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Dulormne, M.; Musseau, O.; Muller, F.; Toribio, A.; Bâ, A. |
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Effects of NaCl on growth, water status, N2 fixation, and ion distribution in Pterocarpus officinalis seedlings |
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2010 |
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Plant and Soil |
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Plant and Soil |
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327 |
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1 |
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23-34 |
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Bradyrhizobium; Leaf water potential; Nodulation; Salt; Swamp forest |
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Pterocarpus officinalis (Fabaceae) dominates in the swamp forests of the Lesser Antilles, submitted to strong variations of soil salinity (30-445 mM). This study aimed to assess the effect of salinity on growth, nodulation, N2 fixation, water status and ions content in P. officinalis and to clarify the mechanisms involved. Seedlings inoculated or not with two strains from areas of contrasting salinity levels (< to 50 or 445 mM) were watered with 0, 171 and 342 mM solutions of NaCl in greenhouse conditions. Non-inoculated seedlings were tolerant to a salinity of 171 mM, with no significant effect on seedling biomass. Evapotranspiration per unit of leaf area (E/TLa) remained unchanged at 171 mM. Maintenance of a constant E/TLa and especially the control of ion transport to the upper parts of the plant could explain seedling salt tolerance up to intermediate salinity conditions (171 mM). The two strains have a 99.8% genetic identity in spite of differences in their original habitats, this explaining the similar response of the symbiosis to salinity. The higher salt sensitivity of inoculated seedlings was linked to the sensitivity of both Bradyrhizobium strains (reduction of free-living cells) and to that of the nodulation process (fewer nodules and inhibition of N2-fixation) to intermediate salinity. © Springer Science + Business Media B.V. 2009. |
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LSTM-UMR 113, Université des Antilles et de la Guyane, UFR des Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, B.P. 592, 97159 Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe (F.W.I.), France |
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Cited By :12; Export Date: 7 February 2017 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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727 |
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Hérault, B.; Piponiot, C. |
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Key drivers of ecosystem recovery after disturbance in a neotropical forest: Long-term lessons from the Paracou experiment, French Guiana |
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2018 |
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Forest Ecosystems |
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Forest Ecosystems |
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5 |
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2 |
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Amazonia; Carbon fluxes; Climate change; Ecological resilience; Ecosystem modeling; Tropical forests |
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Background: Natural disturbance is a fundamental component of the functioning of tropical rainforests let to natural dynamics, with tree mortality the driving force of forest renewal. With ongoing global (i.e. land-use and climate) changes, tropical forests are currently facing deep and rapid modifications in disturbance regimes that may hamper their recovering capacity so that developing robust predictive model able to predict ecosystem resilience and recovery becomes of primary importance for decision-making: (i) Do regenerating forests recover faster than mature forests given the same level of disturbance? (ii) Is the local topography an important predictor of the post-disturbance forest trajectories? (iii) Is the community functional composition, assessed with community weighted-mean functional traits, a good predictor of carbon stock recovery? (iv) How important is the climate stress (seasonal drought and/or soil water saturation) in shaping the recovery trajectory? Methods: Paracou is a large scale forest disturbance experiment set up in 1984 with nine 6.25 ha plots spanning on a large disturbance gradient where 15 to 60% of the initial forest ecosystem biomass were removed. More than 70,000 trees belonging to ca. 700 tree species have then been censused every 2 years up today. Using this unique dataset, we aim at deciphering the endogenous (forest structure and composition) and exogenous (local environment and climate stress) drivers of ecosystem recovery in time. To do so, we disentangle carbon recovery into demographic processes (recruitment, growth, mortality fluxes) and cohorts (recruited trees, survivors). Results: Variations in the pre-disturbance forest structure or in local environment do not shape significantly the ecosystem recovery rates. Variations in the pre-disturbance forest composition and in the post-disturbance climate significantly change the forest recovery trajectory. Pioneer-rich forests have slower recovery rates than assemblages of late-successional species. Soil water saturation during the wet season strongly impedes ecosystem recovery but not seasonal drought. From a sensitivity analysis, we highlight the pre-disturbance forest composition and the post-disturbance climate conditions as the primary factors controlling the recovery trajectory. Conclusions: Highly-disturbed forests and secondary forests because they are composed of a lot of pioneer species will be less able to cope with new disturbance. In the context of increasing tree mortality due to both (i) severe droughts imputable to climate change and (ii) human-induced perturbations, tropical forest management should focus on reducing disturbances by developing Reduced Impact Logging techniques. |
