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Lobova, T.A.; Mori, S.A.; Blanchard, F.; Peckham, H.; Charles-Dominique, P. |
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Title |
Cecropia as a food resource for bats in French Guiana and the significance of fruit structure in seed dispersal and longevity |
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Journal Article |
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2003 |
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American Journal of Botany |
Abbreviated Journal |
Am. J. Bot. |
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90 |
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3 |
Pages |
388-403 |
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bat dispersal; Cecropia; French Guiana; fruit anatomy; fruit morphology; mucilage; Neotropical bats; soil seed bank |
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Cecropia (Cecropiaceae) is a Neotropical genus of pioneer plants. A review of bat/plant dispersal interactions revealed that 15 species of Cecropia are consumed by 32 species of bats. In French Guiana, bats were captured in primary and secondary forests, yielding 936 fecal samples with diaspores, among which 162 contained fruits of C. obtusa, C. palmata, and C. sciadophylla. A comparative morphological and anatomical study of fruits and seeds taken directly from herbarium specimens, bat feces, and an experimental soil seed bank was made. Contrary to previous reports, the dispersal unit of Cecropia is the fruit not the seed. Bats consume the infructescence, digest pulp derived from the enlarged, fleshy perianth, and defecate the fruits. The mucilaginous pericarp of Cecropia is described. The external mucilage production of Cecropia may facilitate endozoochory. The exocarp and part of the mesocarp may be lost after passage through the digestive tract of bats, but fruits buried for a year in the soil seed bank remain structurally unchanged. Fruit characters were found to be useful for identifying species of bat-dispersed Cecropia. Bat dispersal is not necessary for seed germination but it increases seed survival and subsequent germination. Fruit structure plays a significant role in seed longevity. |
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New York Bot Garden, Inst Systemat Bot, Bronx, NY 10458 USA |
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BOTANICAL SOC AMER INC |
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0002-9122 |
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ISI:000183133100008 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
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272 |
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Sarmiento, C.; Patino, S.; Paine, C.E.T.; Beauchene, J.; Thibaut, A.; Baraloto, C. |
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Within-Individual Variation of Trunk and Branch Xylem Density in Tropical Trees |
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Journal Article |
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2011 |
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American Journal of Botany |
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Am. J. Bot. |
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98 |
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1 |
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140-149 |
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branch xylem density; French Guiana; functional trait; tropical trees; trunk xylem density; wood economics |
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Premise of the study : Wood density correlates with mechanical and physiological strategies of trees and is important for estimating global carbon stocks. Nonetheless, the relationship between branch and trunk xylem density has been poorly explored in neotropical trees. Here, we examine this relationship in trees from French Guiana and its variation among different families and sites, to improve the understanding of wood density in neotropical forests. Methods : Trunk and branch xylem densities were measured for 1909 trees in seven sites across French Guiana. A major-axis fit was performed to explore their general allometric relationship and its variation among different families and sites. Key results : Trunk xylem and branch xylem densities were significantly positively correlated, and their relationship explained 47% of the total variance. Trunk xylem was on average 9% denser than branch xylem. Family-level differences and interactions between family and site accounted for more than 40% of the total variance, whereas differences among sites explained little variation. Conclusions : Variation in xylem density within individual trees can be substantial, and the relationship between branch xylem and trunk xylem densities varies considerably among families and sites. As such, whole-tree biomass estimates based on non-destructive branch sampling should correct for both taxonomic and environmental factors. Furthermore, detailed estimates of the vertical distribution of wood density within individual trees are needed to determine the extent to which relying solely upon measures of trunk wood density may cause carbon stocks in tropical forests to be overestimated. |
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[Sarmiento, Carolina; Patino, Sandra; Baraloto, Christopher] INRA, UMR Ecol Forets Guyane, Kourou 97310, French Guiana, Email: carolinasar@gmail.com |
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BOTANICAL SOC AMER INC |
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0002-9122 |
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ISI:000285747900019 |
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EcoFoG @ eric.marcon @ |
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290 |
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Coté, G.G.; Gibernau, M. |
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Distribution of calcium oxalate crystals in floral organs of araceae in relation to pollination strategy |
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Journal Article |
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2012 |
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American Journal of Botany |
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Am. J. Bot. |
