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Corbara, B.; Servigne, P.; Dejean, A.; Carpenter, J.M.; Orivel, J. |
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Title |
A mimetic nesting association between a timid social wasp and an aggressive arboreal ant |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Comptes Rendus Biologies |
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341 |
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3 |
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182-188 |
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Ant-wasp interactions; ; ; Mimicry; Nest site selection; Relations guêpes-fourmis; ; ; Mimétisme; Sélection du site de nidification |
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In French Guiana, the arboreal nests of the swarm-founding social wasp Protopolybia emortualis (Polistinae) are generally found near those of the arboreal dolichoderine ant Dolichoderus bidens. These wasp nests are typically protected by an envelope, which in turn is covered by an additional carton ‘shelter’ with structure resembling the D. bidens nests. A few wasps constantly guard their nest to keep D. bidens workers from approaching. When alarmed by a strong disturbance, the ants invade the host tree foliage whereas the wasps retreat into their nest. Notably, there is no chemical convergence in the cuticular profiles of the wasps and ants sharing a tree. The aggressiveness of D. bidens likely protects the wasps from army ant raids, but the ants do not benefit from the presence of the wasps; therefore, this relationship corresponds to a kind of commensalism. Résumé En Guyane française, les nids de la guêpe Protopolybia emortualis (Polistinae) se trouvent généralement à proximité de ceux de la fourmi arboricole Dolichoderus bidens (Dolichoderinae). Ces nids de guêpes sont typiquement protégés par une enveloppe de carton, elle-même recouverte d’une autre enveloppe formant un abri qui ressemble aux nids de carton de D. bidens. Quelques guêpes gardent leur nid en permanence afin de tenir à distance les ouvrières D. bidens. Alarmées par une forte perturbation, les fourmis envahissent tout le feuillage de leur arbre support alors que les guêpes se réfugient dans leur nid. Il n’y a pas de convergence chimique entre les profils cuticulaires des guêpes et ceux des fourmis associées. Il est très probable que les P. emortualis bénéficient d’une protection contre les fourmis légionnaires grâce à l’agressivité des D. bidens, mais il n’y a pas réciprocité, de sorte que cette relation correspond à une forme de commensalisme. |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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825 |
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Craine, J.M.; Elmore, A.J.; Wang, L.; Aranibar, J.; Bauters, M.; Boeckx, P.; Crowley, B.E.; Dawes, M.A.; Delzon, S.; Fajardo, A.; Fang, Y.; Fujiyoshi, L.; Gray, A.; Guerrieri, R.; Gundale, M.J.; Hawke, D.J.; Hietz, P.; Jonard, M.; Kearsley, E.; Kenzo, T.; Makarov, M.; Marañón-Jiménez, S.; McGlynn, T.P.; McNeil, B.E.; Mosher, S.G.; Nelson, D.M.; Peri, P.L.; Roggy, J.C.; Sanders-DeMott, R.; Song, M.; Szpak, P.; Templer, P.H.; Van der Colff, D.; Werner, C.; Xu, X.; Yang, Y.; Yu, G.; Zmudczyńska-Skarbek, K. |
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Title |
Isotopic evidence for oligotrophication of terrestrial ecosystems |
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Journal Article |
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2018 |
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Nature Ecology & Evolution |
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2 |
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11 |
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1735-1744 |
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Human societies depend on an Earth system that operates within a constrained range of nutrient availability, yet the recent trajectory of terrestrial nitrogen (N) availability is uncertain. Examining patterns of foliar N concentrations and isotope ratios (delta15N) from more than 43,000 samples acquired over 37 years, here we show that foliar N concentration declined by 9% and foliar delta15N declined by 0.6–1.6 per thousand. Examining patterns across different climate spaces, foliar delta15N declined across the entire range of mean annual temperature and mean annual precipitation tested. These results suggest declines in N supply relative to plant demand at the global scale. In all, there are now multiple lines of evidence of declining N availability in many unfertilized terrestrial ecosystems, including declines in delta15N of tree rings and leaves from herbarium samples over the past 75–150 years. These patterns are consistent with the proposed consequences of elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide and longer growing seasons. These declines will limit future terrestrial carbon uptake and increase nutritional stress for herbivores. |
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2397-334x |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ Craine2018 |
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827 |
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Denis, T.; Hérault, B.; Brunaux, O.; Guitet, S.; Richard-Hansen, C. |
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Title |