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Université de la Guyane, UMR EcoFoG (AgroParistech, Cirad, CNRS, Inra, Université des Antilles), Campus Agronomique, Kourou, French Guiana, 97310, France |
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Cited By :1; Export Date: 1 September 2018 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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812 |
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Lamarre, G.P.A.; Amoretti, D.S.; Baraloto, C.; Bénéluz, F.; Mesones, I.; Fine, P.V.A. |
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Phylogenetic Overdispersion in Lepidoptera Communities of Amazonian White-sand Forests |
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2016 |
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Biotropica |
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Biotropica |
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48 |
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1 |
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101-109 |
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varillales; Amazon basin; Bottom-up; Lepidoptera composition; Moth, Nymphalidae; Phylogenetic structure |
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In the Amazon basin and the Guiana Shield, white-sand (WS) forests are recognized as a low-resource habitat often composed by a distinct flora with many edaphic endemic plants. Small patches of nutrient-poor white-sand forests can pose a series of challenges to plants and animals. For plants, these challenges have been shown to function as strong filters that in turn drive taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic plant composition. However, very little is known about animal communities in WS forest and the effect that low-resource availability may have on higher trophic levels. Here, we investigate the diversity of both taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity of three Lepidoptera families' (Nymphalidae, Saturniidae, and Sphingidae) assemblages between low-resource (White-Sand Forest) and two adjacent high-resource habitats, terra firme clay and seasonally flooded forests. We found no clear effect of habitat type on taxonomic composition although butterfly and moth species abundance differed among the three contrasted habitats. The WS forest Lepidoptera community is significantly more phylogenetically overdispersed than expected by chance. We suggest that these low-resource habitats filter the number of plant lineages which, in turn, creates a bottom-up control structuring Lepidoptera phylogenetic structure. We recommend long-term sampling on Lepidoptera community both at larval and adult stages that may complement this study and test hypotheses linking herbivore phylogenetic structure to plant resource availability and trophic cascade theory. © 2016 The Association for Tropical Biology and Conservation. |
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Department of Biological Sciences, International Center for Tropical Botany, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States |
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Cited By :1; Export Date: 12 February 2016 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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661 |
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Maréchaux, I.; Bartlett, M.K.; Sack, L.; Baraloto, C.; Engel, J.; Joetzjer, E.; Chave, J. |
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Drought tolerance as predicted by leaf water potential at turgor loss point varies strongly across species within an Amazonian forest |
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2015 |
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Functional Ecology |
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Functional Ecology |
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29 |
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10 |
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1268-1277 |
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Climate change; French Guiana; Functional traits; Plant-water relations; Tropical trees; Wilting |
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Amazonian droughts are predicted to become increasingly frequent and intense, and the vulnerability of Amazonian trees has become increasingly documented. However, little is known about the physiological mechanisms and the diversity of drought tolerance of tropical trees due to the lack of quantitative measurements. Leaf water potential at wilting or turgor loss point (π<inf>tlp</inf>) is a determinant of the tolerance of leaves to drought stress and contributes to plant-level physiological drought tolerance. Recently, it has been demonstrated that leaf osmotic water potential at full hydration (π<inf>o</inf>) is tightly correlated with π<inf>tlp</inf>. Estimating π<inf>tlp</inf> from osmometer measurements of π<inf>o</inf> is much faster than the standard pressure-volume curve approach of π<inf>tlp</inf> determination. We used this technique to estimate π<inf>tlp</inf> for 165 trees of 71 species, at three sites within forests in French Guiana. Our data set represents a significant increase in available data for this trait for tropical tree species. Tropical trees showed a wider range of drought tolerance than previously found in the literature, π<inf>tlp</inf> ranging from -1·4 to -3·2 MPa. This range likely corresponds in part to adaptation and acclimation to occasionally extreme droughts during the dry season. Leaf-level drought tolerance varied across species, in agreement with the available published observations of species variation in drought-induced mortality. On average, species with a more negative π<inf>tlp</inf> (i.e. with greater leaf-level drought tolerance) occurred less frequently across the region than drought-sensitive species. Across individuals, π<inf>tlp</inf> correlated positively but weakly with leaf toughness (R2 = 0·22, P = 0·04) and leaf thickness (R2 = 0·03, P = 0·03). No correlation was detected with other functional traits (leaf mass per area, leaf area, nitrogen or carbon concentrations, carbon isotope ratio, sapwood density or bark thickness). The variability in π<inf>tlp</inf> among species indicates a potential for highly diverse species responses to drought within given forest communities. Given the weak correlations between π<inf>tlp</inf> and traditionally measured plant functional traits, vegetation models seeking to predict forest response to drought should integrate improved quantification of comparative drought tolerance among tree species. © 2015 British Ecological Society. |