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99 |
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7 |
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1231-1242 |
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Araceae; Beetles; Calcium oxalate; Crystal; Defense; Flowers; Herbivory; Pollination |
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Premise of the study: Many flowers are pollinated by potentially hungry insects, yet flowers also contain gametes and embryos which must be protected from predation. Microscopic calcium oxalate crystals in plant tissues have been proposed to protect against herbivory. Aroids, which have an unusual diversity of such crystals, also exhibit diverse pollination strategies. Many species have pollinators that do not feed while visiting the flowers, while other species, especially those pollinated by beetles, offer sterile staminodia as food rewards. We examined flowers of 21 aroid species with various pollination strategies to test the hypothesis that crystals protect vital gametes and embryos while allowing consumption of food bribes.Methods: Aroid inflorescences collected from the field or from greenhouse material were sectioned, cleared, and examined by bright field and polarization microscopy.Key results: All species examined, regardless of pollination strategy, arrayed crystals around unshed pollen and ovules. Less vital tissues, such as odoriferous appendages, had few crystals. Staminodia offered as food to beetle pollinators, however, differed greatly between species in their crystal contents. Some had minimal crystals; some had crystals in patterns suggesting they limit beetle feeding; still others had abundant crystals in no obvious pattern.Conclusions: The results are consistent with crystals protecting against insect predation of gametes and embryos. However, the role of crystals in food-bribe staminodia is unclear. They may limit and direct feeding by beetles in some species, while in others they might have no protective role. © 2012 Botanical Society of America. |
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CNRS-Ecolog (UMR 8172), Campus Agronomique BP316, Korou cedex 97379, France |
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00029122 (Issn) |
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Export Date: 10 August 2012; Source: Scopus; Coden: Ajboa; doi: 10.3732/ajb.1100499; Language of Original Document: English; Correspondence Address: Coté, G. G.; Biology Department, Radford University, Radford, VA 24142-6931, United States; email: gcote@radford.edu |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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420 |
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Valverde-Barrantes, Oscar J. ; Authier, Louise ; Schimann, Heidy ; Baraloto, Christophier |
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Root anatomy helps to reconcile observed root trait syndromes in tropical tree species |
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2021 |
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American Journal of Botany |
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108 |
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5 |
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744-755 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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1056 |
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Fukami, T.; Nakajima, M.; Fortunel, C.; Fine, P.V.A.; Baraloto, C.; Russo, S.E.; Peay, K.G. |
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Title |
Geographical variation in community divergence: insights from tropical forest monodominance by ectomycorrhizal trees |
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Journal Article |
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2017 |
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American Naturalist |
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American Naturalist |
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190 |
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S105-S122 |
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Community assembly; Mycorrhizae; Plant traits; Plant-soil feedback; Priority effects; Species pools |
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Convergence occurs in both species traits and community structure, but how convergence at the two scales influences each other remains unclear. To address this question, we focus on tropical forest monodominance, in which a single, often ectomycorrhizal (EM) tree species occasionally dominates forest stands within a landscape otherwise characterized by diverse communities of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) trees. Such monodominance is a striking potential example of community divergence resulting in alternative stable states. However, it is observed only in some tropical regions. A diverse suite of AM and EM trees locally codominate forest stands elsewhere. We develop a hypothesis to explain this geographical difference using a simulation model of plant community assembly. Simulation results suggest that in a region with a few EM species (e.g., South America), EM trees experience strong selection for convergent traits that match the abiotic conditions of the environment. Consequently, EM species successfully compete against other species to form monodominant stands via positive plant-soil feedbacks. By contrast, in a region with many EM species (e.g., Southeast Asia), species maintain divergent traits because of complex plant-soil feedbacks, with no species having traits that enablemonodominance. An analysis of plant trait data from Borneo and Peruvian Amazon was inconclusive. Overall, this work highlights the utility of geographical comparison in understanding the relationship between trait convergence and community convergence. © 2017 by The University of Chicago. |
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School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, United States |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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761 |
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Dejean, A.; Petitclerc, F.; Compin, A.; Azémar, F.; Corbara, B.; Delabie, J.H.C.; Leroy, C. |
