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Yguel, B.; Piponiot, C.; Mirabel, A.; Dourdain, A.; Hérault, B.; Gourlet-Fleury, S.; Forget, P.-M.; Fontaine, C. |
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Title |
Beyond species richness and biomass: Impact of selective logging and silvicultural treatments on the functional composition of a neotropical forest |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2019 |
Publication |
Forest Ecology and Management |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
433 |
Issue |
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Pages |
528-534 |
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Keywords |
Selective logging; Humid tropical forest; Functional composition; Seed dispersal; Carbon storage; Commercial stock; Anthropogenic pressure; Sustainability |
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Abstract |
Tropical forests harbor the greatest terrestrial biodiversity and provide various ecosystem services. The increase of human activities on these forests, among which logging, makes the conservation of biodiversity and associated services strongly dependent on the sustainability of these activities. However the indicators commonly used to assess the impact of forest exploitation, namely species richness and biomass, provide a limited understanding of their sustainability. Here, we assessed the sustainability of common forest exploitation in the Guiana Shield studying the recovery of two ecosystem services i.e. carbon storage and wood stock, and an ecosystem function i.e. seed dispersal by animals. Specifically, we compared total and commercial biomass, as well as functional composition in seed size of animal-dispersed species in replicated forest plots before and 27 years after exploitation. Species richness is also studied to allow comparison. While species richness was not affected by forest exploitation, total and commercial biomass as well as seed size of animal-dispersed species decreased 27 years after exploitation, similarly to forests affected by hunting. These results show that ecosystem services and function likely did not recover even at the lowest intensity of forest exploitation studied, questioning the sustainability of the most common rotation-cycle duration applied in the tropics. |
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0378-1127 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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839 |
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Céréghino, R.; Corbara, B.; Hénaut, Y.; Bonhomme, C.; Compin, A.; Dejean, A. |
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Title |
Ant and spider species as surrogates for functional community composition of epiphyte-associated invertebrates in a tropical moist forest |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2019 |
Publication |
Ecological Indicators |
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Volume |
96 |
Issue |
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Pages |
694-700 |
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Keywords |
Functional traits; Indicator species; Phytotelmata; Rainforests; Surrogacy; Tank bromeliads |
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Abstract |
Epiphytes represent up to 50% of all plant species in rainforests, where they host a substantial amount of invertebrate biomass. Efficient surrogates for epiphyte invertebrate communities could reduce the cost of biomonitoring surveys while preventing destructive sampling of the plants. Here, we focus on the invertebrate communities associated to tank bromeliads. We ask whether the presence of particular ant and/or spider taxa (easily surveyed taxa) that use these plants as nesting and/or foraging habitats predicts functional trait combinations of aquatic invertebrate communities hosted by the plants. Functional community composition of invertebrates was predicted both by bromeliad habitat features and the presence of certain ant and spider species. The ant Azteca serica preferred wider bromeliad rosettes that trap large amount of detritus, indicating interstitial-like food webs dominated by deposit feeders that burrow in fine particulate organic matter. Leucauge sp. spiders preferred narrower bromeliad rosettes bearing smaller detrital loads, thereby indicating a dominance of pelagic filter-feeding and predatory invertebrates in the water-filled leaf axils. Both Neoponera villosa ants and Eriophora sp. spiders preferred rosettes at intermediate size bearing moderate amounts of detritus, indicating a benthic food web dominated by leaf shredders and gathering collectors. Owing to the animal diversity and biomass supported by rainforest epiphytes, our approach would deserve to be further tested on a range of epiphytes involved in tight interactions with invertebrates. In this context, surrogate species could serve both as indicators of functional diversity, and as early-warning indicators of network disassembly. |
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1470-160x |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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841 |
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Bruelheide, H.; Dengler, J.; Purschke, O.; Lenoir, J.; Jiménez-Alfaro, B.; Hennekens, S.M.; Botta-Dukát, Z.; Chytrý, M.; Field, R.; Jansen, F.; Kattge, J.; Pillar, V.D.; Schrodt, F.; Mahecha, M.D.; Peet, R.K.; Sandel, B.; van Bodegom, P.; Altman, J.; Alvarez-Dávila, E.; Arfin Khan, M.A.S.; Attorre, F.; Aubin, I.; Baraloto, C.; Barroso, J.G.; Bauters, M.; Bergmeier, E.; Biurrun, I.; Bjorkman, A.D.; Blonder, B.; Čarni, A.; Cayuela, L.; Černý, T.; Cornelissen, J.H.C.; Craven, D.; Dainese, M.; Derroire, G.; De Sanctis, M.; Díaz, S.; Doležal, J.; Farfan-Rios, W.; Feldpausch, T.R.; Fenton, N.J.; Garnier, E.; Guerin, G.R.; Gutiérrez, A.G.; Haider, S.; Hattab, T.; Henry, G.; Hérault, B.; Higuchi, P.; Hölzel, N.; Homeier, J.; Jentsch, A.; Jürgens, N.; Kącki, Z.; Karger, D.N.; Kessler, M.; Kleyer, M.; Knollová, I.; Korolyuk, A.Y.; Kühn, I.; Laughlin, D.C.; Lens, F.; Loos, J.; Louault, F.; Lyubenova, M.I.; Malhi, Y.; Marcenò, C.; Mencuccini, M.; Müller, J.V.; Munzinger, J.; Myers-Smith, I.H.; Neill, D.A.; Niinemets, Ü.; Orwin, K.H.; Ozinga, W.A.; Penuelas, J.; Pérez-Haase, A.; Petřík, P.; Phillips, O.L.; Pärtel, M.; Reich, P.B.; Römermann, C.; Rodrigues, A.V.; Sabatini, F.M.; Sardans, J.; Schmidt, M.; Seidler, G.; Silva Espejo, J.E.; Silveira, M.; Smyth, A.; Sporbert, M.; Svenning, J.-C.; Tang, Z.; Thomas, R.; Tsiripidis, I.; Vassilev, K.; Violle, C.; Virtanen, R.; Weiher, E.; Welk, E.; Wesche, K.; Winter, M.; Wirth, C.; Jandt, U. |
