Manage. |
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329 |
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79-88 |
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Keywords |
Adult stature; French Guiana; Hierarchical bayesian model; Local crowding; Niche partitioning; Bayesian networks; Growth rate; Adult stature; French Guiana; Hierarchical Bayesian modeling; Local crowding; Niche partitioning; Reforestation |
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Differential growth response to light level is widely accepted as a potential mechanism for maintaining tree species richness in tropical forests. The position of tree species in the hierarchy of the canopy is considered an important indicator of species light capture and growth strategy. Paradoxically, the relative importance of species identity and competition for light in determining individual tree growth is poorly documented at the adult stage. In this study, we used a hierarchical Bayesian model to quantify the overall importance of species identity, light and belowground competition as determinants of tree growth in French Guiana tropical forest. Light competitive status is assessed by a crown exposure score and below ground competition is estimated from local crowding. We examined species sensitivity to both types of competition in relation to adult stature. Our results are based on annual diameter increments of more than 13,510 stems from 282 species monitored over 10years. Mean annual growth rate was 0.11cmy-1 with species identity explaining 35% of the individual variation in growth rate. Crown exposure and local crowding explained 3.5% and 2.4% of the variation in growth rate, respectively. Predicted changes in growth rate as crown exposure (resp. local crowding) index changed from lower to upper interquartile level was 0.03cmy-1 (resp. 0.02cmy-1). Species sensitivity to crown exposure and to local crowding were positively correlated (i) with predicted growth rate at high-light standardized conditions and (ii) with adult stature.This vertical niche partitioning is invoked to explain the limited contribution made by level of light competition for predicting individual tropical tree growth as the community-level response is dominated by the abundance of small-statured species with low sensitivity to light level.Light appears to drive the stem growth rate of tropical trees through species differentiation more than through individual tree growth limitation. This vertical stratification complements the previously reported regeneration niche and together these provide evidence for light niche partitioning in the three-dimensional space of tropical forests. © 2014 Elsevier B.V. |
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IRD, UMR AMAP, TA A-51/PS1, Bd de la Lironde, 34398 Montpellier Cedex 5, France |
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Elsevier |
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03781127 (Issn) |
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Export Date: 30 July 2014; Coden: Fecmd; Correspondence Address: Laurans, M.; CIRAD, UMR AMAP, TA A-51/PS1, Bd de la Lironde, 34398 Montpellier Cedex 5, France; email: laurans@cirad.fr |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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551 |
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Guitet, S.; Sabatier, D.; Brunaux, O.; Herault, B.; Aubry-Kientz, M.; Molino, J.-F.; Baraloto, C. |
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Estimating tropical tree diversity indices from forestry surveys: A method to integrate taxonomic uncertainty |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2014 |
Publication |
Forest Ecology and Management |
Abbreviated Journal |
For. Ecol. Manage. |
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328 |
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270-281 |
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Keywords |
Diversity; French guiana; Landscape scale; Monte-Carlo process; Rainforest; Tree community; Reliability; Surveys; Timber; Uncertainty analysis; Diversity; French Guiana; Landscape scale; Rainforest; Tree community; Forestry; estimation method; forest inventory; herbarium; landscape; numerical model; species diversity; taxonomy; uncertainty analysis; Forestry; Forests; Reliability; Surveys; French Guiana |
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Analyses of tree diversity and community composition in tropical rain forests are usually based either on general herbarium data or on a restricted number of botanical plots. Despite their high taxonomic accuracy, both types of data are difficult to extrapolate to landscape scales. Meanwhile, forestry surveys provide quantitative occurrence data on large areas, and are thus increasingly used for landscape-scale analyses of tree diversity. However, the reliability of these approaches has been challenged because of the ambiguity of the common (vernacular) names used by foresters and the complexity of tree taxonomy in those hyper-diverse communities.We developed and tested a novel approach to evaluate taxonomic reliability of forestry surveys and to propagate the resulting uncertainty in the estimates of several diversity indicators (alpha and beta entropy, Fisher-alpha and Sørensen similarity). Our approach is based on Monte-Carlo processes that simulate communities by taking into account the expected accuracy and reliability of common names. We tested this method in French Guiana, on 9 one-hectare plots (4279 trees – DBH. ≥. 10. cm) for which both common names and standardized taxonomic determinations were available. We then applied our method of community simulation on large forestry inventories (560. ha) at the landscape scale and compared the diversity indices obtained for 10 sites with those computed from precise botanical determination situated at the same localities.We found that taxonomic reliability of forestry inventories varied from 22% (species level) to 83% (family level) in this Amazonian region. Indices computed directly with raw forestry data resulted in incorrect values, except for Gini-Simpson beta-diversity. On the contrary, our correction method provides more accurate diversity estimates, highly correlated with botanical measurements, for almost all diversity indices at both regional and local scales. We obtained a robust ranking of sites consistent with those shown by botanical inventories.These results show that (i) forestry inventories represent a significant part of taxonomic information, (ii) the relative diversity of regional sites can be successfully ranked using forestry inventory data using our method and (iii) forestry inventories can valuably contribute to the detection of large-scale diversity patterns when biases are well-controlled and corrected.The tools we developed as R-functions are available in supplementary material and can be adapted with local parameters to be used for forest management and conservation issues in other regional contexts. © 2014 Elsevier B.V. |