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CNRM-GAME – URA1357, 42 avenue G. Coriolis, Toulouse, France |
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Cited By :1; Export Date: 12 October 2015 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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629 |
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Lalague, H.; Csilléry, K.; Oddou-Muratorio, S.; Safrana, J.; de Quattro, C.; Fady, B.; González-Martínez, S.C.; Vendramin, G.G. |
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Nucleotide diversity and linkage disequilibrium at 58 stress response and phenology candidate genes in a European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) population from southeastern France |
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2014 |
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Tree Genetics and Genomes |
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Tree Genetics and Genomes |
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10 |
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1 |
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15-26 |
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Climate adaptation; Effective population size; Forest tree; Genomic diversity; Minor allele frequency (MAF); Recombination rate; Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) |
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European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) is one of the most economically and ecologically important deciduous trees in Europe, yet little is known about its genomic diversity and its adaptive potential. Here, we detail the discovery and analysis of 573 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from 58 candidate gene fragments that are potentially involved in abiotic stress response and budburst phenology using a panel of 96 individuals from southeastern France. The mean nucleotide diversity was low (θ π = 2.2 × 10-3) but extremely variable among gene fragments (range from 0.02 to 10), with genes carrying insertion/deletion mutations exhibiting significantly higher diversity. The decay of linkage disequilibrium (LD) measured at gene fragments >800 base pairs was moderate (the half distance of r 2 was 154 bp), consistent with the low average population-scaled recombination rate (ρ = 5.4 × 10-3). Overall, the population-scaled recombination rate estimated in F. sylvatica was lower than for other angiosperm tree genera (such as Quercus or Populus) and similar to conifers. As a methodological perspective, we explored the effect of minimum allele frequency (MAF) on LD and showed that higher MAF resulted in slower decay of LD. It is thus essential that the same MAF is used when comparing the decay of LD among different studies and species. Our results suggest that genome-wide association mapping can be a potentially efficient approach in F. sylvatica, which has a relatively small genome size. © 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. |
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Department of Forest Ecology and Genetics, National Institute for Agriculture and Food Research and Technology (INIA), Forest Research Centre (CIFOR), 28040 Madrid, Spain |
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Cited By :1; Export Date: 13 January 2015 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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578 |
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Lamarre, G.P.A.; Herault, B.; Fine, P.V.A.; Vedel, V.; Lupoli, R.; Mesones, I.; Baraloto, C. |
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Taxonomic and functional composition of arthropod assemblages across contrasting Amazonian forests |
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2016 |
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Journal of Animal Ecology |
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Journal of Animal Ecology |
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85 |
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1 |
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227-239 |
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Amazon; Arthropod community; Environmental filtering; Forest habitat; French Guiana; Functional composition; Mass sampling; Peru; Trophic cascades |
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Arthropods represent most of global biodiversity, with the highest diversity found in tropical rain forests. Nevertheless, we have a very incomplete understanding of how tropical arthropod communities are assembled. We conducted a comprehensive mass sampling of arthropod communities within three major habitat types of lowland Amazonian rain forest, including terra firme clay, white-sand and seasonally flooded forests in Peru and French Guiana. We examined how taxonomic and functional composition (at the family level) differed across these habitat types in the two regions. The overall arthropod community composition exhibited strong turnover among habitats and between regions. In particular, seasonally flooded forest habitats of both regions comprised unique assemblages. Overall, 17·7% (26 of 147) of arthropod families showed significant preferences for a particular habitat type. We present a first reproducible arthropod functional classification among the 147 taxa based on similarity among 21 functional traits describing feeding source, major mouthparts and microhabitats inhabited by each taxon. We identified seven distinct functional groups whose relative abundance contrasted strongly across the three habitats, with sap and leaf feeders showing higher abundances in terra firme clay forest. Our novel arthropod functional classification provides an important complement to link these contrasting patterns of composition to differences in forest functioning across geographical and environmental gradients. This study underlines that both environment and biogeographical processes are responsible for driving arthropod taxonomic composition while environmental filtering is the main driver of the variance in functional composition. © 2016 British Ecological Society. |