Weak environmental controls on the composition and diversity of medium and large-sized vertebrate assemblages in neotropical rain forests of the Guiana Shield |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Diversity and Distributions |
Abbreviated Journal |
Diversity Distrib. |
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24 |
Issue |
11 |
Pages |
1545-1559 |
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biodiversity; birds; functional traits; mammals; refugia hypothesis; spatial patterns; Aves; Mammalia; Vertebrata |
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Aim: Despite their often high-trophic position and their contribution to many ecosystem functions, little is known about the factors affecting assemblage structure of medium- and large-sized neotropical vertebrates. We examined the relative roles played by the physical and biological environment, and by purely spatial processes, in shaping the composition and diversities of these vertebrate assemblages. Then, based on the theory that the Guianan forest cover shrank to isolated pockets during the late Pleistocene–Holocene, we tested if the past forest refugia may have shaped current vertebrate assemblages. Location: French Guiana, Guiana Shield, South America. Methods: Abundances of 19 medium- and large-sized vertebrates were estimated at 21 locations in undisturbed Guianan rain forests. Using taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic metrics, we partitioned the effects of a range of physical and biological environmental conditions and purely spatial predictors in shaping both assemblage composition and (alpha and beta) diversities. Results: We identified a significant, but weak relationship between taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic assemblage composition and environmental conditions. Assemblage diversity patterns were mainly explained by spatial predictors irrespective of the metrics. Current assemblage diversities are correlated with Pleistocene–Holocene forest history, with the highest alpha diversities outside of putative forest refugia, and the highest beta diversities inside these areas. Main conclusions: Current vertebrate assemblage composition is not strongly marked by common environmental factors. Our main conclusion is that assemblage composition results from individual species responses to the environment. Our findings also suggest that dispersal-related processes or more probably historical processes shape (alpha and beta) diversity patterns. In fact, forest fragmentation during Pleistocene–Holocene climate changes could have led to isolated vertebrate assemblages evolving into unique species assemblages creating the current high beta diversity inside refugia, whereas the lower habitat stability outside of refugia could have led to mixed assemblages in areas recolonized by forest vertebrates (current high alpha diversity outside of refugia). |
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IRD, UMR AMAP (Cirad, CNRS, INRA, Université de Montpellier), Montpellier, France |
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Blackwell Publishing Ltd |
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13669516 (Issn) |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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833 |
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Sprenger, P.P.; Hartke, J.; Feldmeyer, B.; Orivel, J.; Schmitt, T.; Menzel, F. |
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Title |
Influence of Mutualistic Lifestyle, Mutualistic Partner, and Climate on Cuticular Hydrocarbon Profiles in Parabiotic Ants |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2019 |
Publication |
Journal of Chemical Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Chem Ecol |
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45 |
Issue |
9 |
Pages |
741-754 |
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A vital trait in insects is their cuticular hydrocarbon (CHC) profile, which protects the insect against desiccation and serves in chemical communication. Due to these functions, CHC profiles are shaped by both climatic conditions and biotic interactions. Here, we investigated CHC differentiation in the neotropical parabiotic ant species Crematogaster levior and Camponotus femoratus, which mutualistically share a nest. Both consist of two cryptic species each (Cr. levior A and B and Ca. femoratus PAT and PS) that differ genetically and possess strongly different CHC profiles. We characterized and compared CHC profiles of the four cryptic species in detail. Our results suggest that Cr. levior A, Ca. femoratus PAT and Ca. femoratus PS adapted their CHC profiles to the parabiotic lifestyle by producing longer-chain CHCs. At the same time, they changed their major CHC classes, and produce more alkadienes and methyl-branched alkenes compared to Cr. levior B or non-parabiotic species. The CHC profiles of Cr. levior B were more similar to related, non-parabiotic species of the Orthocrema clade than Cr. levior A, and the chain lengths of B were similar to the reconstructed ancestral state. Signals of both the parabiotic partner (biotic conditions) and climate (abiotic conditions) were found in the CHC profiles of all four cryptic species. Our data suggest that mutualisms shaped the CHC profiles of the studied species, in particular chain length and CHC class composition. Beside this, signals of the parabiotic partners indicate potential impacts of biotic interactions, via chemical mimicry or chemical camouflage. |