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Title |
Global trait–environment relationships of plant communities |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Nature Ecology & Evolution |
Abbreviated Journal |
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2 |
Issue |
12 |
Pages |
1906-1917 |
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Plant functional traits directly affect ecosystem functions. At the species level, trait combinations depend on trade-offs representing different ecological strategies, but at the community level trait combinations are expected to be decoupled from these trade-offs because different strategies can facilitate co-existence within communities. A key question is to what extent community-level trait composition is globally filtered and how well it is related to global versus local environmental drivers. Here, we perform a global, plot-level analysis of trait–environment relationships, using a database with more than 1.1 million vegetation plots and 26,632 plant species with trait information. Although we found a strong filtering of 17 functional traits, similar climate and soil conditions support communities differing greatly in mean trait values. The two main community trait axes that capture half of the global trait variation (plant stature and resource acquisitiveness) reflect the trade-offs at the species level but are weakly associated with climate and soil conditions at the global scale. Similarly, within-plot trait variation does not vary systematically with macro-environment. Our results indicate that, at fine spatial grain, macro-environmental drivers are much less important for functional trait composition than has been assumed from floristic analyses restricted to co-occurrence in large grid cells. Instead, trait combinations seem to be predominantly filtered by local-scale factors such as disturbance, fine-scale soil conditions, niche partitioning and biotic interactions. |
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2397-334x |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ Bruelheide2018 |
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844 |
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Courtois, E.A.; Stahl, C.; Van den Berge, J.; Bréchet, L.; Van Langenhove, L.; Richter, A.; Urbina, I.; Soong, J.L.; Peñuelas, J.; Janssens, I.A. |
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Spatial Variation of Soil CO2, CH4 and N2O Fluxes Across Topographical Positions in Tropical Forests of the Guiana Shield |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Ecosystems |
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21 |
Issue |
7 |
Pages |
1445-1458 |
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The spatial variation of soil greenhouse gas fluxes (GHG; carbon dioxide—CO2, methane—CH4 and nitrous oxide—N2O) remains poorly understood in highly complex ecosystems such as tropical forests. We used 240 individual flux measurements of these three GHGs from different soil types, at three topographical positions and in two extreme hydric conditions in the tropical forests of the Guiana Shield (French Guiana, South America) to (1) test the effect of topographical positions on GHG fluxes and (2) identify the soil characteristics driving flux variation in these nutrient-poor tropical soils. Surprisingly, none of the three GHG flux rates differed with topographical position. CO2 effluxes covaried with soil pH, soil water content (SWC), available nitrogen and total phosphorus. The CH4 fluxes were best explained by variation in SWC, with soils acting as a sink under drier conditions and as a source under wetter conditions. Unexpectedly, our study areas were generally sinks for N2O and N2O fluxes were partly explained by total phosphorus and available nitrogen concentrations. This first study describing the spatial variation of soil fluxes of the three main GHGs measured simultaneously in forests of the Guiana Shield lays the foundation for specific studies of the processes underlying the observed patterns. |
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1435-0629 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ Courtois2018 |
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847 |
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Rodríguez Pérez, H.; Borrel, G.; Leroy, C.; Carrias, J.-F.; Corbara, B.; Srivastava, D.S.; Céréghino, R. |
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Title |
Simulated drought regimes reveal community resilience and hydrological thresholds for altered decomposition |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Oecologia |
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187 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
267-279 |
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Future climate scenarios forecast a 10–50% decline in rainfall in Eastern Amazonia. Altered precipitation patterns may change important ecosystem functions like decomposition through either changes in physical and chemical processes or shifts in the activity and/or composition of species. We experimentally manipulated hydroperiods (length of wet:dry cycles) in a tank bromeliad ecosystem to examine impacts on leaf litter decomposition. Gross loss of litter mass over 112 days was greatest in continuously submersed litter, lowest in continuously dry litter, and intermediate over a range of hydroperiods ranging from eight cycles of 7 wet:7 dry days to one cycle of 56 wet:56 dry days. The resilience of litter mass loss to hydroperiod length is due to a shift from biologically assisted decomposition (mostly microbial) at short wet:dry hydroperiods to physicochemical release of dissolved organic matter at longer wet:dry hydroperiods. Biologically assisted decomposition was maximized at wet:dry hydroperiods falling within the range of ambient conditions (12–22 consecutive dry days) but then declined under prolonged wet:dry hydroperiods (28 and 56 dry days. Fungal:bacterial ratios showed a similar pattern as biologically assisted decomposition to hydroperiod length. Our results suggest that microbial communities confer functional resilience to altered hydroperiod in tank bromeliad ecosystems. We predict a substantial decrease in biological activity relevant to decomposition under climate scenarios that increase consecutive dry days by 1.6- to 3.2-fold in our study area, whereas decreased frequency of dry periods will tend to increase the physicochemical component of decomposition. |