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International Center for Tropical Botany, Department of Biological Sciences, International Center for Tropical Botany, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States |
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Cited By :1; Export Date: 17 February 2017 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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731 |
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Amusant, N.; Beauchene, J.; Digeon, A.; Chaix, G. |
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Essential oil yield in rosewood (Aniba rosaeodora Ducke): Initial application of rapid prediction by near infrared spectroscopy based on wood spectra |
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2016 |
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Journal of Near Infrared Spectroscopy |
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Journal of Near Infrared Spectroscopy |
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24 |
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6 |
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507-515 |
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Aniba rosaeodora; Calibration; Essential oil yield; Nir; Pls; Rosewood |
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Rosewood (Aniba rosaeodora) essential oil is a valuable ingredient that has long been used in the perfume and cosmetic industries. The main rosewood timber quality parameters are its essential oil yield and quality. A hydrodistillation method has been developed for yield determination, but it is time consuming. Here we tested the applicability of near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy for determining essential oil yield directly from wood powder. Essential oil from 139 wood powders was extracted via hydrodistillation. The measurements were based on the ratio between the extracted essential oil mass and the oven-dried wood mass and were correlated with the wood powder NIR spectra. The calibration model statistical findings demonstrated that NIR could be a fast and feasible alternative method for selecting trees with a high essential oil yield potential. NIR-based predictions obtained in an independent validation set indicated a high correlation (r2e = 0.92) with laboratory essential oil yield measurements. This NIR model could help wood managers in selecting trees with a high essential oil yield potential and in developing sustainable rosewood management strategies. © IM Publications LLP 2016. All rights reserved. |
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ESALQ-USP, Piracicaba, Brazil |
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Cited By :1; Export Date: 17 January 2017 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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707 |
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Talaga, S.; Dezerald, O.; Carteron, A.; Leroy, C.; Carrias, J.-F.; Céréghino, R.; Dejean, A. |
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Urbanization impacts the taxonomic and functional structure of aquatic macroinvertebrate communities in a small Neotropical city |
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2017 |
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Urban Ecosystems |
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Urban Ecosystems |
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20 |
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5 |
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1001-1009 |
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Aedes aegypti; Bioindicator; Diversity; Functional traits; Tank bromeliads; Urban ecology |
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Due to habitat fragmentation, resource disruption and pollution, urbanization is one of the most destructive forms of anthropization affecting ecosystems worldwide. Generally, human-mediated perturbations dramatically alter species diversity in urban sites compared to the surroundings, thus influencing the functioning of the entire ecosystem. We investigated the taxonomic and functional diversity patterns of the aquatic macroinvertebrate communities in tank bromeliads by comparing those found in a small Neotropical city with those from an adjacent rural site. Changes in the quality of detrital inputs in relation to lower tree diversity and the presence of synanthropic species are likely important driving forces behind the observed structural changes in the urban site. Leaf-litter processors (i.e., shredders, scrapers) were positively affected in the urban site, while filter-feeders that process smaller particles produced by the activity of the shredders were negatively affected. Because we cannot ascertain whether the decline in filter-feeders is related to food web-mediated effects or to competitive exclusion (Aedes aegypti mosquitoes were present in urban bromeliads only), further studies are necessary to account for the effects of intra-guild competition or inter-guild facilitation. © 2017, Springer Science+Business Media New York. |
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Ecolab, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Toulouse, France |
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Cited By :1; Export Date: 18 December 2017 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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776 |