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Hollow internodes permit a neotropical understory plant to shelter multiple mutualistic ant species, obtaining protection and nutrient provisioning (myrmecotrophy) |
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Journal Article |
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2017 |
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American Naturalist |
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American Naturalist |
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190 |
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5 |
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E124-E131 |
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Ant-plant relationships; Biotic protection; Mutualism; Myrmecotrophy; Stable isotopes; Tachia guianensis |
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The Neotropical understory plant Tachia guianensis (Gentianaceae)- known to shelter the colonies of several ant species in its hollow trunks and branches-does not provide them with food rewards (e.g., extrafloral nectar). We tested whether these ants are opportunistic nesters or whether mutualistic relationships exist as for myrmecophytes or plants sheltering ant colonies in specialized hollow structures in exchange for protection from enemies and/or nutrient provisioning (myrmecotrophy). We noted 37 ant species sheltering inside T. guianensis internodes, three of them accounting for 43.5% of the cases. They protect their host plants from leaf-cutting ant defoliation and termite damage because individuals devoid of associated ants suffered significantly more attacks. Using the stable isotope 15N, we experimentally showed that the tested ant species furnish their host plants with nutrients. Therefore, a mutualism exists. However, because it is associated with numerous ant species, T. guianensis can be considered a nonspecialized myrmecophyte. © 2017 by The University of Chicago. |
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Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, UMR botAnique et Modélisation de l’Archtecture des Plantes et des Végétations, Cirad, CNRS, INRA, Université de Montpellier, Boulevard de la Lironde, TA A-51/PS2, Montpellier cedex 5, Brazil |
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Export Date: 2 November 2017 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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768 |
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Fu, T.; Touboul, D.; Della-Negra, S.; Houel, E.; Amusant, N.; Duplais, C.; Fisher, G.L.; Brunelle, A. |
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Tandem Mass Spectrometry Imaging and in Situ Characterization of Bioactive Wood Metabolites in Amazonian Tree Species Sextonia rubra |
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Journal Article |
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2018 |
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Analytical Chemistry |
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Anal. Chem. |
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90 |
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12 |
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7535-7543 |
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Driven by a necessity for confident molecular identification at high spatial resolution, a new time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) tandem mass spectrometry (tandem MS) imaging instrument has been recently developed. In this paper, the superior MS/MS spectrometry and imaging capability of this new tool is shown for natural product study. For the first time, via in situ analysis of the bioactive metabolites rubrynolide and rubrenolide in Amazonian tree species Sextonia rubra (Lauraceae), we were able both to analyze and to image by tandem MS the molecular products of natural biosynthesis. Despite the low abundance of the metabolites in the wood sample(s), efficient MS/MS analysis of these γ-lactone compounds was achieved, providing high confidence in the identification and localization. In addition, tandem MS imaging minimized the mass interferences and revealed specific localization of these metabolites primarily in the ray parenchyma cells but also in certain oil cells and, further, revealed the presence of previously unidentified γ-lactone, paving the way for future studies in biosynthesis. |
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American Chemical Society |
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0003-2700 |
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doi: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b01157 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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834 |
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Faucheux, M.J.; Gibernau, M. |
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Antennal sensilla in five Psychodini moth flies (Diptera: Psychodidae: Psychodinae) pollinators of Arum spp. (Araceae) |
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Journal Article |
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2011 |
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Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France |
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Ann. Soc. Entomol. Fr. |
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47 |
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1-2 |
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89-100 |
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Chodopsycha; Deceptive pollination; Logima; Psycha; Psychoda |