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1573-1561 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ Sprenger2019 |
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894 |
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Fu, T.; Houel, E.; Amusant, N.; Touboul, D.; Genta-Jouve, G.; Della-Negra, S.; Fisher, G.L.; Brunelle, A.; Duplais, C. |
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Biosynthetic investigation of γ-lactones in Sextonia rubra wood using in situ TOF-SIMS MS/MS imaging to localize and characterize biosynthetic intermediates |
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Journal Article |
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2019 |
Publication |
Scientific Reports |
Abbreviated Journal |
Sci. Rep. |
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9 |
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1928 |
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Molecular analysis by parallel tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) imaging contributes to the in situ characterization of biosynthetic intermediates which is crucial for deciphering the metabolic pathways in living organisms. We report the first use of TOF-SIMS MS/MS imaging for the cellular localization and characterization of biosynthetic intermediates of bioactive γ-lactones rubrynolide and rubrenolide in the Amazonian tree Sextonia rubra (Lauraceae). Five γ-lactones, including previously reported rubrynolide and rubrenolide, were isolated using a conventional approach and their structural characterization and localization at a lateral resolution of ~400 nm was later achieved using TOF-SIMS MS/MS imaging analysis. 2D/3D MS imaging at subcellular level reveals that putative biosynthetic γ-lactones intermediates are localized in the same cell types (ray parenchyma cells and oil cells) as rubrynolide and rubrenolide. Consequently, a revised metabolic pathway of rubrynolide was proposed, which involves the reaction between 2-hydroxysuccinic acid and 3-oxotetradecanoic acid, contrary to previous studies suggesting a single polyketide precursor. Our results provide insights into plant metabolite production in wood tissues and, overall, demonstrate that combining high spatial resolution TOF-SIMS imaging and MS/MS structural characterization offers new opportunities for studying molecular and cellular biochemistry in plants. © 2019, The Author(s). |
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Physical Electronics, Chanhassen, MN 55317, United States |
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Nature Publishing Group |
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20452322 (Issn) |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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866 |
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Leponce, M.;Delabie, J.H.C.;Orivel, J.;Jacquemin, J.;Calvo Martin, M.;Dejean, A. |
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Tree-dwelling ant survey (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) in Mitaraka, French Guiana |
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Journal Article |
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2019 |
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Zoosystema |
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40 |
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sp1 |
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163-179 |
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Ants constitute a substantial part of the arthropod biomass in rainforests. Most studies have focused on ground-dwelling ants, which constitute almost half of the diversity of the ant assemblage. We report here the results of the first survey of tree-dwelling ants in French Guiana on a plateau and in a swamp palm forest (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) in the Mitaraka Mountains. We were interested in seeing the effect of topography and geographic distance on species richness and composition and to gather information on the species distribution on tree trunks. The fauna of Mitaraka was compared with one from a site 350 km distant (Petit Saut). In total 105 trees were sampled (30, 30, 45 in the plateau and the swamp forests of Mitaraka, and in Petit Saut plateau forest, respectively). Arboreal ants were attracted using tuna and honey baits spread along a rope reaching an upper branch, except for the palm swamp forest where the baits were only placed at 2 m high. A total of 34, 13 and 22 species were observed in these three respective sites. Six of these species are new records for French Guiana. In Mitaraka Camponotus femoratus (Fabricius, 1804) and Crematogaster leviorLongino, 2003 co-occurred on trees (parabiotic association) and were among the most common species, along with Crematogaster tenuiculaForel, 1904 which was found on other trees (species exclusion). The Mitaraka Mountains appeared more species rich and had a species composition distinct from Petit Saut. Topography also influenced ant species composition. Almost half of the species collected by the baitline method were exclusively foraging in the canopy. |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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883 |