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Ezanno, P.; Aubry-Kientz, M.; Arnoux, S.; Cailly, P.; L'Ambert, G.; Toty, C.; Balenghien, T.; Tran, A. |
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A generic weather-driven model to predict mosquito population dynamics applied to species of Anopheles, Culex and Aedes genera of southern France |
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2015 |
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Preventive Veterinary Medicine |
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Preventive Veterinary Medicine |
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120 |
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1 |
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39-50 |
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Mathematical modelling; Mosquito; Population dynamics; Seasonality; Sensitivity analysis; Surveillance |
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An accurate understanding and prediction of mosquito population dynamics are needed to identify areas where there is a high risk of mosquito-borne disease spread and persistence. Simulation tools are relevant for supporting decision-makers in the surveillance of vector populations, as models of vector population dynamics provide predictions of the greatest risk periods for vector abundance, which can be particularly helpful in areas with a highly variable environment. We present a generic weather-driven model of mosquito population dynamics, which was applied to one species of each of the genera Anopheles, Culex, and Aedes, located in the same area and thus affected by similar weather conditions. The predicted population dynamics of Anopheles hyrcanus, Culex pipiens, and Aedes caspius were not similar. An. hyrcanus was abundant in late summer. Cx. pipiens was less abundant but throughout the summer. The abundance of both species showed a single large peak with few variations between years. The population dynamics of Ae. caspius showed large intra- and inter-annual variations due to pulsed egg hatching. Predictions of the model were compared to longitudinal data on host-seeking adult females. Data were previously obtained using CDC-light traps baited with carbon dioxide dry ice in 2005 at two sites (. Marais du Viguerat and Tour Carbonnière) in a favourable temperate wetland of southern France (Camargue). The observed and predicted periods of maximal abundance for An. hyrcanus and Cx. pipiens tallied very well. Pearson's coefficients for these two species were over 75% for both species. The model also reproduced the major trends in the intra-annual fluctuations of Ae. caspius population dynamics, with peaks occurring in early summer and following the autumn rainfall events. Few individuals of this species were trapped so the comparison of predicted and observed dynamics was not relevant. A global sensitivity analysis of the species-specific models enabled us to identify the parameters most influencing the maximal abundance of mosquitoes. These key parameters were almost similar between species, but not with the same contributions. The emergence of adult mosquitoes was identified as a key process in the population dynamics of all of the three species considered here. Parameters associated with adult emergence therefore need to be precisely known to achieve accurate predictions. Our model is a flexible and efficient tool that predicts mosquito abundance based on local environmental factors. It is useful to and already used by a mosquito surveillance manager in France. © 2015 Elsevier B.V. |
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Université des Antilles et de la Guyane, UMR 'Ecologie des Forêts de Guyane'Kourou, France |
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Cited By :1; Export Date: 18 May 2015 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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603 |
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Buckland, S.T.; Yuan, Y.; Marcon, E. |
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Measuring temporal trends in biodiversity |
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2017 |
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AStA Advances in Statistical Analysis |
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AStA Advances in Statistical Analysis |
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101 |
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4 |
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461-474 |
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Biodiversity measures; Diversity profiles; Geometric mean; Species similarity; Turnover measures |
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In 2002, nearly 200 nations signed up to the 2010 target of the Convention for Biological Diversity, ‘to significantly reduce the rate of biodiversity loss by 2010’. To assess whether the target was met, it became necessary to quantify temporal trends in measures of diversity. This resulted in a marked shift in focus for biodiversity measurement. We explore the developments in measuring biodiversity that was prompted by the 2010 target. We consider measures based on species proportions, and also explain why a geometric mean of relative abundance estimates was preferred to such measures for assessing progress towards the target. We look at the use of diversity profiles, and consider how species similarity can be incorporated into diversity measures. We also discuss measures of turnover that can be used to quantify shifts in community composition arising, for example, from climate change. © 2017, The Author(s). |
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UMR EcoFoG, AgroParisTech, Campus Agronomique, BP 316, Kourou, French Guiana, France |
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Cited By :1; Export Date: 2 November 2017 |
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EcoFoG @ webmaster @ |
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769 |
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