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INRA, UMR EcoFoG, 97387 Kourou Cedex, French Guiana |
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Elsevier |
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03781127 (Issn) |
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Export Date: 30 July 2014; Coden: Fecmd; Correspondence Address: Guitet, S.; INRA, UMR Amap, TA A51/PS2, 34398 Montpellier Cedex 5, France; email: stephane.guitet@cirad.fr |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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552 |
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N'Guessan, A.E.; N'dja, J.K.; Yao, O.N.; Amani, B.H.K.; Gouli, R.G.Z.; Piponiot, C.; Zo-Bi, I.C.; Herault, B. |
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Title |
Drivers of biomass recovery in a secondary forested landscape of West Africa |
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Journal Article |
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2019 |
Publication |
Forest Ecology and Management |
Abbreviated Journal |
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433 |
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325-331 |
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Biomass; Cultivation; Ecology; Recovery; Secondary recovery; Agricultural land; Bayesian frameworks; Diameter-at-breast heights; Forested landscapes; Neotropical forests; Old-growth forest; Physical environments; Secondary forests; Forestry; Dioscorea alata |
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The rapidly growing human population in West Africa has generated increasing demand for agricultural land and forest products. Consequently 90% of the original rainforest cover has now disappeared and the remainder is heavily fragmented and highly degraded. Although many studies have focused on carbon stocks and fluxes in intact African forests, little information exists on biomass recovery rates in secondary forests. We studied a chronosequence of 96 secondary and old-growth forest fragments (0.2 ha each) where 32.103 trees with Diameter at Breast Height > 2.5 cm have been censused. We modelled the biomass recovery trajectories in a time-explicit Bayesian framework and tested the effect on recovery rates of a large set of covariates related to the physical environment, plot history, and forest connectivity. Recovery rate trajectory is highly non-linear: recovery rates accelerated from 1 to 37 years, when biomass recovery reached 4.23 Mg /ha /yr, and decelerated afterwards. We predict that, on average, 10%, 25% and 50% of the old-growth forest biomass is respectively recovered 17, 30, and 51 years after abandonment. Recovery rates are strongly shaped by both the number of remnant trees (residuals of the former old-growth forest) and the previous crop cultivated before abandonment. The latter induced large differences in the time needed to recover 50% of an old-growth forest biomass: from 38 years for former Yam fields up to 86 years for former rice fields. Our results emphasize (i) the very slow recovery rates of West African forests, as compared to Neotropical forests (ii) the long-lasting impacts of past human activities and management choices on ecosystem biomass recovery in West African degraded forests. |
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Elsevier B.V. |
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03781127 (Issn) |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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838 |
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Yguel, B.; Piponiot, C.; Mirabel, A.; Dourdain, A.; Hérault, B.; Gourlet-Fleury, S.; Forget, P.-M.; Fontaine, C. |
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Beyond species richness and biomass: Impact of selective logging and silvicultural treatments on the functional composition of a neotropical forest |
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Journal Article |
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2019 |
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Forest Ecology and Management |
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433 |
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528-534 |
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Selective logging; Humid tropical forest; Functional composition; Seed dispersal; Carbon storage; Commercial stock; Anthropogenic pressure; Sustainability |
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Tropical forests harbor the greatest terrestrial biodiversity and provide various ecosystem services. The increase of human activities on these forests, among which logging, makes the conservation of biodiversity and associated services strongly dependent on the sustainability of these activities. However the indicators commonly used to assess the impact of forest exploitation, namely species richness and biomass, provide a limited understanding of their sustainability. Here, we assessed the sustainability of common forest exploitation in the Guiana Shield studying the recovery of two ecosystem services i.e. carbon storage and wood stock, and an ecosystem function i.e. seed dispersal by animals. Specifically, we compared total and commercial biomass, as well as functional composition in seed size of animal-dispersed species in replicated forest plots before and 27 years after exploitation. Species richness is also studied to allow comparison. While species richness was not affected by forest exploitation, total and commercial biomass as well as seed size of animal-dispersed species decreased 27 years after exploitation, similarly to forests affected by hunting. These results show that ecosystem services and function likely did not recover even at the lowest intensity of forest exploitation studied, questioning the sustainability of the most common rotation-cycle duration applied in the tropics. |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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839 |
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Hiltner, Ulrike ; Huth, Andreas ; Hérault, Bruno ; Holtmann, Anne ; Brauning, Achim ; Fischer, Rico |
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Title |