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1432-1939 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ Rodríguez Pérez2018 |
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850 |
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Bossu, J.; Lehnebach, R.; Corn, S.; Regazzi, A.; Beauchene, J.; Clair, B. |
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Interlocked grain and density patterns in Bagassa guianensis: changes with ontogeny and mechanical consequences for trees |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Trees |
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32 |
Issue |
6 |
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1643-1655 |
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Interlocked grain and basic density increase from pith to bark in Bagassa guianensis and greatly improve trunk torsional stiffness and wood tenacity in the radial plane. |
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1432-2285 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ Bossu2018 |
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852 |
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Zaremski, A.; Malandain, C.; Sibourg, O.; Andary, C.; Michaloud, G.; Ducousso, M.; Amusant, N.; Zaremski, A. |
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Title |
NGS Identification of Fungi Potentially Implicated in the Production of Agarwood From Aquilaria Spp. Tree |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Pro Ligno |
Abbreviated Journal |
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14 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
9-18 |
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Aquilaria is a tree species belonging to the Thymeleaceae family. When Aquilaria sp. is injured, it can produce agarwood. Agarwood is characterized by a darker wood colour than the healthy one and by a strong perfume that is much esteemed by perfumers and some oriental religious communities. The production of agarwood is presumed to depend on environmental factors, among them fungi. The aim of this work is to obtain an overview of fungi present in Aquilaria sp. from different countries. Aquilaria sp. is endemic to South East Asia including notably Cambodia, Laos and Thailand, where it is cultivated to produce agarwood. In French Guiana, farmers would like to locally produce agarwood in their field. That's why we wonder if fungal communities naturally present in French Guiana present characteristics making it compatible with the induction of agarwood. In this study, NGS was used to characterize fungal communities associated with agarwood: 693,961 sequences that cover ITS2 estimated about 250bp have been obtained. These sequences have been grouped into 535 OTUs, displaying 100% identity. In this study, 87% were Ascomycetes and 10.5% were Basidiomycetes. These results show also differences in fungal communities between aboveground and belowground parts of the tree. Likewise, differences between countries within fungal communities were also observed. |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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855 |
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Devault, D.A.; Beilvert, B.; Winterton, P. |
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Title |
Ship breaking or scuttling? A review of environmental, economic and forensic issues for decision support |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Environmental Science and Pollution Research |
Abbreviated Journal |
Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. |
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Volume |
24 |
Issue |
33 |
Pages |
25741-25774 |
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Keywords |
Artificial reef; Diving; Ship recycling; Ship Recycling Facilities; Shipbreaking; Tourism; Working conditions; Wrecks; artificial reef; coastal erosion; coastal zone management; cost-benefit analysis; decision support system; developing world; economic impact; environmental economics; environmental impact assessment; environmental issue; facility location; health and safety; invasive species; profitability; recycling; shipping; tourism; working conditions; wreck; analysis; decision support system; economics; international cooperation; pollution; prevention and control; procedures; recycling; ship; statistics and numerical data; Decision Support Techniques; Environmental Pollution; Internationality; Recycling; Ships |
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In a globalized world, the world trade fleet plays a pivotal role in limiting transport costs. But, the management of obsolete ships is an acute problem, with most Ship Recycling Facilities (SRF) situated in developing countries. They are renowned for their controversial work and safety conditions and their environmental impact. Paradoxically, dismantlement is paid for by the shipowners in accordance with international conventions therefore it is more profitable for them to sell off ships destined for scrapping. Scuttling, the alternative to scrapping, is assessed in the present review to compare the cost/benefit ratios of the two approaches. Although scrapping provides employment and raw materials – but with environmental, health and safety costs – scuttling provides fisheries and diving tourism opportunities but needs appropriate management to avoid organic and metal pollution, introduction of invasive species and exacerbation of coastal erosion. It is also limited by appropriate bottom depth, ship type and number. The present review inventories the environmental, health, safety, economic, and forensic aspects of each alternative. © 2016, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. |