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The pollination of the genus Arum (Araceae) is mainly achieved by deception, the floral odour mimicking the pollinator ovipositing site. In order to discover the sensory organs involved in this attraction, we have studied the antennae of five species of psychodine moth-flies (former Psychoda sensu lato = Psychodini), pollinators of Arum spp. The antennae of the five Psychodini reveal seven types of sensilla: multiporous tribranched sensilla basiconica (sensilla ascoidea), multiporous sensilla basiconica, multiporous sensilla coeloconica, multiporous sensilla auricillica, uniporous sensilla basiconica, aporous sensilla chaetica, aporous Böhm's sensilla. Each species possesses three, five or six of these sensillum types. All the multiporous sensilla are probably olfactory receptors while the uniporous sensilla basiconica must possess a contact chemoreceptive function. The multiporous tribranched sensilla basiconica (s. ascoidea), present in all the species, are the best candidates for the reception of the odours given off by the ovipositing sites and the inflorescences of Arum. The multiporous sensilla basiconica and the multiporous sensilla coeloconica may be involved respectively as CO2 receptors or thermoreceptors. Psychoda phalaenoides, which is the main pollinator of A. maculatum, is the species which possesses the largest number of antennal sensilla. The sexual dimorphism, studied only in Psycha grisescens, as concerns the number of sensilla and the absence of a sensillum type which differ according to sex, is difficult to interpret. |
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CNRS – Ecofog UMR 8172, BP 709, F-97387 Kourou, France |
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00379271 (Issn) |
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Export Date: 26 October 2011; Source: Scopus; Language of Original Document: English; Correspondence Address: Faucheux, M.J.; Université de Nantes, Laboratoire d'Endocrinologie des Insectes Sociaux, 2 rue de la Houssinière, F-44322 Nantes Cedex 03, France; email: faucheux.michel@free.fr |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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365 |
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Chartier, M.; Pélozuelo, L.; Gibernau, M. |
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Do floral odor profiles geographically vary with the degree of specificity for pollinators? Investigation in two sapromyophilous Arum species (Araceae) |
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2011 |
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Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France |
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Ann. Soc. Entomol. Fr. |
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47 |
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1-2 |
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71-77 |
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Arum italicum; Arum maculatum; Floral scent; Psychodidae; Specificity |
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We compared floral odour profiles among populations of two Arum species which show different degrees of specificity for their fly pollinators. Insects were collected from inflorescences in four populations of Arum italicum and two populations of Arum maculatum. In six Arum populations, we compared inflorescences odour profiles collected by Solid Phase Micro Extraction (SPME) and analysed by gas chromatography. We confirmed that from a pollination point of view, A. italicum is an opportunist species, as it is mainly pollinated by insects of the families Psychodidae, Chironomidae and Sciaridae, whereas A. maculatum is a specialist species, as it is 90% pollinated by Psychodidae. In all populations, Arum italicum was less attractive to pollinators than Arum maculatum. Floral odour profiles of A. italicum were not geographically structured among populations, suggesting a high gene flow or adaptation to a fluctuant guild of pollinators. On the contrary, odour profiles of A. maculatum varied between the two populations studied suggesting a lower gene flow or adaptation to different local pollinator preferences. |
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CNRS – Ecofog (UMR 8172), BP709, F-97387 Kourou, France |
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00379271 (Issn) |
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Export Date: 26 October 2011; Source: Scopus; Language of Original Document: English; Correspondence Address: Chartier, M.; Université Paul Sabatier, Laboratoire Evolution and Diversité Biologique (UMR 5174), Bât. 4R3-B2, F-31062 Toulouse cedex 9, France; email: chartier.marion@gmail.com |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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366 |
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Mariano, C.S.F.; Silva Santos, I.D.A.; Groc, S.; Leroy, C.; Malé, P.-J.; Ruiz-González, M.X.; Cerdan, P.; Dejean, A.; Delabie, J.H.C. |
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The karyotypes of Gigantiops destructor (Fabricius) and other ants from French Guiana (Formicidae) |
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2011 |
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Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France |
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Ann. Soc. Entomol. Fr. |
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47 |
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1-2 |
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140-146 |
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Chromosome number; Diversity; Minimum interaction theory |
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The aim of this study, which was conducted in French Guiana, was to characterize the karyotypes of nine ant species belonging to the genera Anochetus, Apterostigma, Cyphomyrmex, Camponotus, Gigantiops, Myrmicocrypta, Odontomachus and Pseudomyrmex, and to compare them with published data. We present the first descriptions of the karyotypes of Gigantiops destructor (Fabricius), an endemic Formicinae of the Amazonian region, which is the only living species in the tribe Gigantiopini, and of a species from the poorly-known cryptic genus Myrmicocrypta, which belongs to the Myrmicinae tribe Attini. |
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HYDRECO, Laboratoire Environnement Aménagement de Petit Saut, BP 823, F- 97388 Kourou Cedex, France |
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Export Date: 26 October 2011; Source: Scopus; Language of Original Document: English; Correspondence Address: Delabie, J.H.C.; Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Rodovia Ilhéus-Itabuna, Km 16, 45650-000 Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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