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Peguero, G.; Sardans, J.; Asensio, D.; Fernández-Martínez, M.; Gargallo-Garriga, A.; Grau, O.; Llusià, J.; Margalef, O.; Márquez, L.; Ogaya, R.; Urbina, I.; Courtois, E.A.; Stahl, C.; Van Langenhove, L.; Verryckt, L.T.; Richter, A.; Janssens, I.A.; Peñuelas, J. |
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Nutrient scarcity strengthens soil fauna control over leaf litter decomposition in tropical rainforests |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2019 |
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Proceedings. Biological sciences |
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Proc. Biol. Sci. |
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286 |
Issue |
1910 |
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20191300 |
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biogeochemistry; extracellular enzyme activity; litter decomposition; nutrients; soil fauna |
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Soil fauna is a key control of the decomposition rate of leaf litter, yet its interactions with litter quality and the soil environment remain elusive. We conducted a litter decomposition experiment across different topographic levels within the landscape replicated in two rainforest sites providing natural gradients in soil fertility to test the hypothesis that low nutrient availability in litter and soil increases the strength of fauna control over litter decomposition. We crossed these data with a large dataset of 44 variables characterizing the biotic and abiotic microenvironment of each sampling point and found that microbe-driven carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) losses from leaf litter were 10.1 and 17.9% lower, respectively, in the nutrient-poorest site, but this among-site difference was equalized when meso- and macrofauna had access to the litterbags. Further, on average, soil fauna enhanced the rate of litter decomposition by 22.6%, and this contribution consistently increased as nutrient availability in the microenvironment declined. Our results indicate that nutrient scarcity increases the importance of soil fauna on C and N cycling in tropical rainforests. Further, soil fauna is able to equalize differences in microbial decomposition potential, thus buffering to a remarkable extent nutrient shortages at an ecosystem level. |
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Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria |
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NLM (Medline) |
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14712954 (Issn) |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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884 |
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Talaga, S.; Dejean, A.; Mouza, C.; Dumont, Y.; Leroy, C. |
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Larval interference competition between the native Neotropical mosquito Limatus durhamii and the invasive Aedes aegypti improves the fitness of both species |
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Journal Article |
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2018 |
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Insect Science |
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Insect Science |
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25 |
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1102-1107 |
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Aedes aegypti; increased fitness; interference competition; Limatus durhamii; phenotypic plasticity; resistance to invasion |
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Abstract Interspecific competition with native species during biological invasions can sometimes limit alien expansion. We aimed to determine the potential ecological effects of Limatus durhamii Theobald 1901, a native Neotropical mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae) species, on the invasive species Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti (Linnaeus 1762) that breeds in the same artificial water containers. Development time and adult dry mass were measured in 3 rearing conditions: control (a single larva), intraspecific competition (2 conspecific larvae), and interspecific competition (2 heterospecific larvae). Food was provided ad libitum to eliminate exploitative competition. For Ae. aegypti, development time was not affected by interspecific interference competition (nonsignificant differences with the control) and the adult dry mass was significantly higher, meaning that individual fitness likely increased. Yet, because previous studies showed longer development time and lighter adults during competition with other invasive mosquitoes, it is likely that Ae. aegypti can express a different phenotype depending on the competing species. The similar pattern found for Li. durhamii females and the nonsignificant difference with the control for males explain in part why this species can compete with Ae. aegypti. |
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John Wiley & Sons, Ltd (10.1111) |
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1672-9609 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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836 |