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Département Langues et Gestion, Université Toulouse III – Paul Sabatier, 118 route de Narbonne, Toulouse cedex 09, 31062, France |
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Springer Verlag |
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09441344 (Issn) |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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869 |
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Caron, H.; Molino, J.-F.; Sabatier, D.; Léger, P.; Chaumeil, P.; Scotti-Saintagne, C.; Frigério, J.-M.; Scotti, I.; Franc, A.; Petit, R.J. |
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Title |
Chloroplast DNA variation in a hyperdiverse tropical tree community |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2019 |
Publication |
Ecology and Evolution |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ecology and Evolution |
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Volume |
9 |
Issue |
8 |
Pages |
4897-4905 |
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chloroplast DNA; DNA barcoding; genetic diversity; hybridization; incomplete lineage sorting; introgression; species diversity; tropical trees |
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We investigate chloroplast DNA variation in a hyperdiverse community of tropical rainforest trees in French Guiana, focusing on patterns of intraspecific and interspecific variation. We test whether a species genetic diversity is higher when it has congeners in the community with which it can exchange genes and if shared haplotypes are more frequent in genetically diverse species, as expected in the presence of introgression. We sampled a total of 1,681 individual trees from 472 species corresponding to 198 genera and sequenced them at a noncoding chloroplast DNA fragment. Polymorphism was more frequent in species that have congeneric species in the study site than in those without congeners (30% vs. 12%). Moreover, more chloroplast haplotypes were shared with congeners in polymorphic species than in monomorphic ones (44% vs. 28%). Despite large heterogeneities caused by genus-specific behaviors in patterns of hybridization, these results suggest that the higher polymorphism in the presence of congeners is caused by local introgression rather than by incomplete lineage sorting. Our findings suggest that introgression has the potential to drive intraspecific genetic diversity in species-rich tropical forests. |
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INRA, UR629 Ecologie des Forêts Méditerranéennes, URFM, Avignon, France |
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John Wiley and Sons Ltd |
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20457758 (Issn) |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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870 |
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Zinger, L.; Taberlet, P.; Schimann, H.; Bonin, A.; Boyer, F.; De Barba, M.; Gaucher, P.; Gielly, L.; Giguet-Covex, C.; Iribar, A.; Réjou-Méchain, M.; Rayé, G.; Rioux, D.; Schilling, V.; Tymen, B.; Viers, J.; Zouiten, C.; Thuiller, W.; Coissac, E.; Chave, J. |
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Title |
Body size determines soil community assembly in a tropical forest |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2019 |
Publication |
Molecular Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Mol Ecol |
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Volume |
28 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
528-543 |
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Keywords |
DNA metabarcoding; eDNA; French Guiana; multitaxa; neutral assembly; niche determinism; propagule size; soil diversity |
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Abstract |
Tropical forests shelter an unparalleled biological diversity. The relative influence of environmental selection (i.e., abiotic conditions, biotic interactions) and stochastic?distance-dependent neutral processes (i.e., demography, dispersal) in shaping communities has been extensively studied for various organisms, but has rarely been explored across a large range of body sizes, in particular in soil environments. We built a detailed census of the whole soil biota in a 12-ha tropical forest plot using soil DNA metabarcoding. We show that the distribution of 19 taxonomic groups (ranging from microbes to mesofauna) is primarily stochastic, suggesting that neutral processes are prominent drivers of the assembly of these communities at this scale. We also identify aluminium, topography and plant species identity as weak, yet significant drivers of soil richness and community composition of bacteria, protists and to a lesser extent fungi. Finally, we show that body size, which determines the scale at which an organism perceives its environment, predicted the community assembly across taxonomic groups, with soil mesofauna assemblages being more stochastic than microbial ones. These results suggest that the relative contribution of neutral processes and environmental selection to community assembly directly depends on body size. Body size is hence an important determinant of community assembly rules at the scale of the ecological community in tropical soils and should be accounted for in spatial models of tropical soil food webs. |
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John Wiley & Sons, Ltd (10.1111) |
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0962-1083 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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873 |
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