Climate change alters the ability of neotropical forests to provide timber and sequester carbon |
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Journal Article |
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2021 |
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Forest Ecology and Management |
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Volume |
492 |
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119166 |
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Exploitation forestière ; Changement climatique ; séquestration du carbone ; Production du bois ; Atténuation des effets du changement climatique ; gestion forestière durable ; forêt tropicale ; Région néotropicale ; Biomasse ; biomasse aérienne des arbres ; gestion de la santé des forêts ; modèle de croissance forestière ; biodiversité forestière |
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Logging is widespread in tropical regions, with approximately 50% of all humid tropical forests (1.73 × 109 ha) regarded as production forests. To maintain the ecosystem functions of carbon sequestration and timber supply in tropical production forests over a long term, forest management must be sustainable under changing climate conditions. Individual-based forest models are useful tools to enhance our understanding about the long-term effects of harvest and climate change on forest dynamics because they link empirical field data with simulations of ecological processes. The objective of this study is to analyze the combined effects of selective logging and climate change on biomass stocks and timber harvest in a tropical forest in French Guiana. By applying a forest model, we simulated natural forest dynamics under the baseline scenario of current climate conditions and compared the results with scenarios of selective logging under climate change. The analyses revealed how substantially forest dynamics are altered
under different scenarios of climate change. (1) Repeated logging within recovery times decreased biomass and timber harvest, irrespective of the intensity of climate change. (2) With moderate climate change as envisaged by the 5th IPCC Assessment Report (representative concentration pathway 2.6), the average biomass remained the same as in the baseline scenario (−1%), but with intensive climate change (RCP 8.5), the average biomass decreased by 12%. (3) The combination of selective logging and climate change increased the likelihood of changes in forest dynamics, driven mainly by rising temperatures. Under RCP 8.5, the average timber harvest was almost halved, regardless of the logging cycle applied. An application-oriented use of forest models will help to identify opportunities to reduce the effects of unwanted ecosystem changes in a changing environment. To ensure that ecosystem functions in production forests are maintained under climate change conditions, appropriate management strategies will help to maintain biomass and harvest in production forests. |
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Elsevier B.V. |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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1016 |
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Author |
Derroire, Géraldine ; Piponiot, Camille ; Descroix, Laurent ; Bedeau, Caroline ; Traissac, Stéphane ; Brunaux, Olivier ; Hérault, Bruno |
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Prospective carbon balance of the wood sector in a tropical forest territory using a temporally-explicit model |
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2021 |
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Forest Ecology and Management |
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497 |
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Exploitation forestière, Production du bois, Modélisation environnementale, planification de la gestion forestière, forêt tropicale, Aménagement forestier, Plantations, Évaluation de l'impac |
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Selective logging in tropical forests is often perceived as a source of forest degradation and carbon emissions. Improved practices, such as reduced-impact logging (RIL), and alternative timber production strategies (e.g. plantations) can drastically change the overall carbon impact of the wood production sector. Assessing the carbon balance of timber production is crucial but highly dependent on methodological approaches, especially regarding system boundaries and temporality. We developed a temporally-explicit and territory scale model of carbon balance calibrated with long-term local data using Bayesian inference. The model accounts for carbon fluxes from selective logging in natural forest, timber plantation, first transformation and avoided emissions through energy substitution. We used it to compare prospective scenarios of development for the wood sector in French Guiana. Results show that intensification of practices, through increased logging intensity conducted with RIL and establishment of timber plantations, are promising development strategies to reduce the carbon emissions of the French-Guianese wood sector, as well as the area needed for wood production and hence the pressure on natural forests. By reducing logging damage by nearly 50%, RIL allows increasing logging intensity in natural forest from 20 m3 ha−1 to 30 m3 ha−1 without affecting the carbon balance. The use of logging byproducts as fuelwood also improved the carbon balance of selective logging, when substituted to fossil fuel. Allocating less than 30 000 ha to plantation would allow producing 200 000 m3 of timber annually, while the same production in natural forest would imply logging more than 400 000 ha over 60 years. Timber plantation should be preferentially established on non-forested lands, as converting natural forests to plantation leads to high carbon emission peak over the first three decades. We recommend a mixed-strategy combining selective logging in natural forests and plantations as a way to improve long-term carbon balance while reducing short-term emissions. This strategy can reduce the pressure on natural forests while mitigating the risks of changing practices and allowing a diversified source of timber for a diversity of uses. It requires adaptation of the wood sector and development of technical guidelines. Research and monitoring efforts are also needed to assess the impacts of changing practices on other ecosystem services, especially biodiversity conservation. |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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1019 |
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