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Dezecache, C.; Salles, J.-M.; Herault, B. |
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Questioning emissions-based approaches for the definition of REDD+ deforestation baselines in high forest cover/low deforestation countries |
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Journal Article |
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2018 |
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Carbon Balance Manage. |
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13 |
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21 |
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Baseline; Deforestation; Guiana Shield; HFLD countries; Redd+; Reference level; Spatial modelling |
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Background: REDD+ is being questioned by the particular status of High Forest/Low Deforestation countries. Indeed, the formulation of reference levels is made difficult by the confrontation of low historical deforestation records with the forest transition theory on the one hand. On the other hand, those countries might formulate incredibly high deforestation scenarios to ensure large payments even in case of inaction. Results: Using a wide range of scenarios within the Guiana Shield, from methods involving basic assumptions made from past deforestation, to explicit modelling of deforestation using relevant socio-economic variables at the regional scale, we show that the most common methodologies predict huge increases in deforestation, unlikely to happen given the existing socio-economic situation. More importantly, it is unlikely that funds provided under most of these scenarios could compensate for the total cost of avoided deforestation in the region, including social and economic costs. Conclusion: This study suggests that a useful and efficient international mechanism should really focus on removing the underlying political and socio-economic forces of deforestation rather than on hypothetical result-based payments estimated from very questionable reference levels. |
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BioMed Central Ltd. |
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17500680 (Issn) |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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837 |
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N'Guessan, A.E.; N'dja, J.K.; Yao, O.N.; Amani, B.H.K.; Gouli, R.G.Z.; Piponiot, C.; Zo-Bi, I.C.; Herault, B. |
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Drivers of biomass recovery in a secondary forested landscape of West Africa |
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Journal Article |
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2019 |
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Forest Ecology and Management |
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433 |
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325-331 |
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Biomass; Cultivation; Ecology; Recovery; Secondary recovery; Agricultural land; Bayesian frameworks; Diameter-at-breast heights; Forested landscapes; Neotropical forests; Old-growth forest; Physical environments; Secondary forests; Forestry; Dioscorea alata |
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The rapidly growing human population in West Africa has generated increasing demand for agricultural land and forest products. Consequently 90% of the original rainforest cover has now disappeared and the remainder is heavily fragmented and highly degraded. Although many studies have focused on carbon stocks and fluxes in intact African forests, little information exists on biomass recovery rates in secondary forests. We studied a chronosequence of 96 secondary and old-growth forest fragments (0.2 ha each) where 32.103 trees with Diameter at Breast Height > 2.5 cm have been censused. We modelled the biomass recovery trajectories in a time-explicit Bayesian framework and tested the effect on recovery rates of a large set of covariates related to the physical environment, plot history, and forest connectivity. Recovery rate trajectory is highly non-linear: recovery rates accelerated from 1 to 37 years, when biomass recovery reached 4.23 Mg /ha /yr, and decelerated afterwards. We predict that, on average, 10%, 25% and 50% of the old-growth forest biomass is respectively recovered 17, 30, and 51 years after abandonment. Recovery rates are strongly shaped by both the number of remnant trees (residuals of the former old-growth forest) and the previous crop cultivated before abandonment. The latter induced large differences in the time needed to recover 50% of an old-growth forest biomass: from 38 years for former Yam fields up to 86 years for former rice fields. Our results emphasize (i) the very slow recovery rates of West African forests, as compared to Neotropical forests (ii) the long-lasting impacts of past human activities and management choices on ecosystem biomass recovery in West African degraded forests. |
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Elsevier B.V. |
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03781127 (Issn) |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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838 |
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